Category: Personal Finance

10 Best Personal Finance Books to Read in 2025

Mastering personal finance is key to building wealth, avoiding debt, and achieving financial freedom. The right books can transform your mindset and guide you toward smarter money decisions. Here, we’ve handpicked the 10 best personal finance books that offer timeless strategies and practical insights to help you take charge of your financial future.

In this blog, we will give you an overview of the top 10 personal finance books.

Top 10 Personal Finance Books

S.No.	Book Name	Year	Author	Rating (Goodreads)
1	The Intelligent Investor	1949	Benjamin Graham	4.3
2	Let’s Talk Money	2018	Monika Halan	4.3
3	Rich Dad Poor Dad	1997	Robert T. Kiyosaki	4.1
4	Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits	1958	Philip A. Fisher	4.2
5	The Dhandho Investor	2007	Mohnish Pabrai	4.3
6	The Nature of Money	2011	Geoffrey Ingham	3.9
7	One Up on Wall Street	1989	Peter Lynch	4.3
8	Think and Grow Rich	1937	Napoleon Hill	4.2
9	Coffee Can Investing	2018	Saurabh Mukherjea	4.2
10	The Total Money Makeover	2003	Dave Ramsey	4.3

Overview of the Top Personal Finance Books

1. The Intelligent Investor

This book was written by Benjamin Graham and was published in 1949. Benjamin Graham is known as the father of value investing. In this book, he explains key characteristics of an investor that separates them from a speculator. The book emphasises long-term investing and suggests that an intelligent investor ignores the mood of the market and only trades when there are favourable prices. He said investing is not a get-rich-quick scheme but a serious business. Considered a must-read by many, The Intelligent Investor remains one of the most influential finance books ever written.

2. Let’s Talk Money

The book was written by Monika Halan, who is a renowned financial journalist. The book is divided into three parts: building the foundation of a financially sound life, creating wealth, and getting wealthy. This book is written in an easy to understand language that can help an individual make informed decisions related to different stages of life. She covers essential topics such as budgeting, emergency funds, insurance, retirement planning, and choosing the right investment products suited to individual goals and risk profiles.

3. Rich Dad Poor Dad

This book was written by Robert T. Kiyosaki and was published in 1997. In this book, the author has explained his life experience of the difference in mindset between his biological father, who was poor and the father of his best friend, who was very rich. Through their contrasting approaches to money, he highlights the difference in mindset between working for money and making money work for you. Kiyosaki encourages readers to break free from the traditional cycle of earning, spending, and saving, and instead focus on building assets that generate passive income. This book emphasises how financial literacy and self-belief help you in creating wealth.

4. Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits

The book was first published in 1958 and was written by Philip A. Fisher. In this book, Fisher focuses on a growth-oriented approach to investing, which was based on qualitative analysis, i.e., analysing company’s management, its capacity for innovation, competitive advantages, and long-term vision. It remains a must-read for anyone interested in growth investing and learning how to identify outstanding companies before they become widely recognized.

5. The Dhandho Investor

The book was written by Mohnish Pabrai, who was the founder of Pabrai Investment Fund. The book was published in 2007. The writer introduces the “Dhandho” approach of investing, which means investing in simple, predictable businesses. According to the book, one should not invest in futuristic ideas; instead, invest in businesses which have a proven track record. The principles of investing discussed in this book are similar to those used by Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett.

6. The Nature of Money

Written by Geoffrey Ingham and published in 2004, this book offers a unique and thought-provoking perspective on what money truly is. Ingham challenges the traditional economic view of money as merely a neutral medium of exchange. Instead, he explores money as a social construct, emphasizing its role in shaping relationships of credit and debt within society. This book dives deep into the sociology and politics behind money, providing readers with a richer, more nuanced understanding of how modern financial systems operate. It’s an essential read for anyone interested in exploring the foundations of money beyond conventional economic theories.

7. One Up on Wall Street

This book was written by Peter Lynch and published in 1989. Peter Lynch is a successful mutual fund manager. He managed various Fidelity Magellan Funds from 1977 to 1990, and achieved an annualised return of 29%. In this book, he emphasises the importance of daily observation of individual investors, which they can use to find common and promising investment opportunities. Focusing on the principle of “Invest in what you know”, the author believes that anyone can discover great stocks before they’re widely recognized by analysts.

8. Think and Grow Rich

This book was published in 1937 and was written by Napoleon Hill. Based on decades of studying the habits and mindsets of highly successful people, the book is much more than a guide to earning money; it’s a blueprint for achieving success in any area of life. Napoleon interviewed several successful people and found some common characteristics, which are mentioned in the book. Once you finish reading this book, you will get to learn the psychology of creating wealth.

9. Coffee Can Investing

The book was written by Saurabh Mukherjea, Rakshit Ranjan, and Pranab Uniyal, and it was published in 2018. In this book, the authors discusses a long-term approach to wealth creation, especially tailored for Indian investors. The authors introduce the concept of “Coffee Can Investing,” inspired by an old American practice where people would stash valuable possessions in a coffee can and forget about them for years. In investing terms, this means identifying high-quality, fundamentally strong stocks and holding them untouched for at least 10 years.

10. The Total Money Makeover

The book was first published in 2003 and was written by Dave Ramsey. The book provides steps to get out of debt and build wealth. Ramsey emphasizes that successful money management is 80% behavior and the remaining 20% consists of knowledge. The author discusses a “Debt Snowball” method of repaying their smallest debts first, building momentum towards saving and investing, allowing you to eliminate debt and achieve financial freedom.

Why should one read Personal Finance Books?

There are various reasons why one should read a personal finance book, a few of which are mentioned below:

Avoiding Debt Traps: Reading books allows you to manage your debt efficiently. These books can help you reduce debt, create realistic budgets and build a more secure financial future.
Long Term Wealth Creation: Reading books helps you create wealth over a while by teaching you the importance of disciplined investing.
Change in Mindset: Many people avoid investing early in life, missing out on substantial gains from the power of compounding. Books help them in understanding the concept of compounding.
Financial Freedom: Reading books regularly allows you to attain financial freedom at an early stage and provides you with peace of mind.

Conclusion

While earning money is challenging, managing it wisely requires even greater skill and discipline. Many seasoned investors have shared their experiences through books, offering valuable insights on navigating the market and aligning your investments with your financial goals and risk tolerance. However, it’s important to remember that these books provide general guidance and should not be seen as direct investment advice. Always consult a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which is the best book on personal finance?
There are various books available through which one can learn the art of investing; however, one can start with “The Intelligent Investor” written by Benjamin Graham.
Is there any book that can help me get out of debt?
Yes, books like “The Total Money Makeover” focus on budgeting and managing your debt.
Do I need to have a financial background to read personal finance books?
No, you do not need to have a financial background to understand the concepts discussed in the personal finance books, as they are written in simple language and explain the concept through real-world examples.
Where can I purchase personal finance books?
One can purchase personal finance books on online platforms such as Amazon, Audible, and Google Play Books.
Is there any personal finance book specifically for the Indian audience?
Yes, there are various books written by various authors that can help an Indian investor in understanding the concepts of personal finance. Examples of such books are “Coffee Can Investing”, “Think and Grow Rich”, etc.

July 14, 2025

Ketan Parekh Scam Explained: K-10 Stocks, Front-Running, and Lessons for Investors

The Indian securities market has witnessed several cases of large-scale manipulation over the years, and one of the most notorious among them is the K-10 scam, masterminded by stockbroker Ketan Parekh. This scam not only shook investor confidence but also wiped out an estimated ₹30,000 to ₹40,000 crore in investor wealth.

In this blog, we will give you an overview of who Ketan Parekh is and how he conducted scams in the Indian Market, leading to massive losses for Indian investors.

Who was Ketan Parekh and What was the K-10 scam?

Ketan Parekh was a stockbroker and was associated with NH Securities. He was also an associate of Harshad Mehta, who was a key figure behind the 1992 securities market scam. He was involved in a scam, which was also known as the “K-10 Stocks Scam”. In this scam, he identified 10 stocks that generally have low liquidity and manipulated their prices. He borrowed funds from Madhavpura Mercantile Cooperative Bank, created artificial demand, and generated hype in the media regarding these 10 stocks. He also conducted circular trading in which the buying and selling of stocks is conducted between related parties.

The stocks which were selected by Ketan were related to the IT and media sectors. In the pump and dump strategy adopted by Ketan Parekh, the prices of those 10 stocks were inflated artificially, and when the retail investor purchased those stocks, they were dumped by him.

How was the Ketan Parekh Scam Exposed?

The scam was exposed when the Securities and Exchange Board of India noticed some unusual price movements in a few selected stock prices. When the case was investigated by the SEBI, it was found that Parekh had taken a huge loan from the Madhavpura Mercantile Cooperative Bank. SEBI traced the circular trading between the Parekh firm and linked brokers.

Impact on the Securities market after the Ketan Parekh Scam

The stock market crashed after the 2001 Union Budget because the K-10 stocks crashed. Around 30 to 40 thousand crore of investor wealth was wiped out during such a correction. Retail investors faced a huge setback and lost faith in the market.

Another Scam by Ketan Parekh

After the 2001 K-10 scam, Ketan Parekh was barred from participating in the securities market. But despite this, he was involved in another front-running scam. A front-running scam is an illegal practice in which someone with insider information executes trades, through which they earn profit from the anticipated price movement a large order will cause.

Let’s understand the front running with an example: when a large buyer is about to execute a large trade, the front runners purchase the stock at a lower price and then sell it once the order is placed by the big buyer; thereby selling at a higher price and realizing quick profits. From this whole process, Ketan Parekh gained around ₹65.7 crore between 2021 and June 2023.

How was this Scam Exposed?

In early 2025, SEBI uncovered a sophisticated front-running operation led by Ketan Parekh, netting him approximately ₹65.7 crore. Parekh leveraged insider information, leaked by a Singapore-based intermediary about large institutional trades. Acting on real-time intelligence, his network placed strategic early trades ahead of these orders. As the institutional transactions hit the market and prices shifted, Parekh’s team swiftly profited. The investigation revealed a complex scheme involving multi-tiered trading structures, covert communications (via burner phones and WhatsApp), and even informal cash settlements.

SEBI tracked over 10 mobile numbers, which were saved under various names, including Jack, Boss, John, and Bhai, among others. By analyzing these calls and hotel check-ins, SEBI traced Ketan Parekh’s trading activities. SEBI’s fast, multi-location raids resulted in interim trading bans on Ketan Parekh and 10 other entities and ₹65.7 crore in liability against Parekh.

SEBI banned Ketan Parekh and 2 others from accessing the securities market and froze their trading accounts.

Lesson for Investors

There are certain lessons that an investor should learn from the scam of Ketan Parekh. A few such lessons are as follows:

Do not follow the trend: Generally, investors follow stocks that are hyped because of their constant rise in prices.
Stocks Trading at Upper Circuits: As an investor, it is advised to avoid stocks that constantly trade at upper circuits.
Low Liquidity: Generally, stocks that have low volume are easy to manipulate; therefore, one should avoid investing in stocks that have low liquidity.
Company Financials: Before investing in any stock, through research should be conducted, including an analysis of the company’s revenue, profits, debt, and other key financial metrics.

Conclusion

On a concluding note, we all know that investment in shares or equity helps us create wealth in the long run, but due to certain scams, such as the K-10 scam, investors lose confidence in the financial markets. Investors must stay vigilant, focus on strong fundamentals, and avoid shortcuts that promise quick gains. Always remember: informed, disciplined investing is the key to success. Therefore, it is advised to consult your investment advisor before making any investment decision.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who is Ketan Parekh?
Ketan Parekh is a former trader and investor who initially worked as a stockbroker in the Indian stock market. He was involved in two scams, the first one known as the K-10 Stocks Scam, and the second was a front-running case.
What is front-running?
Front-running is an illegal practice in which a trader buys specific securities before a large order is placed in those securities based on insider information. When the big orders are placed, the investor sells those securities at a higher price and makes illegal profits from it.
What are the major actions taken by SEBI against Ketan Parekh?
SEBI has barred Ketan Parekh from accessing the securities market and instructed him to return ₹65.7 crore earned illegally.
How can investors protect themselves from scams like Ketan Parekh’s?
Investors should research thoroughly, avoid hype-driven or low-liquidity stocks, focus on strong fundamentals, diversify investments, and consult a trusted advisor to reduce the risk of falling for scams.
Is Ketan Parekh still alive?
Yes, Ketan Parekh is still alive, and he is being investigated by SEBI in a new front running case.
Where is Ketan Parekh now?
Ketan Parekh is alive, recently arrested in 2025 for a ₹130 crore fraud. He is banned from the stock market, with his accounts frozen, and is currently in legal custody.

July 12, 2025

Best Banks for Savings Accounts in India 2025

If you’re thinking about securing your future and building healthy financial habits, the first step is opening a good savings bank account. It’s like the foundation of a stable financial future, where your salary comes in, where you keep your emergency fund, and where you begin cultivating the discipline of saving and investing.

But with so many banks offering savings accounts in India, it is easy to feel lost. Some banks offer higher interest rates, some give better digital services, and some just have branches everywhere you look.

In this blog, we will discuss the banks with the best savings accounts in India, not just mentioning their names, but also sharing a bit about their history, what they are known for, and who they are best suited for.

List of Best Savings Bank Accounts in India

Company	Current Market Price (in ₹)	Market Capitalization (In ₹ Crores)	52-Week High (In ₹)	52-Week Low (In ₹)	Current Savings A/c Interest Rate
HDFC Bank	2,005	15,37,072	2,027	1,588	2.50%
SBI	812	7,24,679	899	680	2.50%
ICICI Bank	1,430	10,20,382	1,472	1,153	2.50%
Kotak Mahindra Bank	2,145	4,26,425	2,302	1,679	2.75%
Axis Bank	1,173	3,63,738	1,340	934	2.50%
Bank Of Baroda	242	1,25,250	274	191	2.70% to 4.50%
Punjab National Bank	111	1,27,457	129	85.5	2.70% to 3.00%
Union Bank Of India	151	1,15,420	159	101	2.75% to 3.55%
IDBI Bank	102	1,09,459	108	65.9	2.60% to 3.10%
Canara Bank	114	1,03,133	119	78.6	2.55% to 4.00%

(Data as of 3 July, 2025)

Note: Higher rates generally apply only to balances above a certain slab. Check official websites of banks for accurate information.

Overview of Banks with the Best Savings Bank Account

An overview of the banks with the best savings bank accounts is given below:

1. HDFC Bank

HDFC Bank was set up in 1994 and quickly became one of the biggest names in Indian private banking. Known for its professional service, excellent digital products, and wide reach, HDFC is especially popular among salaried professionals and urban customers.

Their mobile app and internet banking services are among the best in the industry. Plus, they offer a wide range of savings account types, including specialised accounts for kids, seniors, and high-net-worth individuals.

Read Also: HDFC Bank Case Study

2. State Bank of India

SBI is not just the biggest bank in India; it is a part of Indian culture. Its roots go back to 1806 when it was known as the Bank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in India. It became the State Bank of India in 1955 after merging with several other banks. With over 22,000 branches nationwide, it is often the default bank for millions of Indians.

If you prefer traditional banking with access to a physical branch almost anywhere in India, SBI is a reliable pick. It is also great for receiving government subsidies and pension payments. The YONO app brings in a decent digital experience too.

Read Also: SBI Case Study

3.ICICI Bank

Since it was established in 1994, ICICI Bank has developed into one of the top private banks in India. With its iMobile Pay app, which is known as one of the most feature-rich banking apps available today, it continues to innovate and was among the first banks in India to concentrate on digital banking.

ICICI is a great option if you enjoy easy online transactions, integrated bill payments, and cashback incentives on debit card purchases.

Read Also: ICICI Bank Case Study

4. Kotak Mahindra Bank

Kotak Mahindra Bank started as a financial services company in 1985 and got its banking license in 2003. It shook up the industry with the launch of Kotak 811, India’s first zero-balance fully digital savings account.

With zero balance requirement and a fast, online account opening process, Kotak 811 is perfect if you want to skip branch visits entirely. Also, their interest rates are slightly better than some larger private banks.

5. Axis Bank

Originally called UTI Bank, Axis Bank came into existence in 1993 and has slowly but steadily built a strong customer base across India. It’s well known for its premium banking services under the Burgundy banner.

The Axis ASAP account makes it easy to open an account online. Also, they often have cashback or reward point offers linked to their debit and credit cards.

Read Also: Axis Bank Case Study

6. Bank of Baroda

Bank of Baroda was founded in 1908 in Baroda (now Vadodara, Gujarat). It is one of the largest public sector banks in India. In 2019, BoB merged with Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank, strengthening its national footprint.

It’s often chosen by those who want PSU-bank reliability with slightly better tech integration compared to older PSU peers.

7. Punjab National Bank

Lala Lajpat Rai and other visionaries during India’s freedom movement established PNB in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1894. It is currently among the largest public sector banks in India.

PNB increased its asset size even further in 2020 through mergers with United Bank of India and Oriental Bank of Commerce.

8. Union Bank of India

In 1919, Mahatma Gandhi himself inaugurated the Union Bank. It was only medium sized for many years, but in 2020, it merged with Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank to become much larger.

9. IDBI Bank

In 1964, IDBI Bank was founded as a development financial institution, and in 2004, it became a commercial bank. Its historical contribution to the expansion of India’s industrial sector makes it important, even though it is smaller than the other banks on this list.

Since LIC (Life Insurance Corporation of India) now owns a majority stake in IDBI, the company has been concentrating on revamping itself in recent years.

10. Canara Bank

Canara Bank is one of the oldest PSU banks in India, having been founded in Mangalore (now in Karnataka) in 1906. After merging with Syndicate Bank in 2020, it significantly increased the size of its network throughout southern India. The bank uses a conventional PSU strategy to enhance digital services after the merger and is considered highly for financial products related to the government.

Factors to Consider before Choosing a Savings Bank Account

Let’s quickly talk about what you should look for before selecting a savings bank account:

Interest Rate on Savings: This is the rate at which your money will grow. Higher is better, especially if you maintain larger balances.
Minimum Balance Requirement: While some accounts have no minimum balance, others may need ₹5,000, ₹10,000, or more.
Fees & Charges for Banking: Check hidden fees for debit card issuance, SMS alerts, or ATM withdrawals.
Digital Experience: A good mobile banking app and net banking service make your life a lot easier, especially for bill payments, UPI, and fund transfers.
ATM/Branch Network: Especially important if you still prefer visiting branches or need frequent cash withdrawals.
Extra Benefits: Cashback offers, linked credit cards, or accidental insurance coverage can add real value.

How to Open a Savings Account Online

You can open a savings account online by following the steps mentioned below:

Pick your bank and account type
Fill out the application form with your PAN number, Aadhaar number, and other details
Do a quick Video KYC with a bank official.
Your account will usually be opened in 24-48 hours after verification
Download the app and start using your account

Conclusion

Ultimately, choosing a savings account involves more than just deciding where to keep your money; it also involves deciding how you want to handle it. If you’re looking for ease and the convenience of a nearby branch, choose reliable banks such as SBI or PNB as they have branches everywhere. If you prefer seamless digital banking services, then Kotak, ICICI Bank, or HDFC Bank are the best. The most crucial thing is to get started, open a savings account, develop saving habits, and let your money work for you.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which bank gives the highest interest on savings?
Banks like Canara Bank and Union Bank give a relatively higher rate of interest on savings accounts. Always check the minimum balance required as a higher interest rate may be applicable on higher amounts.
Is it safe to open an account online?
Yes, if you do it through official bank websites or apps. They are regulated by the RBI and are safe.
Can I have more than one savings account?
Of course! There is no limit, and sometimes it makes sense to have different accounts for different purposes.
What’s the best zero-balance account?
Kotak Mahindra Bank 811 Digital Savings Account is one of the most popular zero-balance accounts, but always check the features of savings accounts offered by other banks before opening an account.
Are small finance banks safe?
Small finance banks are regulated by the RBI, and your deposits are insured up to ₹5 lakh by DICGC, just like in bigger banks. However, they may have fewer branches and ATMs.

July 11, 2025

How to Open a Swiss Bank Account in 2025

Switzerland is renowned as a major global financial center, with Swiss banks famous for their strong privacy and strict confidentiality laws. These banks attract individuals and companies worldwide who value security and discretion for their wealth. But many people don’t know how to open a Swiss Bank Account.

In this blog, we will explain to you the procedure to open a Swiss Bank account.

What is a Swiss Bank Account?

A Swiss Bank is a financial institution situated in Switzerland, and is known for its privacy, strict laws, and secrecy. Accounts in these banks are generally opened by the person who seeks confidentiality and security. The Swiss Bank Law of 1934 states that it is a criminal offence for a bank to declare the details of a client to any other entity or person.

A Swiss bank is a global bank known for its exceptional security and secrecy. According to the Swiss Banking Law of 1934, it is illegal for a Swiss bank to reveal the identity of its account holders. However, Swiss banks did lose some transparency as a result of pressure from other countries. In addition to this, Swiss Bank complies with global banking and anti-money laundering laws. Hence, in the recent past, they are refusing to take on customers who are unable to show sufficient evidence of their wealth or income.

Types of Swiss Bank Accounts

The various types of Swiss Bank accounts are as follows:

Personal Account: This account is opened by an individual for their personal use and doing daily transactions. It generally includes savings and a current account. One can receive salary and other incomes in this account and make payments of bills, etc., using this account.
Business Account: This account is opened by companies and is generally used for holding investments or to conduct day to day transactions. This account offers a special kind of service, such as trade finance, treasury management, etc.
Numbered Account: In this type of account, the account holder’s name is replaced by a number to enhance privacy, and only a few senior bank officials know the true identity of the holder. However, Swiss law requires the bank to maintain proper identification records, and the holder’s details can be disclosed to authorities in cases involving tax treaties or legal investigations.
Custody Account: This account is generally opened by the individual to manage their investments, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc. They can either manage them directly or with the help of a wealth manager. This account is also known as an investment account.
Dormant Account: If this account remains inactive for more than 10 years, then the funds will be transferred to the Swiss state.

How to Open an Account in a Swiss Bank?

To open a Swiss Bank account, one can follow the steps mentioned below:

Type of Account: The first step is to identify the type of account which you want to open. As we have already mentioned, there are various types of accounts, like a personal account, a numbered account, etc.
Selecting the Bank: Various Swiss banks offer the service of opening a bank account, like UBS Group, Julius Baer, etc. One should choose a bank based on the services and charges of the bank.
Arranging Documents: Various types of documents are required to open a Swiss Bank account. The documents include a passport, address proof, source of funds, etc.
Application: Once the documents are arranged successfully, submit an application to open a Swiss bank account along with the supporting documents.
Verification: The Swiss bank officials review the documents and upon successful verification, your account is opened.
Deposit: Once the process is completed, the initial amount can be deposited into the bank account.

Read Also: 10 Best Bank Penny Stocks List

Features of a Swiss Bank Account

The key features of a Swiss Bank Account are as follows:

1. Privacy: An account in a Swiss Bank offers confidentiality and secrecy to its customers.

2. Stability: Switzerland has a history of political and economic stability and has a well-regulated banking system.

3. Investment Options: Swiss Bank offers its customers various investment options along with banking.

4. Minimum Deposit: An account in a Swiss Bank can be opened with a minimum deposit of a few thousand dollars; however, this amount varies across different banks and depends on the type of account you want to open.

Advantages of a Swiss Bank Account

There are significant advantages to opening a Swiss bank account:

Privacy: Having a bank account in a Swiss Bank provides a high level of security, as Swiss banks are famous for maintaining strict confidentiality.
Banking Services: Swiss Bank offers a wide range of services to its customers and are known for their personalised banking services.
International Reputation: Switzerland as a country is well known for its regulatory standards and has a well-regulated financial system.
Advisory Services: Swiss Bank also offers tailored investment advisory services, portfolio management services to its customers.

Disadvantages of a Swiss Bank Account

The various disadvantages of having a Swiss Bank account are as follows:

Minimum Balance: One is required to maintain a minimum balance in their Swiss Bank account, which can be between a few thousand dollars to a few million dollars, making it unsuitable for individuals with a low income.
Limited Privacy: Now, with the change in international treaties, the Swiss Banks’ privacy standards have been lowered over time.
Low Interest Rate: Swiss Bank offers a low interest rate on the deposits made by customers.
Annual Maintenance Fee: The bank charges high annual maintenance fees from its customers, whether they use banking facilities or not.

Conclusion

On a concluding note, Swiss Bank accounts offer a high level of privacy to their customers as no one can access the data of their customers. As per the law, it is a criminal offence for banks to disclose their customers’ information. But in the recent past, due to international treaties, the Swiss banks did share the details of the customer with the respective authorities. Hence, the privacy usually associated with having a bank account in a Swiss bank has decreased a little over the past few years. One must consult their tax advisor before opening a Swiss Bank account.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can an NRI open a Swiss Bank Account?
Yes, a Non-Resident Individual can open a Swiss Bank account.
Is it legal to open a Swiss Bank account?
Yes, it is legal to open a Swiss Bank Account; however, it is essential to follow all the regulatory guidelines laid down by the concerned authorities, such as the RBI, etc.
Do I need to travel to Switzerland to get the Swiss Bank account opened?
While initial applications may start online, almost all Swiss banks require in-person or video verification, and extensive documentation for source of funds.
What are the types of Swiss Bank accounts?
The various types of Swiss Bank accounts are as personal or current account, savings account, numbered account, etc.
Does the Swiss Bank pay interest?
Yes, the Swiss bank pays interest. However, the interest rate depends on the type of bank account.
What is the Swiss bank account opening minimum balance?
The Swiss Bank account opening minimum balance differs from bank to bank and it can vary from a few thousand dollars to millions of dollars.

July 10, 2025

Indian Stock Market Scams: Biggest StockMarket Frauds in India

You most likely picture opportunity, wealth, and perhaps even a little thrill when you think of the Indian stock market. While the market has indeed offered investors incredible growth opportunities over the decades, it also has a darker side, marked by major frauds driven by greed, flaws, and a lack of oversight.

This blog will examine five of the largest stock market scams in India, the kind that shook the country’s financial markets, destroyed savings, and significantly altered people’s perspective on investing.

Understanding Stock Market Scams

A stock market scam is an event when someone manipulates the system to make a significant profit, generally at the expense of common investors. It might involve manipulating the financial statements, driving up share prices and selling them off , or using insider information to get an advantage.

Let us move on to the next part: the largest stock market frauds that India has ever witnessed.

List of Major Stock Market Scams – Timeline

SCAM	TIMELINE
The Harshad Mehta Scam	1992
The Ketan Parekh Scam	2001
Satyam Scam	2009
NSEL Scam	2013
Karvy Scam	2019

Overview of Biggest Stock Market Scams

1. The Harshad Mehta Scam

Harshad Mehta was a stock market tycoon in the 1980s. Known as the “Big Bull,” he illegally obtained about ₹3,500 crore from banks using a network of fake bank receipts and fraudulent transactions, and then invested this money to manipulate stock prices. He made huge profits by driving up stock prices with the money, but everything fell apart in 1992.

The Sensex crashed when the scam was exposed, costing thousands of investors their hard-earned money. The shock was so profound that it forever changed the financial landscape of India. Regulations became stricter, and SEBI, the market regulator, gained more authority. You have most likely seen the well-known television show Scam 1992 if this story sounds familiar. Indeed, the series is based on real-life events.

2. The Ketan Parekh Scam

A few years later, Ketan Parekh, a chartered accountant who later became a market manipulator, enters the picture. He was drawn to a variety of small-cap stocks, primarily in the media and technology sectors; these became known as “K-10 stocks.” To increase prices, Ketan borrowed large sums of money from banks and engaged in circular trading, which is the practice of buying and selling among friends to create demand. He made lots of money by selling his shares when prices were at their highest.

However, the bubble popped as usual at a time when India’s technological innovation boom was beginning to gain momentum. The scam, which was valued at over ₹40,000 crore, shook investor confidence and caused another market crash. One more example of how hype of investing in popular stocks that seems too good to be true can backfire.

3. The Satyam Scam

This one focused more on the implications of a company lying about its financial statements than it did on the stock market itself.

The well-known IT company Satyam Computers had been falsifying its financial statements for years. Ramalinga Raju, the founder, acknowledged inflating cash balances and profits by ₹7,000 crore.

The company showed fake numbers for years in an attempt to lure in investors while keeping a high stock price. It is one of the largest corporate scams India had ever witnessed, and once the truth was revealed Satyam’s share price collapsed.

In an instant move, the government brought in Tech Mahindra to take control and cleaned up the mess. India’s corporate governance regulations were also strengthened as a result of this controversy, making it more difficult, though not impossible, to repeat such behaviour.

Read Also: Satyam Scam Case Study

4. NSEL Scam

The National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) scam included fraudulent commodity trades and questionable claims of large profits.

NSEL provided a trading platform for commodities such as grains, sugar, and so forth. However, it quickly became apparent that the trades were largely fraudulent and that no actual goods were being used to support them. The brokers misled investors by promising them fixed returns. When it came time for payouts, investors lost both their money and the underlying asset they had invested in.

A total of ₹5,600 crore was lost by about 13,000 investors. The fraud revealed major shortcomings in the regulations governing commodity markets. SEBI and other organisations were forced to intervene and implement more stringent regulations as a result.

5. The Karvy Scam

The reason this scam was so shocking was that Karvy was a well-known name in stock broking. Karvy was using client shares without authorization. They were pledging these shares to raise loans and make investments somewhere else, rather than simply transferring shares to the investor’s demat account. This violated both SEBI’s regulations and fundamental morality, which resulted in a loss of ₹2,000 crore to investors.

In a swift move, SEBI tightened rules on how brokers handle investor funds and shares and prohibited Karvy from onboarding new customers. This scam served as a warning to common investors that not all well-known companies can be blindly trusted.

Evolution of Regulatory Bodies

The evolution of the regulatory environment concerning stock market has been evaluated below:

1. Technology-Driven Monitoring System

These days, stock exchanges and regulators use advanced technology to keep an eye on market activity in real time. Automated systems are in place to identify suspicious trading patterns, such as unusual volumes or a sharp increase in the stock price. These warnings can immediately lead to additional investigations.

For instance, these systems quickly pick up on attempts to manipulate a stock through repeated buy-sell activity or circular trading. Additionally, it is now more difficult to create multiple or fraudulent accounts due to stricter KYC (Know Your Customer) regulations and PAN-based authentication.

2. The Role of Media and Whistleblowers

The media plays an important role in bringing shady practices to light. They helped in identifying warning signs before things got out of control, whether through newspapers, online news sources, or even social media accounts dedicated to financial transparency.

Whistleblowers are employees who disclose unethical activity. Over the years, scams have been exposed because insiders came forward. Now that SEBI has a formal whistleblower policy, informants are protected and more people are encouraged to come forward.

It’s crucial for investors to differentiate fact from fiction because the media occasionally exaggerates news, which can lead to panic or unnecessary speculation.

However, there are still some gaps in the system, even with stricter regulations and technological assistance, and scammers always come up with innovative ways to get around it.

For example:

There are still occasional stories of company officials engaging in insider trading.

It is unlawful for certain smaller, unregistered advisory firms to make promises of guaranteed returns.

Fake websites or fake trading apps imitate authentic ones in order to deceive investors of their money or personal information.

Additionally, there is an increase in services offering stock market tips from claimed experts who use false screenshots and success stories to confuse unaware retail investors.

Conclusion

Even though scams discussed above may appear to be something of the past, fresh versions continue to appear in various forms. The risks haven’t disappeared—they’ve simply changed, whether it’s through sceptical YouTube suggestions, anonymous Telegram groups, or social media hype.

Ultimately, successful investing requires common sense, research, and patience. If something appears unusual, it most likely is. The best course of action is to remain cautious, curious, and never stop learning. It is advised to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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4	BluSmart Shutdown & Gensol Scam

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which Harshad Mehta scam happened?
The Harshad Mehta scam happened in 1992.
How do I recognise a doubtful stock tip?
If someone pushes you to “act fast,” hypes up penny stocks, or promises huge profits quickly, it can be considered a risky investment or even fraudulent tip.
How did SEBI respond to these significant frauds?
With more regulations, more intelligent tracking systems, and stricter control of advisors, firms, and brokers, SEBI became more stringent.
Can my demat account be tampered with by my broker?
There are regulations to prevent them from doing so. However, as demonstrated in the Karvy scam, it is still wise to monitor your portfolio on a regular basis.
What should I do if I suspect a scam?
Do not panic. You can speak with your broker’s compliance team or report it to SEBI via their SCORES portal.

July 10, 2025

Best Health Insurance Plans in India 2025

We have all heard the saying, “Health is wealth.” However, the cost of medical treatments has risen rapidly in recent years. In such a situation, having a good health insurance plan acts as a financial safety net for families. Just having a policy is not enough — it is important to choose the right policy that truly helps at the time of need.

This blog compares the best health insurance policies in India, so that it is easy to understand which plan is the best among the existing options.

What is Health Insurance?

Health insurance is an insurance coverage that covers the costs associated with health treatment by the insurance company. It includes expenses such as hospitalization, operations, medicines, diagnostic tests, and sometimes even home care. The policyholder pays a fixed premium to keep the policy active and these expenses can be reimbursed through a claim if needed.

In today’s time when treatment of every disease can become a burden on the pocket, health insurance has become an essential safety net. Especially when many insurance companies are now also offering facilities like digital claim process, cashless treatment and customized plans. Along with this, the benefit of tax saving is also available, which makes it a practical and important investment.

Top 10 Best Health Insurance Plans in India (2025)

S.No	Health Insurance Plan	Sum Insured Range
1	HDFC ERGO Optima Restore	₹5L – ₹50L
2	Niva Bupa Health Companion	₹3L – ₹1 Cr
3	Star Health Comprehensive	₹5L – ₹1 Cr
4	Care Health Insurance	₹3L – ₹6 Cr
5	ICICI Lombard Health AdvantEdge	₹5L – ₹50L
6	Aditya Birla Activ Health Platinum	₹2L – ₹2 Cr
7	Tata AIG MediCare Premier	₹5L – ₹3 Cr
8	Reliance Health Infinity	₹5L – ₹5 Cr
9	Bajaj Allianz Health Guard	₹1.5L – ₹50L
10	ManipalCigna ProHealth Prime	₹2.5L – ₹1 Cr

An overview of the best health insurance plans in India is given below:

1. HDFC ERGO Optima Restore

HDFC ERGO Optima Restore is a popular health insurance plan specially designed for individuals and family floater option. This plan is known for its “Restore Benefit” wherein if the sum insured is exhausted, it is automatically restored without any additional premium. Even in 2025, this plan is very popular among the customers due to its high claim settlement ratio and wide network of hospitals.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹5 lakh to ₹50 lakh
100% restoration after first claim (once per year), with unlimited restore benefit available as optional add-on
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 180 days
No room rent limit (private single AC room covered)
Cashless treatment at 12,000+ hospitals
Lifelong renewability

Key Benefits :

Protection remains even after medical expenses are covered
Coverage for large families in a single policy
Long pre and post hospitalization cover
No room rent cap better treatment facility
Tax benefits available under section 80D

2. Niva Bupa Health Companion

Niva Bupa’s Health Companion plan is a simple yet effective health insurance policy, especially suitable for young couples and nuclear families. Its premium is affordable, and it has many features that make it a useful option for everyday health needs.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹3 lakh to ₹1 crore
Waiting Period or Pre-Existing Disease (PED): 3 years
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 180 days
No room rent capping
Cashless facility in 10,000+ network hospitals
Direct claim settlement – no TPA involved
Annual health check-up included

Key Benefits :

Complete coverage without any room rent limit
Fast and transparent claim process
Health check-up facility every year
Single policy for all family members
Tax exemption as well as peace of mind

3. Star Health Comprehensive Insurance :

Star Health’s Comprehensive Plan is specially designed for those who have long-term health problems or who are senior citizens. This policy has a low initial waiting period and many critical illnesses are covered from the first year itself. Its acceptance and claim settlement ratio in 2025 has been very strong in the market.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹5 lakh to ₹1 crore
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 90 days
PED Waiting Period 1 to 2 years (as per insured age)
Daycare treatments: 600+
No capping on disease-wise limits
Lifelong renewability
Free annual health check-up

Key Benefits :

Suitable for senior citizens and critically ill
Easy access to PED coverage
Coverage of multiple day-care treatments
Treatment without sub-limit
Fast and reliable claim settlement

4. Care Health Insurance

This plan from Care Health Insurance (formerly known as Religare) is perfect for those who want a high coverage, flexible and customizable policy for their entire family. This policy in 2025 is quite popular due to its comprehensive coverage and global health option. Add-ons like OPD, maternity and critical illness can also be added to it.

Key Features :

Sum Insured: ₹3 lakh to ₹6 crore
Pre-Hospitalization: 30 days
Post-Hospitalization: 60 days
PED Waiting Period: 4 years
Global treatment add-on available
No upper age limit for entry
21,100+ network hospitals
Annual health check-up included

Key Benefits:

Suitable for large families or those looking for high coverage
Global coverage for advanced treatment
Can buy policy at any age without any age limit
Highest number of network hospitals
Many options to customize as per your need

5. ICICI Lombard Health AdvantEdge

ICICI Lombard’s Health AdvantEdge Plan is a high-end health insurance policy suitable for those looking for global coverage, critical illness protection, and advanced medical facilities. This plan is quite popular in 2025 due to its unlimited sum restore, OPD coverage, and wellness benefits.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹5 lakh to ₹50 lakh
Unlimited Sum Insured Restoration (multiple times/year)
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 180 days
Global healthcare coverage (optional add-on)
OPD, wellness, mental health coverage included
PED Waiting Period: 2 years
Cashless access to 11,000+ hospitals

Key Benefits:

Perfect for critical illnesses or high-cost treatments
Sum restored even if you make multiple claims in a year
OPD and wellness features care for the whole family
Advanced coverage like mental health and global treatments
Fast and paperless claim process

6. Aditya Birla Activ Health Platinum

Aditya Birla’s Activ Health Platinum plan is a health insurance that is not just limited to treatment, but also promotes fitness and prevention. In 2025, this policy is a better option especially for those who are suffering from chronic conditions like diabetes, high BP or follow a healthy lifestyle and want to get rewards in return.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹2 lakh to ₹2 crore
Chronic Management Program for diabetes, hypertension
HealthReturns reward points for fitness activities
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 180 days
Daycare procedures: 586+
PED Waiting Period: 2–3 years
Annual health check-up for all members

Key Benefits:

Rewards and premium discounts for staying healthy
Chronic Disease Management Program prevention before treatment
Long pre and post hospitalization cover
A plan designed with both family protection and fitness incentives in mind.
Improvement in lifestyle health along with tax benefits

7. Tata AIG MediCare Premier

Tata AIG MediCare Premier is a comprehensive health insurance plan suitable for those who want treatment coverage not only in India but also abroad. The popularity of this policy in 2025 has increased because it also offers facilities like global coverage, organ donor cover, maternity benefits and air ambulance – that too without any room rent limit.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹5 lakh to ₹3 crore
Global cover for 11 critical illnesses (selected plans)
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 90 days
Maternity & newborn baby cover included
Organ donor expenses covered
No room rent restriction (private AC room)
PED Waiting Period: 3 years
Cashless facility in 7,200+ network hospitals

Key Benefits:

Treatment facility abroad for 11 critical illnesses
Coverage on pregnancy and childbirth too
No room rent limit no compromise in treatment
Premium facilities like air ambulance and donor cover
Suitable for high net worth individuals and travelers

8. Reliance Health Infinity

Reliance Health Infinity is a modern and advanced health insurance plan that offers all kinds of facilities from OPD to air ambulance and maternity. In 2025, this plan is being liked a lot among those users who want their insurance to be not just limited to hospitalization but also cover day-to-day health expenses.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹5 lakh to ₹5 crore
OPD cover & unlimited doctor consultations (optional)
Air ambulance cover included
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 90 days
PED Waiting Period: 3 years
Recharge of Sum Insured (up to 5 times/year)
Global emergency cover available (optional)
Wellness benefits & reward points

Key Benefits:

Daily health expenses like OPD and medicines also covered
Facility of Air Ambulance and Emergency Global Coverage
Facility of Sum Insured Recharge – Cover remains even after claim
Rewards on fitness and wellness activities
Ideal plan for high coverage and custom add-on options

9. Bajaj Allianz Health Guard

Bajaj Allianz Health Guard is a simple, affordable and reliable health insurance plan designed to provide financial protection in case of medical emergencies. The plan is available in both individual and family options and is known for its fast claim processing and customer support in 2025.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹1.5 lakh to ₹50 lakh
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 90 days
PED Waiting Period: 4 years
Daycare procedures: 500+
Free preventive health check-up every 3 years
Ambulance cover up to ₹20,000/year
Maternity and newborn cover (optional)
8,000+ network hospitals

Key Benefits:

Suitable for small families and mid-income group
Preventive health check-ups promote long-term health care.
Fast and paperless claim settlement
Option of good coverage while staying within budget
Optional maternity benefits ideal for those planning a family

10. ManipalCigna ProHealth Prime

ManipalCigna ProHealth Prime is a modern and innovative health insurance plan designed specifically for tech-savvy users and those who like custom features. This policy comes with a “Switch Off” feature, which allows you to save premiums for the period when you are abroad or when you do not need coverage. This plan in 2025 is in the news due to its flexibility and digital friendly features.

Key Features:

Sum Insured: ₹2.5 lakh to ₹1 crore
Switch Off feature can temporarily pause the policy
Unlimited Restoration of Sum Insured
Pre-Hospitalization: 60 days
Post-Hospitalization: 180 days
OPD & non-medical expenses covered (with add-on)
PED Waiting Period: 2 years
Preventive health check-ups included

Key Benefits:

Best option for tech-savvy and traveler customers
Can save premium by “switching off” the coverage when not needed
Provides coverage for OPD and certain non-medical expenses as well.
Unlimited Restoration coverage remains even on repeated claims
Fully customizable smart health insurance plan

Key Factors to Consider Before Buying a Health Insurance Plan

Some of the key factors to consider before buying a Health Insurance plan are listed below:

What should be the sum insured : Considering the rising cost of treatment, coverage of ₹10 lakh or more has become a necessity today. A high sum insured plan is better for people living in big cities and private hospitals.
Cashless hospital network : It is more beneficial to choose a plan that has more network hospitals, especially in your city. This makes the claim process easier and faster.
Claim settlement ratio : The reliability of any health insurance depends on its claim settlement history. Choosing a health insurance plan with a claim settlement ratio of 95% or above is a safe option.
Pre-existing disease cover and waiting period : If you already have a pre-existing disease, check how long the plan requires you to wait before it covers it. A plan with a shorter waiting period is always better.
NCB, Room Rent Limit and Add-on Benefits : No Claim Bonus (NCB) increases the coverage every year. On the other hand, a plan without a room rent limit is more flexible. Also look for add-ons like maternity, OPD and health checkup.

How to Choose the Right Health Insurance Policy for You?

An individual should consider the below mentioned factors to choose the right health insurance policy:

Consider age and family size : If you are under 30 and don’t have any critical illness in your family history, you can start with a basic plan with lower premiums. But families with children or elderly should choose a floater policy with higher coverage and a shorter waiting period.
Use online comparison and IRDAI data: The IRDAI website provides claim settlement ratio and other information for policies. Also, online comparison tools make it easier to take a decision by looking at premiums, benefits and network hospitals together.
Understand add-ons as per your need: If OPD expenses are high, look for OPD cover. Advanced benefits like critical illness or global treatment also depend on the user’s needs.

Common Mistakes to Avoid While Buying Health Insurance

Some of the common mistakes to avoid while buying health insurance are given below:

Ignoring the waiting period : Most people forget that not all diseases are covered immediately after taking the policy. There is usually a waiting period of 2 to 4 years for pre-existing diseases, which is important to understand beforehand.
Buying a policy with low sum insured : Many times people buy policies with very low coverage to save premium. But today, a sum insured of at least ₹10 lakh has become a basic necessity.
Not paying attention to co-pay and sub-limits : In some policies, the policyholder has to pay a part of the hospital bill himself (co-payment). Similarly, there may be sub-limits on room rent or illness expenses, which become a problem later.
Buying only for tax saving : If health insurance is taken only for the tax benefit of Section 80D, then essential coverage and facilities may be missed. Always choose the policy as per your need and health history.

Conclusion

With medical expenses constantly rising, the right health insurance policy is not just a necessity but a wise decision. Every individual has different needs, some need a family floater, while others may need chronic disease cover. Therefore, it is important to keep in mind the features, claim history and add-on benefits while choosing a policy. The right plan not only takes care of the medical expenses but also gives peace of mind. It is wise to plan today so that any health emergency does not become a financial burden tomorrow.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which is the best health insurance policy in India in 2025?
HDFC ERGO Optima Restore and Niva Bupa Health Companion are the top choices in 2025. However, the ideal plan ultimately depends on an individual’s specific needs and circumstances.
Which medical insurance is best for the family?
Care Health Insurance and Star Health Comprehensive plans are good for families.
What is a good sum insured amount in 2025?
A sum insured of ₹10 lakh or more is considered better in today’s times.
How long is the waiting period for pre-existing diseases?
Most plans have a waiting period of 2 to 4 years.
Can I buy health insurance online in India?
Yes, almost all major insurance companies offer the facility to buy health insurance online.

July 9, 2025

Difference Between ROCE and ROE

To choose the right stock in the share market, it is very important to understand the financial health of the company. Two important ratios ROE (Return on Equity) and ROCE (Return on Capital Employed) help a lot in this. Both these metrics show how profitably the company is using its capital.

It is important for today’s investors to know the true meaning of ROCE and ROE in the share market, how they are different and how to use them.

What is ROE?

ROE, i.e. Return on Equity, tells how much profit the company is making from its shareholders’ money. It is calculated using this formula:

Formula : ROE = Net Profit ÷ Shareholders Equity × 100

If a company has a high ROE, it means that it is using its investors’ capital well. Generally, an ROE of 15% or above is considered good. ROE matters more in sectors where capital requirement is less like technology and finance industry.

Example: Suppose a company has a net profit of ₹50 crore and shareholders equity is ₹250 crore,

Then, ROE = (50 ÷ 250) × 100 = 20%

This means the company is earning a profit of ₹20 on every ₹100 of capital invested by shareholders. So, ROE is an important metric, especially when it comes to long term investing.

What is ROCE?

ROCE stands for Return on Capital Employed. ROCE shows how much a company has earned using its total capital resources (i.e. equity + debt). This metric is especially important for capital intensive companies that rely on both debt and shareholder’s equity to earn profits.

Formula : ROCE = (EBIT ÷ Capital Employed) × 100

where, EBIT = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes.

Example : If a company has EBIT of ₹60 crores and total capital of ₹300 crores, then ROCE will be 20%.

ROCE = (60 ÷ 300) × 100 = 20%

Meaning, the company is earning ₹20 from every ₹100 of total capital, indicating its strong financial performance.

ROE vs ROCE : Key Differences

Parameter	ROE (Return on Equity)	ROCE (Return on Capital Employed)
Objective	Measures the return generated on shareholders’ equity	Measures the return generated on total capital employed (equity + debt)
Formula	Net Profit ÷ Shareholders’ Equity × 100	EBIT ÷ (Equity + Debt) × 100
Capital Considered	Only shareholders’ equity	Both shareholders’ equity and borrowed capital (debt)
What It Indicates	How efficiently a company generates profit using owners’ funds	How efficiently a company uses all available capital to generate operating profits
Impact of Debt	High debt can artificially inflate ROE	Debt is included, so it reflects a more accurate financial performance
Best for Sectors	Asset-light sectors like IT and Banking	Capital-intensive sectors like Manufacturing, Infrastructure, Oil & Gas
Reliability	Less reliable in highly leveraged companies	More transparent and reliable across different capital structures
Long-Term Perspective	Can sometimes show better short-term returns	Better suited for long-term performance evaluation, especially for companies with debt

Which Ratio Is Better for Investors?

Let us look at practical applications of these ratios.

1. When is ROE more useful?

ROE matters the most when the company has little or no debt, such as in IT or finance companies. In such cases, this ratio shows how well the company is earning returns on its shareholders’ capital.

2. When is ROCE more reliable?

If the company is in a capital-intensive sector, such as manufacturing, power or infrastructure, ROCE gives a more accurate picture. Because this ratio takes into account both debt and equity and tells how much profit the company is earning from the total capital.

3. Impact of debt on both ratios?

Sometimes ROE looks very good, but the reason for that might be the company’s high debt. ROCE clears this confusion because it also includes debt while calculating returns, which gives an idea of the real efficiency.

4. Why look at both together?

If you are thinking of long term investment, then both ROE and ROCE should be looked at together. ROE shows how much profit the shareholders are getting, while ROCE gives an understanding of how efficiently the company has used all its resources.

Practical Example : Comparing Two Companies

Example: Company A vs Company B – Comparison of ROE and ROCE

Financial Data (₹ in Crores)

Parameter	Company A	Company B
Shareholders’ Equity	₹80 Cr	₹140 Cr
Long-Term Debt	₹120 Cr	₹220 Cr
Capital Employed	₹200 Cr	₹360 Cr

Income Statement Highlights (₹ in Crores) :

Income Statement	Company A	Company B
EBIT	₹50 Cr	₹70 Cr
Interest Expense	₹12 Cr	₹30 Cr
PBT	₹38 Cr	₹40 Cr
Tax	₹8 Cr	₹10 Cr
Net Profit	₹30 Cr	₹30 Cr

ROE = (Net Profit ÷ Shareholders’ Equity ) X 100

Company A: ROE = (30 ÷ 80)X 100 = 37.5%
Company B: ROE = (30 ÷ 140) X 100 = 21.4%

ROCE = (EBIT ÷ Capital Employed ) X 100

Company A ROCE = (50 ÷ 200)X 100 = 25%
Company B ROCE = (70 ÷ 360) X 100 = 19.4%

Company A has a total capital of ₹200 crore (equity of ₹80 crore and loan of ₹120 crore). With this capital, the company earned a great return of 37.5% ROE and 25% ROCE.

Company B has a total capital of ₹360 crore, with equity of ₹140 crore and loan of ₹220 crore, but even then its ROE was only 21.4% and ROCE was 19.4%.

This comparison clearly shows that:

Company A earned more returns with less capital – meaning its business is more effective and capital-efficient.

Company B did not show the same efficiency even after investing more money, meaning the use of capital was not that effective.

Bottom line: Just having a lot of capital is not enough; what matters is how wisely that capital is used.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Some of the common mistakes to avoid while analysing equities using ROCE and ROE are listed below:

Investing just by looking at high ROE : High ROE is not always a good sign. Many times companies take huge loans to show high ROE, which hides the real profitability. That is why it is important to look at ROCE and debt level along with ROE.
Ignoring ROCE, especially in capital-intensive sectors : In companies that invest heavily in assets (such as steel, infrastructure or manufacturing), ROCE matters more. Ignoring it means ignoring the actual efficiency of the company in generating profits.
Looking at data of only one year : Taking a decision by looking at only one year’s ROE or ROCE numbers can be a big mistake. One should always look at trends of 3–5 years to get an idea of consistency and sustainability.
Not comparing with industry average : Every company belongs to a specific industry with some unique characteristics. Technology companies are usually capital-light, while utilities or infrastructure firms require substantial investment. It is important to compare ROE and ROCE with the sector average.
Immediately considering low ROE as negative : Some mature and steady companies may have low ROE, but they give consistent dividends and stable cash flow. In such a situation, do not take investment decisions just by looking at the numbers, also look at the business model and long-term performance.

Conclusion

Both ROCE and ROE show the company’s earning capacity from different perspectives. ROE tells how much return the company is earning from shareholders’ capital, while ROCE shows the returns earned by utilization of the entire capital. It is not right to take a decision by looking at only one ratio. Smart investors identify the real strength of the company by looking at both together. It is essential to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the key difference between ROE and ROCE?
ROE shows the return on equity only, whereas ROCE shows the return on total capital (debt + equity).
Which is better: ROE or ROCE?
Both convey important insights about the company’s performance and must be used together to analyze the company.
Can a company have high ROE but low ROCE?
Yes, this can happen if the company has taken a lot of debt.
Is ROCE important for companies with a lot of debt?
Of course, ROCE shows how much profit the company is earning from its total capital, which includes debt.
How many years of ROE/ROCE data should we analyze?
Consistency of company’s financial performance can be understood by looking at the data of at least 3 to 5 years.

July 8, 2025

20 Side Income Sources Apart From Full-Time Salary

Over the past few quarters, the inflation rate has been consistently declining, due to which there has definitely been relief for the general public, but salaries are stagnant and expenses on luxury items are constantly increasing. At such a time, it is not right to solely depend on one income. This is the reason why people are now looking for side income sources.

In this blog, we will tell you 20 effective and easy ways to earn extra income, which everyone can start along with their job or studies.

Top 20 Side Income Sources

Everyone’s financial objectives and skill sets are different, so here we have divided 20 income ideas into four different categories – so that you can choose the right option for you. Some side income ideas are entirely online, others cater to creative talents, a few involve financial investments, and several can be pursued on weekends or during your free time.

Category	Side Income Idea
Online & Digital	Freelancing (Writing, Design, Tech)Online Tutoring / Course SellingBlogging / YouTube ChannelAffiliate MarketingSelling Digital Products (eBooks, Templates)
Creative & Passion	Stock PhotographyHandmade Crafts / Instagram StoreVoiceover / PodcastingMusic / Dance / Art ClassesReels / Short Video Content
Investment-Based	Stock Market (Dividends, Trading)Rental Income from PropertyMutual Funds / SIPREITsPeer-to-Peer Lending
Offline	Weekend Food Stall / Café Event Photography / VideographyRent out Vehicle / Tools Delivery Partner (Zomato, Swiggy etc.)Fitness / Yoga Classes

Detailed Breakdown: 20 Side Income Ideas You Can Start Today

A detailed breakdown of 20 side income ideas is given below:

1. Freelancing

In today’s digital era, freelancing is a great way to earn extra money from your skills. If you have any skill like writing, designing, coding or video editing, then you can make good money by working part-time for clients.

How to start: Create a profile on websites like Fiverr, Upwork, Freelancer, prepare a portfolio of past work, and start with small projects.
Who is best for: Students, job professionals, housewives and people who want to use extra time properly.

2. Online Tutoring or Selling Courses

If you have a strong hold on a subject like Maths, English, Coding or Finance then you can teach others online or create a self-paced course.

How to start: Take classes from Zoom or Google Meet, or create and upload your course on platforms like Udemy, Unacademy.
Who is better for: Teachers, students, working professionals and subject experts.

3. Blogging or YouTube Channel

If you like writing or making videos, then by starting a blog or YouTube channel can help you gradually earn income from brand collaborations, ads and affiliates.

How to start: Create blogs on WordPress or start making videos by choosing a niche on YouTube.
Who is better for: Creative thinkers, students, part-time contributors.

4. Affiliate Marketing

Affiliate marketing is a method in which you share the link of a product or service and if someone makes a purchase through your link, you get a commission.

How to start: Join affiliate programs of platforms like Amazon, Flipkart, Zerodha, and share links through blog or social media.
Who is it best for: Bloggers, YouTubers, content creators and digital marketers.

5. Digital Products

If you can create something like resume templates, budgeting sheets, planners or mini eBooks then you can earn passive income without repeated effort.

How to start: Create products with tools like Canva, Notion and upload them on platforms like Gumroad, Payhip.
Who is it best for: Designers, students, writers and creatives.

6. Stock Photography

If you have good photography skills, you can sell your photos on websites like Shutterstock, Adobe Stock and get royalty.

How can you earn: Depends on the quality of the photos and the number of downloads.
How to start: Choose your best quality photos and upload them on stock photo platforms.
Best for: Hobby photographers, travelers and visual content creators.

7. Handmade Crafts / Instagram Store

If you make things like candles, jewelry, art pieces or home decor, you can open your shop on Instagram.

How can you earn: Depends on the uniqueness, pricing and marketing of your products.
How to start: Create a professional page on Instagram, showcase products with good visuals and captions.
Best for: Housewives, artists, students with creative minds.

8. Voiceover or Podcasting

If you have a strong voice and can speak well, voiceover projects or podcasting can also make a strong side income.

How to start: Get a microphone and recording setup, and get started on freelancing sites or platforms like YouTube and Spotify.
Best for: Communicators, speakers, storytellers.

9. Art, Dance or Music Classes

If you are skilled in any art like singing, playing, painting or dancing – then you can generate extra income by taking classes on weekends.

How to start: Add students through word of mouth, local WhatsApp groups or Instagram.
Best for: Artists, hobbyists, homemakers.

10. Making Instagram Reels / YouTube Shorts

Short videos are quite popular these days. You can increase your followers by creating innovative content and can attract brand deals or sponsorships.

How to start: Create content on trending topics, post regularly, and use hashtags correctly.
Who is it best for: Gen-Z, creative people, students, and influencers.

11. Stock Market

Investing in good stocks can provide regular income in the form of dividends over time. Some people also make profits from short-term trading, but it requires proper knowledge and some practice.

How to start: Open a demat account on a platform like Pocketful, Zerodha, Groww or Angel One and start investing.
Who is best for: Working professionals, students and people interested in finance.

12. Real Estate Rental Income

A stable income source can be created by renting out properties like flat, shop or office. This income can be quite good in metro cities.

How to start: List your house or shop on a platform like MagicBricks, 99acres to contact a good tenant.
Who is best for: Those who have property or space to rent out.

13. Mutual Funds / SIP

Investing a small amount every month through SIP can give good returns in the long term. This income is completely based on the market, but the risk is also balanced.

How to start: Create an account on apps like Groww, Paytm Money or Zerodha Coin and start SIP by selecting a fund.
Who is better for: Employed people, beginners in investing and financial planners.

14. REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)

Offers an opportunity to invest in real estate without buying property. By buying units in REITs, one can benefit from both rental income and growth.

How to start: One can invest in popular REITs like Embassy, Mindspace through the stock market.
Who is better for: Mid-term investors and people looking for stable income.

15. Peer-to-Peer Lending (P2P Lending)

One can earn side income by lending money to a needy person through the P2P platform and earning interest on it. This is an alternative investment option.

How to start: Start investing by creating an account on RBI registered platforms like Faircent, LenDenClub.
Who is better for: Investors with low risk tolerance and people looking for passive income.

16. Food Truck or Weekend Cafe Stall

Setting up a food truck or stall on a small scale on weekends can be a good source of income. There is always a demand for street food in metro cities, especially for new and unique food items.

How to start: Decide on a location, get an FSSAI license and start with a small menu.
Best for: Food lovers, chefs, etc.

17. Event Photography or Videography

Photography at events such as weddings, birthdays or corporate meetings is a popular side income source. With a creative vision and a little technical knowledge, this work can go a long way.

How to get started: Start with a camera and basic gear, build a client base through Instagram or local networking.
Best for: Photography enthusiasts, students, and creative people.

18. Renting out a car, room or equipment

Many times, there are resources lying around that are not being used like an extra room, bike or camera. You can rent them out to generate regular income.

How to start: List on sites like Zoomcar, Drivezy, Airbnb or Rentomojo.
Best for: Working professionals, travellers and those looking for passive income.

19. Becoming a delivery partner (Zomato, Swiggy, Dunzo)

A stable part-time income can be generated by taking out a few hours from your daily schedule for a delivery job. There is always a demand for food and package delivery in cities.

How to get started: Register on the app, submit bike photographs and documents and choose the shift.
Best for: Students, part-time workers and people with extra time.

20. Fitness trainer or yoga instructor

The passion for fitness is not just limited to health, it can also become a great source of income. Local classes, park sessions or online training can generate good income.

How to start: Start with local parks, societies or online classes.
Best for: Fitness lovers, health experts and certified instructors.

How to Choose the Right Side Income for You

You can decide the right side income for yourself by considering the following points:

Calculate time carefully : Every work requires time, some ideas require a little time every day, like blogging, while some can be done even on weekends, like classes or setting up stalls.
Identify your skills and interests : The work you are comfortable with can turn into side income. Skills like designing, writing, video editing are useful in freelancing, while creative people can create content.
Understand the budget and risk : Some ideas require some investment to start, like the food business or stock market. On the other hand, online tutoring or work on social media can be started without money.
Start Small: Start on a small scale and gradually build a stable client base while learning.
Work continuously : Patience and consistency are what turns your extra efforts into success.

Conclusion

Apart from a full-time job, it is now both necessary and wise to adopt a way to earn side income. Amidst the changing economic situation, rising inflation and future uncertainty, an additional source of income not only provides financial security but also gives a feeling of self-reliance. In today’s era, every skill and every hobby has value – you just need to start in the right direction. Only those who use their time properly and constantly learn something new are able to gradually create a strong second income. Small steps, right thinking and a little patience together can bring about a big change.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the best side income source in India?
Freelancing, online teaching and content creation are good options.
Can I earn extra income while doing a full-time job?
Yes, many ideas discussed above can be done on weekends or in free time.
Do I need money to start a side income?
Some of the ideas discussed above can be started without any investment.
How much time does a side income source take?
One can start by working 1–2 hours daily to earn a side income.
Is it legal to have side income in India?
Yes, as long as the income is earned in the right way and taxes are paid.

July 7, 2025

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala: How He Became India’s Billionaire “Big Bull”

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala, one of India’s most successful and famous investors, is also known as the “Big Bull of India”. Coming from a simple family and starting with just ₹ 5,000, this chartered accountant made his mark in the stock market.

In this blog, we will know how Rakesh Jhunjhunwala made a fortune worth crores, interesting information related to his net worth, and educational background.

Early Life & Education

Detail	Information
Name	Rakesh Radheshyam Jhunjhunwala
Date of Birth	5 July 1960
Place of Birth	Hyderabad, Telangana (then Andhra Pradesh)
Father’s Name	Radheshyam Jhunjhunwala
Education	B.Com (Sydenham College), Chartered Accountant (ICAI)
Profession	Investor, Trader, Businessman
Date of Death	14 August 2022, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala was born in a Marwari family, where the concepts of business and investment were part of everyday conversation since childhood. His father was an officer in the Income Tax Department and was himself interested in the stock market. From here, Rakesh ji’s interest also grew towards the market. From childhood, he used to hear his father talking about shares and gradually he started reading share prices and names of companies in newspapers.

He graduated in commerce from Sydenham College, Mumbai. After this, he started studying chartered accountancy and in 1985 he became a qualified CA. During his studies, he understood that he wanted to make a career in the stock market.

Soon after becoming a CA, he entered the stock market with a capital of ₹5,000. At that time he did not have any big resources, but he had confidence, knowledge of doing research and courage to take risks. This quality makes him different from millions of investors. He understood the market not just as a source of income but as an art and a science – and this thinking earned him the title of “Big Bull of India”.

Read Also: Rakesh Jhunjhunwala Penny Stocks

Starting the Investment Journey

Lets look at the journey of Rakesh Jhunjhnwala in the stock market over the years:

Started Investment Journey with just ₹5,000 : Rakesh Jhunjhunwala entered the stock market in 1985, when he started his investment with just ₹5,000. At that time, the BSE Sensex was only around 150. This was the time when common people considered the stock market as gambling, but Rakesh ji saw it as an opportunity.
Initial Loans from brother’s clients :His conviction and dedication impressed his brother’s clients, who trusted him with ₹2.5 lakh to invest. With this capital, he expanded his initial investment a little and focused on investing in some good stocks.
First big profit : His first notable profit came in 1986, not long after entering the market. At that time, he bought 5,000 shares of Tata Tea at a price of ₹43. In just a few months, this stock reached ₹ 143. That is, his investment grew to almost three times his initial stake. This success was a turning point for him, which convinced him that with research, patience and time, big money can be earned from the stock market.
Gradually built a strong portfolio : After Tata Tea, he identified good companies one after the other and invested in them for the long term. Companies like Sesa Goa, Lupin, Titan, Crisil became part of his portfolio. Rakesh Jhunjhunwala believed that if the fundamentals of the company are strong, then it is beneficial to invest in it for years.
Investment thinking : He did not just buy shares – he understood the company. He always believed in quality business and did not run after popular stocks. He held his investments for the long term, due to which his winners yielded multibagger returns over time.

He always believed in the principle: “Buy right, sit tight.” i.e., invest in the right company and then stay patient.

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s Net Worth Over Time

Net Worth Timeline

Year	Estimated Net Worth	Sources and descriptions
1985 (beginning)	₹5,000	Started investing with his own savings
1990	Approx. ₹25 lakhs	Early investment in stocks like Tata Tea, Sesa Goa yielded profits
2002	₹250 crores +	Stocks like Titan, Praj Industries gave tremendous returns
2013	$1.3 Billion (~₹9,000 Cr)	Forbes India Billionaires List
2018	$3 Billion (~₹21,000 Cr)	Growth of Multibagger Stocks
August 2022 (Death)	$5.8 Billion (~₹46,000 Cr)	His net worth before death according to Forbes and ET
January 2025	₹50,310 crore	Based on listed portfolio of RARE Enterprises
March 2025	₹64,552.8 crore	Trendlyne data Public holdings of 27 stocks

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala Per Day Income & Portfolio Strategy

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s net worth was around ₹46,000 crores at the time of his death in 2022, which has increased to more than ₹64,500 crores by 2025. The value of his portfolio changes drastically every day due to the market fluctuations. His income cannot be compared to a salary with a fixed amount, but it was completely based on the performance of his invested stocks and dividends received.

Features of Portfolio Strategy : His investment strategy was clear; he held strong companies for the long term and did not believe in frequent trades. He believed that the most effective way to earn profits was to identify quality companies and stay invested for the long term.

Key points of his strategy:

Investment in companies with strong fundamentals
Focus on the quality of management
Clear thinking of long-term growth
Limited portfolio rebalancing

Beyond Stock Market: Akasa Air & Private Ventures

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala wasn’t just a stock market investor he was also a visionary businessman who contributed to India’s economy.

Co‑Founder of Akasa Air : He joined Akasa Air in July 2021 and invested $35 million in the initial round, giving him a nearly 40% stake. He increased his investment to bring his total stake to 46%, making him Akasa Air’s largest stakeholder. Today, Akasa Air’s fleet has expanded to 27 aircraft and offers services across 28 destinations.

Boardrooms & Mentorship : He served on the boards of several companies: places like Aptech, Hungama Digital Media, Praj Industries, Nagarjuna Construction Company, Prime Focus and Geojit Financial Services, etc. Jhunjhunwala wasn’t just an investor; he was a guide to the people trying to establish their businesses.

India‑First Growth Vision : He believed that India’s growth story had just begun. Whether it was the aviation sector or technology, he looked at everything as an opportunity. Akasa Air exemplifies this vision as an airline that not only offers top-notch services but also wants to contribute to India’s economic growth.

Investment Philosophy & Life Lessons

Rakesh Jhunjhnwala’s investment philosophy and life lessons can be summarized in the following points:

Do thorough research and analysis : Rakesh Jhunjhunwala believed that no investment in the stock market should be made without research. He used to invest only after doing thorough research on the fundamentals, management quality and future growth of the company.
Diversification is essential: He always emphasized on diversifying portfolios. He considered it risky to invest all the money in a single sector or stock. He believed that investing in different sectors reduces the risk and ensures stability in the long term.
Buy Right, Sit Tight : His most famous thought was – “Buy Right, Sit Tight”. But this did not mean just buying shares and sitting tight. He used to say that the mark of a real investor is to identify a strong company and trust it for a long time.
Long term vision : Jhunjhunwala believed that the market is not always stable. There will be periods of significant fluctuations, but a wise investor is the one who does not panic at that time; rather trusts his rationale behind investments.

He did not consider investment as just a means of earning money. According to him, every loss is a lesson and every investment is a learning. His mantra was trust knowledge and analysis, not tips.

Life After Death: Legacy, Family, and Impact

The news of the sudden demise of Rakesh Jhunjhunwala on 14 August 2022 left the entire nation stunned. On his demise, everyone from common investors to veteran business leaders paid tribute to him on social media.

After him, his wife Rekha Jhunjhunwala carried forward his investment legacy. The companies included in his portfolio are still standing strong, and the firm RARE Enterprises founded by him is active in the investment world.

Rakesh ji inspired millions to start their investment journey with his thoughts and experiences. Even today, his words “Be patient, keep learning, do research” guide the new generation of investors.

Conclusion

Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s story tells us that to be successful in the stock market, it is not necessary to start with a huge amount- you just need to have knowledge and the courage to hold your investments during volatile market conditions. The knowledge he has left behind through his decisions remains an inspiration for every investor even today. His journey proves that with discipline, knowledge, and patience, even modest beginnings can lead to extraordinary success in the stock market.

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5	Tata Steel vs. JSW Steel: A Comparative Analysis Of Two Steel Giants

Frequently Ask Questions (FAQs)

What was Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s net worth at the time of his death?
His net worth at the time of his death was around ₹46,000 crore.
How did Rakesh Jhunjhunwala start his stock market journey?
He started with ₹5,000 in 1985, when the Sensex was around 150.
What was Rakesh Jhunjhunwala’s daily income?
There is no fixed figure as his net worth fluctuates daily due to change in market prices of stocks he holds.
What was his educational background?
He studied Chartered Accountancy (CA) and graduated from Sydenham College.
Who is managing his investments now?
His wife Rekha Jhunjhunwala and the RARE Enterprises team are carrying forward his investment legacy.

July 5, 2025

SEBI Action on Jane Street: Impact on Indian Markets

Market regulator SEBI has taken strict action against US trading firm Jane Street and banned it from the Indian securities market. Investigation revealed that the firm made unfair profits of about ₹4,843 crores by misusing algorithmic trading on the expiry-day of Nifty and Bank Nifty derivative contracts. This decision has sparked a serious debate on the transparency and credibility of algo trading and quant trading firms in India. This strict action by SEBI shows that bypassing the rules by using automated trading models will no longer be tolerated no matter how influential the firm is.

SEBI’s Charges Explained: Why Jane Street Was Barred?

SEBI has found Jane Street and its affiliates of violating rules of the Indian derivatives market due to deliberate manipulation of index prices. These activities were carried out continuously from 1 January 2023 to 31 March 2025, with additional violations noted in May 2025.

Allegation 1: Intra-Day Index Manipulation

Jane Street made heavy purchases in stocks like Bank Nifty in the morning on expiry days and sold them at the end of the day, creating volatility in the market. They benefited from this in option trading. On January 17, 2024, ₹4,370 crore worth of Bank Nifty futures and its constituent stocks were purchased in the morning, and by the end of the day, the Bank Nifty was brought down by heavy selling worth ₹5,372 crores, which earned them profits worth crores from their position in Bank Nifty index options.

Allegation 2: Marking the Close Strategy

According to SEBI, Jane Street artificially moved the index up and down in the last 30 minutes of the day on several occasions. The purpose of this was to influence the closing value of the index at the time of expiry, which directly benefited them in option trades.

What did the SEBI report say?

SEBI found in its investigation that these trading patterns had no economic basis. The report clearly stated:

“This entire strategy was pre-planned so that the Jane Street Group could make profits and mislead the market.”

For how long did all this last?

This suspicious trading was done from January 2023 to May 2025. SEBI has described it as a pre-planned and malicious scheme, in which crores of rupees were earned by ignoring the rules.

How Jane Street Made the Profits?

Jane Street and its affiliates followed certain trading patterns in Nifty and Bank Nifty index derivatives that were against market rules. According to SEBI’s investigation:

Repetitive Pattern :

SEBI tracked 15 expiry days in which Jane Street first bought Index Futures in large quantities in the morning.
At the end of the day, when the market was about to close, they sold the same futures — causing artificial volatility in the market.

Profit from Options :

By moving the index up or down around the market close on expiry day, they profited from their positions in call or put options.
The prices of these options change significantly at closing, giving Jane Street a huge profit.

SEBI Recovery:

SEBI said that Jane Street Group made an unfair profit of a total of ₹4,843 crore.
This amount is now being recovered and forfeited under the interim order.

What It Means for Jane Street in India?

SEBI has issued a provisional order against Jane Street India and its associated companies –

Ban on trading : SEBI has prohibited Jane Street India from trading, dealing or accessing the Indian securities market. That is, at present they cannot engage in any kind of stock market activity.
Account freezing : SEBI has directed Jane Street’s and its associates to deposit unlawful gains of ₹4,843 crore in an escrow account.
Opportunity to respond in 21 days : Jane Street has been given 21 days in which it can present its side or challenge SEBI’s order.
Final order possible : SEBI has clarified that this order is provisional, but after the investigation is completed, a heavy fine, permanent ban or other strict action is also possible in the final order.

What This Means for Indian Brokers and Traders?

SEBI’s action on Jane Street is now having ripple effects on India’s broking system and small investors, signalling tighter monitoring for the industry.

Rethinking Expiry-Day Trading Risks : Brokers will now have to re-look at high-volume and high-loss-probability trades that take place on the expiry day. This has become a sensitive area after SEBI’s investigation indicated expiry-day manipulation.
Risk Management rules will be more stringent : After this action by SEBI, brokerage houses will have to update their risk management policies. Especially advanced checks and controls will be necessary on trades that cause large price fluctuations.
Pressure will increase on Algo Trading Firms : The filters and trading rules used for algo trading need to be further refined. It will be necessary to ensure that such algorithms do not manipulate the market.
Disclosure required for high-volume clients : Brokers will have to give proper risk disclosures to clients who repeatedly make high-volume trades on expiry-day. SEBI is emphasizing transparency and client awareness.
Surveillance systems become more important : The time has come for all brokers to adopt advanced surveillance tools so that suspicious trading patterns can be caught in real-time. SEBI is now adopting a proactive approach in such cases.

How does it impact Indian markets?

SEBI’s decision to suspend Jane Street’s access is being seen as a strong regulatory action in the Indian stock market. This move makes it clear that the regulator will now keep a strict watch on the activities of algo and quant trading firms, especially when it comes to unfair or manipulative trading patterns.

Jane Street, which earned more than $2.3 billion in net revenue from Indian equity derivatives in 2024 alone, is now directly facing a major setback. Not only their participation in Indian financial markets but their credibility and long-built business network has also been affected.

Conclusion

SEBI’s recent action has made it clear that regulations regarding algorithmic and quant trading in the Indian market are going to become even stricter. The barring of a big global firm like Jane Street can not only shake the trading ecosystem, but can also force all foreign and domestic institutions to rethink compliance and legality of their trading activities. This step can prove to be a turning point for ensuring market transparency and fairness.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Why was Jane Street restricted by SEBI?
SEBI restricted Jane Street due to their unfair trading practices between 2023 and 2025.
How will this affect Indian traders?
This will cause increased regulations for algo traders using expiry day strategies.
Is this a permanent ban on Jane Street?
Not a permanent ban yet as SEBI’s investigation is ongoing.
Will this impact foreign investment in India?
This event concerning Jane Street is not expected to affect the foreign investment.
Will this affect Indian brokers?
Yes, the activity of some expiry-day based traders may be impacted due to tighter regulations.

July 4, 2025

Category: Personal Finance

Top 10 Personal Finance Books

Overview of the Top Personal Finance Books

1. The Intelligent Investor

2. Let’s Talk Money

3. Rich Dad Poor Dad

4. Common Stocks and Uncommon Profits

5. The Dhandho Investor

6. The Nature of Money

7. One Up on Wall Street

8. Think and Grow Rich

9. Coffee Can Investing

10. The Total Money Makeover

Why should one read Personal Finance Books?

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which is the best book on personal finance?

Is there any book that can help me get out of debt?

Do I need to have a financial background to read personal finance books?

Where can I purchase personal finance books?

Is there any personal finance book specifically for the Indian audience?

Who was Ketan Parekh and What was the K-10 scam?

How was the Ketan Parekh Scam Exposed?

Impact on the Securities market after the Ketan Parekh Scam

Another Scam by Ketan Parekh

How was this Scam Exposed?

Lesson for Investors

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Who is Ketan Parekh?

What is front-running?

What are the major actions taken by SEBI against Ketan Parekh?

How can investors protect themselves from scams like Ketan Parekh’s?

Is Ketan Parekh still alive?

Where is Ketan Parekh now?

List of Best Savings Bank Accounts in India

Overview of Banks with the Best Savings Bank Account

1. HDFC Bank

2. State Bank of India

3.ICICI Bank

4. Kotak Mahindra Bank

5. Axis Bank

6. Bank of Baroda

7. Punjab National Bank

8. Union Bank of India

9. IDBI Bank

10. Canara Bank

Factors to Consider before Choosing a Savings Bank Account

How to Open a Savings Account Online

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which bank gives the highest interest on savings?

Is it safe to open an account online?

Can I have more than one savings account?

What’s the best zero-balance account?

Are small finance banks safe?

What is a Swiss Bank Account?

Types of Swiss Bank Accounts

How to Open an Account in a Swiss Bank?

Features of a Swiss Bank Account

Advantages of a Swiss Bank Account

Disadvantages of a Swiss Bank Account

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can an NRI open a Swiss Bank Account?

Is it legal to open a Swiss Bank account?

Do I need to travel to Switzerland to get the Swiss Bank account opened?

What are the types of Swiss Bank accounts?

Does the Swiss Bank pay interest?

What is the Swiss bank account opening minimum balance?

Understanding Stock Market Scams

List of Major Stock Market Scams – Timeline

Overview of Biggest Stock Market Scams

1. The Harshad Mehta Scam

2. The Ketan Parekh Scam

3. The Satyam Scam

4. NSEL Scam

5. The Karvy Scam

Evolution of Regulatory Bodies

1. Technology-Driven Monitoring System