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10+ Best Investment Plan for Monthly Income in India

In today’s uncertain economic environment, rising expenses, lack of job security, and unstable income have become common concerns. In such a situation, a monthly income plan can become a great way to safeguard your financial future.

This blog is for those people who want to diversify their income stream and receive a stable income every month – that too without taking on big risks. Here we will talk about the best investment plans for monthly income in detail.

10+ Best Investment Plans for Monthly Income in India

S.no	Monthly Income Plans
1	Post Office Monthly Income Scheme (POMIS)
2	Monthly Income Mutual Funds (MIPs)
3	Senior Citizen Saving Scheme (SCSS)
4	Corporate Fixed Deposits (with monthly payouts)
5	Government Bonds (with monthly interest option)
6	RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds
7	Annuity Plans from Insurance Companies
8	SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan) from Mutual Funds
9	Real Estate (Rental Income)
10	REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)
11	Dividend-Paying Stocks
12	Peer-to-Peer Lending (with monthly EMIs)

Overview of the Top Best Monthly Investment Plan for Monthly Income in India 2025

An overview of all the plans is given below:

1. Post Office Monthly Income Scheme (POMIS)

POMIS is a scheme in which once the money is invested, a fixed interest is received every month. The government guarantee and the reliability of the post office make this scheme special among small investors.

Important points (as of 2025)

Interest rate 7.4% per annum
Interest is paid every month
Single account Maximum investment : ₹9 lakh
Joint account Maximum investment : ₹15 lakh
Scheme term : 5 years
Minimum investment ₹1,000

Who can invest?

Any Indian citizen
Joint account can be opened in the name of two adults
NRIs cannot invest in it

Example of returns : Investing ₹9 lakh gives an income of about ₹5,550 every month.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Guaranteed monthly income	Interest received is taxable
Capital is completely safe	No tax exemption under Section 80C
Investment is simple and easy	Penalty is levied if withdrawn before five years

2. Monthly Income Mutual Funds (MIPs)

Monthly Income Plans (MIPs) are mutual funds designed to provide regular income to investors. Most of the money is invested in debt instruments (such as bonds) and a small portion in equity to get better returns.

How does it work?

This scheme provides income every month through Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP)
The return is completely market dependent – there is no fixed rate
If the equity portion is high, both risk and return increase
Most schemes invest 75–90% in debt and 10–25% in equity

For example : If ₹10 lakh is invested and the annual average return is 8%, then an income of about ₹6,000 – ₹6,500 can be withdrawn every month (may vary according to market conditions).

Advantages	Disadvantages
Potential for higher returns than bank FDs	Credit risk of issuer
Monthly income through SWP	Returns not fixed
Provides flexibility for tax planning	NAV may fall if interest rate rises

3. Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS)

Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS) is a reliable and safe investment scheme backed by the Government of India, specially designed for senior citizens aged 60 years and above. This scheme is an excellent option to get a regular and fixed income after retirement, in which your capital is completely safe and the interest is paid on time.

How does it work?

Age should be 60 years or above. Those aged 55+ who have opted for VRS are eligible.
Maximum investment limit has been increased to ₹30 lakh in 2025.
Minimum investment starts from ₹1,000.
Interest rate is 8.2% per annum, which is paid quarterly.
The tenure of the scheme is 5 years, which can be extended by 3 years.

Who is it for?

People who are retired and want a steady income every few months.
Those who are focused on capital protection and stable income.

Example: An investment of ₹30 lakh earns approximately ₹61,500 interest every quarter, i.e. approximately ₹20,500 per month.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages	Disadvantages
Government guarantee	Interest is taxable
Tax exemption under 80C section	Quarterly income, not monthly
Fixed interest rate	Lumpsum investment required

4. Corporate Fixed Deposits

Through Corporate FDs, reputed NBFCs and companies raise funds directly from investors. These instruments, when offered by reputed institutions, can be considered as secure as a bank FD with higher interest rates.

Key details for 2025

Interest rate 7.4% to 8.6% p.a. (depending on the issuing company)
Payment frequency : Monthly / quarterly / half-yearly / yearly depending on your choice.
Minimum investment Depends on issuer
Maturity period : Ranges between 12 to 60 months.

Who can invest?

Any Indian citizen
Senior citizens get 0.25–0.40% additional interest

Example: If the interest rate on an FD of ₹5 lakh is 8.3%, then the income can be around ₹3,458 every month

Advantages	Disadvantages
Possibility of higher returns than bank FDs	Slightly higher risk than banks FDs
Regular cash flow due to monthly payout	Risk of capital loss if the issuing company defaults
Option to withdraw before maturity	Interest is fully taxable

5. Government Bonds (with monthly interest option)

These bonds issued by the government are a safe investment in the market. Some government securities offer interest payment options with frequency like monthly or bimonthly, thereby providing a regular source of income.

Key Details (till 2025)

The government issues bonds with different tenures like 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30, 40, 50 years
Some bonds offer monthly payment options; others offer interest on a quarterly or a semi-annual basis.
10‑Year G‑Sec Yield is around 6.6% (till May 2025), which is better than other small savings options

Who can invest?

Any Indian citizen, HUF, Institutions
Single or joint holding option
NRIs may be eligible in some cases

Example : Investing ₹10 lakh, at 6.6% rate, the potential income is ~₹66,000 per annum, i.e. around ₹5,500 per month.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Backed by Government of India	Interest is taxable
Can be easily bought and sold	Monthly payouts not applicable for every bond
Better return potential than other small savings schemes/FDs	Returns of bonds may be affected due to changes in interest rates

6. RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds

This scheme of RBI is for those investors who want their money to be safe and have regular income. It gives better returns than fixed deposit returns as its rate is reset semiannually to NSC (National Savings Certificate) rate + 0.35%

Key Details (2025)

Interest Rate 8.05% p.a. (for Jan–Jun 2025)
Payment Frequency: Every 6 months (1st Jan and 1st Jul)
Minimum Investment : ₹1,000 (in multiples thereafter)
No maximum investment limit
Lock-in period of 6 years for investors aged between 60–70 years and 5 years for investors aged between 70 and 80.

Who can invest?

Any Indian citizen or HUF
Can be a single or joint account
NRIs not eligible

Example of returns : By investing ₹10 lakh, you can get about ₹38,600 interest every six months – that is, about ₹77,200 annually

Advantages	Disadvantages
Fully government backed and secured	Interest is taxable and TDS will be applicable (on interest above ₹10,000)
Rates are NSC based, floating but lucrative (currently 8.05%)	Not fixed, rates may change every 6 month
Periodic income every six months	Premature withdrawal not possible (except in special cases of senior citizens)

7. Annuity Plans from Insurance Companies

Annuity Plans are options offered by insurance companies in which a lump sum amount is deposited and then regular income is received for a fixed period or for life. This scheme is especially for those who want fixed income after retirement. Companies like LIC, HDFC Life, ICICI Prudential, SBI Life offer these plans.

Key points (as of 2025)

Annuity Income starts immediately after investment
Deferred Annuity Income starts after a few years
Interest rate : 5.75% – 7% (depends on age and plan)
Income frequency Monthly, Quarterly, Half-Yearly or Yearly
Minimum investment Starting from ₹1 lakh
Some plans include a ‘Return of Purchase Price’ option, where the invested amount is paid to the nominee after the annuitant’s death.

Who can invest?

Individuals aged between 30 to 85 years
Single or Joint Annuity option
Extra benefits and payout options for Senior Citizens

Example: Investing ₹10 lakh at the age of 60 can generate monthly income of ₹5,500 under immediate annuity option.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Assured income for life	Returns are limited
Capital protection (in some plans)	Does not adjust to inflation
Tax exemption (under Section 80CCC)	Premature withdrawal not possible

8. SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan) from Mutual Funds

SWP is a method where you can withdraw a fixed amount every month from your mutual fund investments. In this, your money remains invested in mutual fund schemes and you can get regulated income from it. These schemes are best for investors who want a flexible and tax-efficient way to earn side income.

Key points (as of 2025)

SWP can be started by investing in any mutual fund scheme
Withdrawal amount and frequency (monthly/quarterly) are decided by you
SWP option available in both equity and debt schemes
Equity SWP has the potential for better returns in the long term
Withdrawal is based on NAV of units

Example: ₹10 lakh invested and ₹6,000/month SWP started — investment remains intact and can grow as per the market

Advantages	Disadvantages
Withdraw as much as you want, whenever you want	Market risk remains
Inflation-beating potential (especially equity SWP)	Decline in invested amount can happen if returns are low
Tax-efficient withdrawals (10% tax after LTCG)	Not a guaranteed income

9. Real Estate (Rental Income)

Rental income is a traditional and reliable way to earn passive monthly income. If you own a residential or commercial property, renting it out can generate a steady income every month. This scheme is especially suitable for people who like investing in physical assets and want a stable cash flow.

Key highlights (as of 2025)

Rental income can be earned by investing in properties like residential flats, shops, offices, godowns
The rental yield is 2-3% in metro cities (residential), while in commercial properties it can be up to 6–9%
Rent agreements are usually for 11 months and TDS can be up to 10% (above ₹50,000/month)
Property registration, maintenance, and taxes are the responsibility of the owner

Example: If you have purchased a commercial property worth ₹1 crore and it is getting a rental yield of 7%, then a rental income of around ₹58,000-₹60,000 per month is possible.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Stable monthly income	High investment and maintenance cost
Benefit of property value appreciation	Low liquidity
Tax benefits (interest on home loan under 24b)	Dependency on timely payments by tenants. Legal hassles due to non-payment.

10. REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)

\If you want to earn money from real estate but find it difficult to invest lakhs and crores, REITs are a great option. These are investment trusts that invest in large commercial properties such as office buildings, IT parks or malls — and distribute a portion of the rent generated from them to investors. The best part is that REITs can be bought and sold on the stock market, just like any other stock.

Key points (effective in 2025)

The three major listed REITs in India are Embassy Office Parks, Mindspace Business Parks, and Brookfield India REIT.
Up to 90% of the total income is distributed to investors
Rental yield is between 6% and 8% on an average
Regulated by SEBI for transparency and security

Example: If you invest ₹5 lakh in a REIT, and the annual yield is 7%, then a monthly income of around ₹2,900 – ₹3,000 is possible.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Low capital investment than investing in real estate	Dependence on real estate market’s current conditions
Regulated and transparent structure	Returns are not stable and are dependent on market conditions and occupancy
Good liquidity, tradable like shares	Returns earned are taxed

11. Dividend-Paying Stocks

If you want to build wealth in the long term and also need regular income every year, then dividend-paying stocks are a smart choice. These are stocks that pay a part of the company’s profits to investors as dividends – once or twice a year, some companies also pay quarterly. By strategically choosing companies with staggered payout dates, it’s possible to create a consistent monthly income stream. This method requires monitoring dividend yield, payout history, and financial health of the companies to ensure sustainability and stability.

Important points (as of 2025)

It is important to choose companies with high dividend yield
Companies giving good dividends are generally PSUs (eg: Coal India, ONGC) and FMCG (eg: ITC, Hindustan Unilever)
Dividend yield can be from 3% to 7%
Liquidity is good in the stock market, making buying and selling easy.

Example : If ₹10 lakh is invested in a stock like ITC and the yield is 6%, then the annual income can be up to ₹60,000 i.e. ₹5,000/month.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Passive income along with price appreciation over time	Market risk is always there
Inflation-beating returns	Returns are lower than growth stocks
Long-term wealth creation	Long-term wealth creation

12. Peer-to-Peer Lending (with monthly EMIs)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending through a digital platform allows you to give loans directly to individual borrowers and then get the money back from them in the form of EMIs (principal + interest) every month. In this, you become a lender, and the borrowers take personal loans from you.

Key points (as of 2025)

Expected returns: 10%–15% (depends on borrower profile)
You can give loans ranging from ₹500 to ₹50,000 to each borrower
EMI comes monthly, which creates fixed monthly cash flow
Minimum investment starts from ₹5,000
Risk-based investment model: high risk = high return

Example : If you have given a loan of ₹1 lakh at 12% interest, then EMI-based income of about ₹9,000–₹10,000 annually i.e. ₹750–₹830/month can be earned.

Advantages	Disadvantages
Fixed monthly cash flow (through EMI)	Risk of borrower default
Returns are better than FD	Capital is not backed any collateral
Entire process is online and trackable	Legal recovery may take time

Conclusion

If you want a fixed income every month, then today there are many investment options in India that can fit your needs. Some investors prioritize safety, while others are willing to take calculated risks for higher returns. With the right knowledge and planning, you can choose an income plan that aligns with your goals. Be it a post office scheme, mutual fund or any modern investment, with a little planning you can earn a steady monthly income. It is always advised to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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5	Best 5G Stocks in India to Invest
6	Best Sip Apps in India for Investment

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the safest monthly income scheme in India?
The safest options to earn a monthly income include Senior Citizen Saving Scheme (SCSS), Post Office Monthly Income Scheme (POMIS) and RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds as these are government-backed schemes.
Can I get ₹10,000 per month from any investment plan?
Yes, it is possible to earn ₹10,000/month income by investing ₹10–15 lakh in multiple investment plans like annuity plans or rental property.
Are mutual fund SWPs taxable?
Yes, money received from SWP is counted as capital gains and is taxed.
What are REITs and how do they pay monthly income?
REITs are companies that invest in commercial properties and distribute rental income as dividends.
Is P2P lending safe for earning a monthly income?
There is risk in P2P lending as borrowers can default, but the returns can be higher than FD.

June 24, 2025

Tata vs Reliance: India’s Top Business Giants Compared

When we talk about India’s biggest business conglomerates, Tata Group and Reliance Group always appear at the top of the list due to their strong market presence in different industries. One is a pioneer in IT, steel and electric vehicles, shaping India’s technology, infrastructure and automobile sector. The other is a powerhouse in energy, telecom, and retail, changing how India shops, connects, and consumes.

Both belong to legendary business families and are building the future in their way. In this blog, we will break down how Tata Group and Reliance Group have evolved over time, how their journeys have been different, what lies ahead, and what it means for India’s economy and for you as an investor or consumer.

Tata Group : An Overview

Tata Group represents an iconic group of companies in India, not just due to its size but also due to the values and vision it brings to all its endeavours. In 1868, Jamsetji Tata laid the foundation of a vision — to build a self-reliant India that would earn respect and recognition on the world stage. It has been close to 150 years now, and that dream is still going strong in most industries. The presence of the Tata brand in our daily lives is more than we can ever imagine.

Here is a glimpse of what they’re into:

Technology – Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is a global leader in providing software solutions.
Automobiles – Tata Motors makes everything from family cars to trucks and owns luxury brands like Jaguar and Land Rover.
Metal – Tata Steel is one of the top steelmakers in the world.
Consumer Products – From Tata Salt and Tata Tea to Himalayan Water and Tetley, you’ll likely find something related to the Tata brand in your kitchen.
Watches, Fashion & Retail – Titan (watches, jewellery, eyewear) and Trent (Westside, Zudio) bring style to your wardrobe.
Power & Infra – Tata Power and Tata Projects are helping build infrastructure that powers the future.
Hospitality – The Taj Hotels brand, run by IHCL, is all about luxury.
Telecom & Media – Tata Play (formerly Tata Sky) and Tata Communications provide DTH services and keep people connected.

One of the most unique things about the Tata Group is that it’s not just about profits. Around 66% of Tata Sons (the holding company) is owned by charitable trusts, like the Tata Trusts. That means a large chunk of what the company earns goes into health, education, rural development, and social upliftment initiatives. Ethics, trust, and long-term thinking are core to how Tata runs its businesses.

Business Model

1. Decentralised Structure: Each Tata company, like TCS, Tata Motors, Titan, or Tata Steel, operates independently. They have their separate boards, CEOs, and decision-making power. But they are all connected to Tata Sons, the main holding company, which owns significant stakes in most of them and helps guide the overall direction.

2. Diversified Business Portfolio: Tata Group companies are spread across multiple sectors, as already mentioned above, ensuring stable revenues in different economic conditions.

Reliance Group : An Overview

Whenever you think of big business in India, it’s impossible to forget Reliance. Originally a small textile firm in the 1960s, it has now become one of the largest conglomerates in India. It all began with Dhirubhai Ambani, a visionary entrepreneur who transformed a small yarn-trading business into a vast empire. Today, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), under the leadership of his son Mukesh Ambani, continues to shape India’s telecom, retail, energy, and other key sectors.

Additionally, back in 2005, the Reliance empire was split between the two Ambani brothers:

Mukesh Ambani took charge of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), the one you hear about the most today. This includes business related to oil and gas to telecom (Jio), retail, media, and green energy sectors.
Anil Ambani formed Reliance ADA Group, with businesses in power, infrastructure, finance, and communication sectors, out of which, many companies have struggled financially over the years.

Business Model

The Reliance Group does not just stick to one business, they build entire ecosystems. That is why you will see Reliance everywhere, from the fuel you put in your car to the internet you use and even the groceries you buy.

Energy & Petrochemicals: Reliance started with oil refining and petrochemicals. Even today, it is a massive part of their business.
Telecom & Digital: They launched Jio to help in the evolution of the telecom industry, and it worked.
Retail: Groceries, fashion, electronics, Reliance Retail sells it all.
Media & Entertainment: Through Network18 and JioCinema, they are also working in this field.
Green Energy: Reliance is now investing billions to establish itself as a leading player in solar, hydrogen, and clean energy solutions.

Furthermore, unlike many other big companies, Reliance prefers to own and control its ventures rather than just being a silent investor. That way, they can shape their business operations how they want.

Comparative Analysis (from Screener, Refer Sample)

Basis	Tata Group	Reliance
Business Focus	A diversified group with interests across different sectors such as IT, steel, automobiles, power, consumer goods, retail, hotels, and more.	A diversified giant with interests in energy, telecom , retail , and now aggressively expanding into green energy.
Growth Strategy	Actively expanding in green energy (Tata Power), electric vehicles (Tata Motors), consumer brands (Titan, Tata Consumer), and digital platforms (Tata Neu).	Expanding aggressively into green energy, 5G, retail dominance, and digital platforms.
Market Position	Known as one of India’s most trusted and respected business groups globally, with strong leadership, governance, and diversified revenue streams.	Known for scale and disruption. Jio changed the telecom game, and Reliance Retail is giving tough competition to global giants like Amazon and Walmart in India.
Leadership Style	Value-driven, conservative, and focused on long-term sustainable growth. Led by N. Chandrasekaran (Tata Sons Chairman) with a reputation for stability and ethics.	Bold, aggressive, and expansion-oriented, led by Mukesh Ambani, India’s richest man, who believes in scale and speed.

Financial Position of Tata vs Reliance Group

To understand how the two groups are doing, we cannot just look at brand names; we need to understand their financial positions. As some of the companies under the two groups are private, it is impossible to determine the accurate financial standing of both groups. However, based on the financial information available of publicly listed companies related to the groups, we can get a good idea about the financial position of both companies.

Tata Group

1. Revenue

Tata Group makes money from all kinds of businesses, including technology, steel, cars, jewellery, tea, you name it. Together, their companies generate over ₹10 lakh crore in revenue annually. TCS, Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Titan, and Tata Consumer Products bring in the most revenues.

2. Profit

Most of the profits come from TCS, the biggest company under the Tata Group. Brands like Titan (watches & jewellery) and Tata Consumer (Tata Salt, Tata Tea, etc.) are also great profit-makers. Some businesses, like Tata Motors and Tata Steel, have their ups and downs but are getting stronger due to increased adoption of EVs and growing infrastructure requirements.

3. Debt

A few Tata companies, especially Tata Steel and Tata Motors, do carry moderate to high debt, mostly because of focus on expansion and big global deals. The good part? TCS is debt-free and helps keep the overall group financially stable. Furthermore, the group has been actively working on reducing debt.

Reliance Group

1. Revenue

Reliance earns money from a wide range of industries — including oil & gas, telecom (Jio), retail (Reliance Retail), digital services, and green energy. Together, these businesses generate annual revenues of over ₹10 lakh crore. The traditional oil-to-chemicals (O2C) business is a major revenue driver, alongside Reliance Retail and Jio.

2. Profit

The bulk of Reliance’s profits still come from its legacy oil-to-chemicals business. However, Jio and Reliance Retail have become highly profitable in recent years, thanks to their massive user base and nationwide presence. The company continues to invest in new sectors like green energy, which could fuel future profits.

3. Debt

Reliance has taken on significant debt in the past, especially while building Jio and expanding retail operations. However, the company made headlines by becoming net debt-free in 2020 after raising capital from global investors. While current expansion in green energy and digital infrastructure may increase liabilities slightly, the group remains financially strong with healthy cash flows and a robust balance sheet.

Future Plans – TATA vs RELIANCE

When it comes to shaping the future of India, Tata Group and Reliance Industries are two of the biggest players. Both are household names and giants in their respective sectors, but their future business plans are different as mentioned below. Let us have a quick glimpse of where these two groups are headed:

1. Green Energy & Sustainability

Tata Group’s company, Tata Power is already involved in developing innovative solutions to harness solar and wind energy, whereas Tata Motors is leading India’s EV revolution (Nexon EV, Tiago EV).

Reliance is also betting big on clean energy through investment in solar plants, green hydrogen, and the massive Giga Complex in Gujarat. Moreover, their aim to be net-zero by 2035 will contribute substantially to sustainability.

2. Retail & Consumer Business

Tata group owns Tata Neu, fashion brands like Westside and electronics stores like Croma.
On the other hand, Reliance is aggressively building India’s largest retail empire through Reliance Retail, JioMart, luxury brands, and quick commerce.

3. Global Footprint

Tata already has global brands like Jaguar, Land Rover, Tetley, and Taj Hotels, focusing on steady, sustainable global growth.
Reliance is actively expanding globally, especially in energy, retail tie-ups, and tech ventures.

Conclusion

Both Tata Group and Reliance Group are powerhouses driving India’s economic growth, each with its distinct approach. Tata stands for legacy, values, and long-term stability, with strong global presence across industries like IT, autos, and consumer goods. Reliance, on the other hand, represents bold ambition and rapid expansion, dominating sectors like telecom, retail, and energy. While their strategies differ, both are innovating, investing in sustainability, and playing a crucial role in shaping India’s future, making them equally important from both an economic and investor perspective.

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Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)

Which group is bigger, Tata or Reliance Industries?
Both groups are huge and it is difficult to specify which group is bigger as some of their companies are private. However, based on market capitalization of listed companies, the Tata Group is much bigger.
When was Tata Motors established?
Tata Motors was established in 1945.
Which one is better for long-term investment?
Investing in Tata Group companies is great if you believe in the growth potential of technology, infrastructure, and EV sectors. Reliance offers a more diversified bet across sectors.
Can I invest in companies of both groups?
Yes, you can! Many investors diversify their investment portfolio by holding shares of both the Tata Group and Reliance Group.
Which company has more profits: Reliance Industries or Tata Motors?
Reliance Industries has more profits than Tata Motors.

June 24, 2025

Top 10 Best Credit Cards in India for 2025

The number of credit cards in India reached 108 million in December 2024, which is more than double the number in 2019. Over the past few years, the number of digital payments has grown 6.7 times and the transaction value 1.6 times, making India one of the fastest growing digital economies in the world . With time, the credit card providers have started providing various features and benefits such as contactless payments, UPI integration, BNPL facilities, and advanced security measures.

In this blog, we’ll explore the top 10 best credit cards in India for 2025 and highlight the key factors you should consider before choosing the right credit card for your financial needs.

Top 10 Best Credit Cards in India 2025

Credit Card Name	Category	Best For	Joining Fee
Axis Bank ACE Credit Card	Cashback & Shopping	Bill, food & recharge discounts	₹499 + GST
Flipkart Axis Bank Credit Card	Cashback & Shopping	Flipkart, Myntra, Cleartrip rewards	₹500 + GST
Amazon Pay ICICI Credit Card	Cashback & Shopping	Amazon shopping, Prime members	0
SBI Cashback Card	Cashback & Shopping	Weekly shopping, groceries, and movies	₹999 + GST
HDFC Regalia Gold Credit Card	Travel & Lounge Access	Frequent domestic/international travel	₹2,500 + GST
Axis Bank ATLAS Credit Card	Travel & Lounge Access	Edge miles, multi-airline travellers	₹5,000 + GST
HDFC Infinia Metal Edition	Travel & Lounge Access	Luxury global travel & concierge	₹12,500 + GST
American Express Platinum Travel Card	Travel & Lounge Access	Travel vouchers & Taj stays	₹5,000 + GST
HPCL IDFC FIRST Power Credit Card	Fuel & Utility	Petrol discounts & utility expenses	₹199 + GST
IndianOil Axis Bank Credit Card	Fuel & Utility	Fuel at IndianOil pumps	₹500 + GST

Overview of the Best Credit Cards in India 2025

An overview of the top 10 credit cards in India is given below:

1. Axis Bank ACE Credit Card

If you want to save money directly from everyday expenses be it bills, food delivery or travel then Axis Bank ACE is the best choice for you. This card offers straight cashback, without any complicated reward points system.

Cashback Highlights

5% cashback on utility bills & mobile‑DTH recharges via Google Pay (up to ₹500 per month)
4% cashback on apps like Swiggy, Zomato, Ola (up to ₹500 per month)
1.5% cashback on all other spends, without any cap

Extra Rewards

4 free domestic lounge visits on spends of ₹50,000 in the last 3 months.
Fuel surcharge waiver: Up to 1% in ₹400–₹4,000 range (₹500/month cap)
Up to 15–20% discount at 4,000+ partner restaurants.

Fees & Waiver :

Joining Fee: ₹499 + GST (First year waiver possible)
Annual Fee: ₹499 + GST from second year onwards, waiver on fees if annual spend is more than ₹2 lakh.

Overall, Axis ACE is a simple and powerful cashback card, helping you earn cashbacks on everyday spends in a smart way.

2. Flipkart Axis Bank Credit Card

For those who buy from platforms like Flipkart, Myntra or Swiggy for their daily needs, this card proves to be a great deal. With guaranteed cashback on every purchase and numerous partner offers, this card makes daily spending rewarding.

Cashback benefits

5% assured cashback on transactions on Flipkart and Cleartrip
4% cashback on brands like Swiggy, Uber, PVR
1.5% cashback on all other spends, without any limit
Upon activation, get a Flipkart voucher of ₹500 and exclusive discounts on Swiggy

Extra rewards on travel and lifestyle

4 complimentary domestic lounge visits on spending ₹50,000 annually
Up to 20% discount at select restaurants, under the Dining Delights program

Fuel and EMI convenience

1% surcharge waiver on fuel transactions from ₹400 to ₹4,000, up to ₹400 per month
1.5% unlimited cashback on transaction value on converting Flipkart merchant transaction to EMI.

Fees and Variants

Joining Fee ₹500 + GST
Annual fee waiver from next year if spending ₹3.5 lakh in a year

For those who shop regularly on e-commerce, this card offers great cashback along with travel and dining benefits. A complete rewards package that gives more value at a low fee.

3. Amazon Pay ICICI Bank Credit Card

If shopping from Amazon has become a habit, then this card opens the way to smart savings with great cashback on every order. The best part – this card is life-time free, i.e. no joining or annual fee is required.

Cashback Benefits :

Prime members get 5% cashback on Amazon
Non-Prime members get 3% cashback
2% cashback on Amazon Pay partners like Swiggy, BookMyShow
1% cashback on all other expenses, directly in Amazon Pay balance

Key points :

No limit on cashback
Completely digital onboarding, without any paperwork
The card can be used instantly by linking it to Amazon account

Fuel surcharge and EMI facility :

1% surcharge waiver on fuel transactions of ₹400 to ₹4,000
Facility to convert any big expense into EMI is also available

Fees and charges :

Zero joining fee and zero annual fee, i.e. completely free
No hidden charges, everything is transparent

Whether you are a Prime member or occasional shopper – Amazon Pay ICICI card gives you the opportunity to save on every transaction, without any hassle. This free card turns every spend into a smart investment.

4. SBI Cashback Card

For those making frequent digital payments, this card is very beneficial. You get assured cashback on every expense, which gets adjusted directly in the next billing cycle – no reward points, no hassle of redemption.

Cashback Highlights :

5% cashback on online partner brands
1% cashback on all other card spends
Cashback gets automatically adjusted in the monthly billing statement
No manual redemption required

Travel & EMI Benefits :

4 complimentary lounge access annually at domestic airports
Facility to convert big spends into EMIs also available

Fuel Waiver & Limitations:

1% surcharge waiver on fuel spends between ₹500 and ₹3,000
No cashback on wallet load, rent, and select utility payments

Fees & Waiver :

Joining & Annual Fee: ₹999 + GST
Full annual fee waived off after spending ₹1 lakh in a year

Cashback SBI Card is the easiest way to get direct cashback — without any technical points system, providing benefits directly in the credit card bill.

5. HDFC Regalia Gold Credit Card

HDFC Regalia Gold is designed for those who want to get something extra from every expense – be it shopping, travel or luxury lifestyle. It offers huge rewards and great travel benefits.

Key Highlights :

Get 20 reward points per ₹150 on spends at Marks & Spencer, Myntra, Reliance Digital and Nykaa
Get 4 reward points per ₹150 on all other spends
Get flight vouchers worth up to ₹10,000 on annual spends of ₹5 lakh and an additional voucher of ₹5,000 on spends of ₹7.5 lakh
₹1,500 vouchers on spending ₹1.5 lakh every quarter

Lounge & Travel Privileges :

12 complimentary lounge access annually in India
6 complimentary accesses through Priority Pass for international travel
Accidental air insurance worth ₹1 crore and overseas hospitalization cover up to ₹15 lakh

Redemption & Flexibility :

Reward points can be redeemed for flights, hotels, luxury gifts and statement balance
From SmartBuy Value on redemption is ₹0.50-₹0.65 per point

Charges & Waiver :

Joining & Annual Fee: ₹2,500 + GST
Fee waiver for next year if you spend ₹4 lakh in a year

HDFC Regalia Gold is a premium card that rewards smart spenders at every level – be it luxe shopping or annual international trips.

6. Axis Bank ATLAS Credit Card

Axis Bank Atlas is designed for those who travel frequently and want to make the most of every international or domestic trip. This card covers your every travel need — from lounge access to airmiles.

Travel-Focused Benefits :

Complimentary lounge access at both domestic and international airports
Silver, Gold and Platinum Tier Status available as per spending
Miles System Earned EDGE Miles can be redeemed across multiple international airline partners.

Milestone & Rewards :

5 EDGE Miles are earned for every ₹100 spent internationally
2 EDGE Miles are earned per ₹100 spent domestically
Platinum Tier benefits are unlocked when you spend ₹7.5 lakh annually
₹5,000 Welcome Voucher (in lieu of ₹5,000 joining fee)

Global Lounge & Insurance :

Up to 12 complimentary international lounge access per year via Priority Pass
Comprehensive Travel Insurance which includes air accident cover and emergency hospitalization

Miles Redemption :

EDGE Miles can be converted into flights, hotels or partner airline miles
1 EDGE Mile can be worth up to ₹1 when redeemed through Axis Bank Travel EDGE platform for flight and hotel bookings.

Charges & Waiver :

Joining/Annual Fee: ₹5,000 + GST

Axis Atlas is perfect for travellers who want to earn rewards from every flight booking, international trip or luxury travel. This card not only gives miles but also access to a premium lifestyle.

7. HDFC Infinia Metal Edition

If you are looking for a card that is the perfect combination of luxury, travel and high-end rewards, then HDFC Infinia Metal Edition is the best option. This card is available on an invite-only basis, and is designed for high-spenders.

Key Highlights :

5 reward points on every ₹150 spent
Unlimited Complimentary Airport Lounge Access – both in India and abroad
Club Marriott membership is available in leading hotel chains, which can save up to 20%
For golf enthusiasts: Unlimited complimentary golf games

Travel & Lifestyle Privileges :

Points redemption value up to ₹1 per point on flights, hotels and premium products
Global lounge network benefits through Diners Club network
Air accident insurance and medical emergency coverage worth ₹1 crore

Rewards & Benefits :

Points have no expiry
Reward Points can be converted into flights, hotels, airmiles or statement credit
10X rewards on select transactions through SmartBuy

Charges & Eligibility :

Joining & Annual Fee: ₹12,500 + GST
Next year’s fee gets waived once you spend ₹10 lakh annually

HDFC Infinia is for those who live a premium lifestyle and want maximum value from every spend. This card is not just a payment tool, but a statement – of luxury and status.

8. American Express Platinum Travel Card

For frequent travellers, this card makes every flight and hotel booking more rewarding. With great reward points and travel vouchers, you get the most out of every spend.

Key Travel Benefits :

Get a Taj Experiences E-Gift card worth ₹10,000.
15,000 membership points on annual spend of ₹1.9 lakh that can be redeemed on Platinum Travel Collection or Amex Travel Online.
Complimentary airport lounge access – 8 domestic visits every year

Reward Program :

1 Membership Reward Point for every ₹50 spent
MR Points can be easily redeemed for flights, hotel bookings and gift vouchers
Milestone-based benefits increase travel rewards every year

Annual Fees & Charges :

Joining Fee: ₹3,500 + GST
Renewal Fee: ₹5,000 + GST
Extra value through Amex Offers and dining privileges

American Express Platinum Travel Card is a perfect choice for those who want to spend more significantly on travel. Travel is a huge part of lifestyle and the more you spend, the greater the travel benefit — that too with a seamless and premium experience.

9. HPCL IDFC FIRST Power Credit Card

The HPCL IDFC FIRST Power Credit Card is designed for individuals who frequently spend on fuel, utility bills, and daily essentials. With impressive fuel savings, UPI compatibility, and added perks like roadside assistance, it’s one of the most value-driven fuel credit cards in India.

Key Benefits :

Up to 5% savings on fuel at HPCL outlets
2.5% savings on grocery, utility bills, and IDFC FASTag recharges
2X Reward Points on all other retail and UPI spends
Complimentary Roadside Assistance up to 4 times a year (worth ₹1,399)

Reward Structure :

15X Reward Points on fuel purchases at HPCL outlets (up to 5% value)
15X Reward Points on grocery, utility, and FASTag recharge (up to 2.5% value)
2X Reward Points on all other UPI and retail spends (up to 2.5% value)
1 Reward Point = ₹0.25 when redeemed

Annual Charges :

Joining Fee: ₹199 + GST
Annual Renewal Fee: ₹199 + GST
Fee Waiver: Annual fee is waived on spends of ₹50,000 or more in a card anniversary year

If your monthly budget includes regular fuel, utility, and UPI spends, the HPCL IDFC FIRST Power Credit Card is a smart, low-fee option. It combines practical benefits with good cashback potential and extra perks like roadside assistance, making it an excellent everyday card.

10. IndianOil Axis Bank Credit Card

If you want to manage your everyday fuel expenses smartly, then IndianOil Axis Bank Credit Card is a practical and rewarding option. Especially for those who use their vehicle daily.

Key Benefits :

Up to 5% benefit at IndianOil petrol pumps (4% value back + 1% surcharge waiver)
20 Reward Points are available on ₹100 spent at IOCL outlets.
1% cashback is available on online shopping
Up to 15% discount on dining – through Axis Bank’s Dining Delights program

Reward Structure :

₹100 fuel spend = 20 RP (₹5 value)
₹100 online spends = 1 RP
₹100 other spends = 1 RP
RP can be converted into cashback or vouchers

Annual Charges :

Joining Fee: ₹500 + GST
Annual Fee: ₹500 (waived off on ₹50,000 annual spend)
Welcome benefit: ₹250 worth fuel vouchers on 1st transaction within 30 days

This card is for people who spend a significant portion of the month on fuel and want a consistent cashback on the same spend. If you want to make your daily commute a little more economical, this is a solid choice.

How to Choose the Best Credit Card in India in 2025

It is crucial that a credit card be chosen wisely as cards with non-exclusive features and hefty fees can become a burden instead of a benefit. Therefore, some checks should be done before getting a card.

Check Joining and Annual Fees : Many credit cards have a joining or annual fee attached to it. If the benefits are less and the fees are high, then that card will not be beneficial.
Understand the Spending Pattern : It is important to know how you spend your money – online shopping, travel or daily use so that the card can be chosen according to your needs.
Credit Limit and EMI facility : Check the limit of the card and whether there is a facility to convert big expenses into EMI – move ahead only after knowing this.
Focus on Lifestyle Benefits : Extra benefits like dining offers, airport lounge access, fuel surcharge waiver add a lot of value in the long run.
Check the Reward Point System : Estimate the number of reward points that can be received based on your average expenditure and check how they can be redeemed.
Understand the Eligibility Criteria : Before choosing any card, make sure to check how easy or difficult its eligibility criteria are as some cards are invite-only.

How to Invest in Credit Card Stocks in India

Direct Investment:
- SBI Cards and Payment Services Ltd. (SBICARD): The only publicly listed pure-play credit card company in India.
- Process: Open a Demat and trading account with a stockbroker (e.g., via apps like Pocketful, INDmoney, Groww). Search for “SBICARD” and place a buy order.
Indirect Investment (via Banks):
- Major Banks: Invest in large banks with significant credit card operations, as this segment contributes to their overall profitability.
- Examples: HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, RBL Bank.
- Process: Similar to SBICARD, buy shares of these banks through your stockbroker.

Conclusion

Choosing a suitable credit card should not be based only on the offers or rewards but also on the user’s lifestyle, spending pattern and the facilities offered. In this blog, we have covered the top credit cards across different categories along with their features, charges and benefits. It is important to carefully understand the rewards structure, fees and eligibility criteria of each card before making a final decision so that the choice is in line with your financial goals.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are Credit Cards?
A credit card allows cardholders to borrow money and repay it, including interest and other agreed-upon charges, either in full by the billing date or over time in the form of EMIs.
Which debit card type is most prevalent in India?
The popularity of Contactless Debit Cards has seen a massive uptrend.
Should I get a credit card?
A credit card helps you manage your finances by allowing you to repay after the billing cycle. While this is a revolutionary invention, people should be cautious and prevent maxing out their credit card limits. So, the decision to opt for a credit card should be taken after careful consideration.
What was the first credit card in India?
The first credit card in India was introduced by the Central Bank of India in collaboration with MasterCard and Visa in the late 1970s. It was known as the “Central Card”.
Can cash be withdrawn from an ATM using a credit card?
Yes, but immediate interest and cash advance charges are levied on it.
How is the credit card limit decided?
It depends on your income, credit score and repayment history.
Is there an annual fee for every card?
Some credit cards are lifetime free while others have annual charges.
What is the impact of delayed credit card payment?
Late payment attracts a late fee and also affects the credit score.
Is it necessary to provide income proof for every credit card?
Yes, income proof or ITR is required for most cards.
What is the most widely accepted type of credit card?
Visa and Mastercard are the most widely accepted credit cards due to their international presence.

June 23, 2025

HCL Vs Infosys: Which is Better?

India’s IT industry has made a strong presence globally, with HCL Technologies and Infosys being the two major players. Infosys today offers its services in 56 countries and its brand value is expected to exceed $16 billion in 2025, making it among the top 3 IT service brands in the world. HCLTech, on the other hand, is active in 60 countries and has more than 200 delivery centers.

In this blog, we will compare various aspects of “HCL vs Infosys” to help investors, analysts, and students understand the position of these companies.

Company Overview: HCL Technologies

HCL Technologies, popularly known as HCLTech, is one of the top IT companies in India. It was started in 1976 by Shiv Nadar and his team. Earlier this company was hardware focused, but in the 90s it entered the software and IT services sector. Today HCLTech is working in more than 60 countries of the world and has 200+ delivery centers and 150 innovation labs. Its clients come from sectors like banking, healthcare, auto, telecom and retail. The chairperson of the company is Roshni Nadar Malhotra and the CEO is C. Vijayakumar, who is leading the global growth of HCL.

Business model

HCL Tech’s business model is quite diverse and this company provides a variety of services in different sectors. It has three main business verticals:

IT and Business Services (ITBS): This includes application development, cloud, digital processing and infrastructure services.
Engineering and R&D Services (ERS): Technology solutions ranging from product design to manufacturing.
HCL Software: Operates solutions acquired from IBM such as AppScan, BigFix and Notes/Domino.

In terms of revenue, the company earns from fixed-price and time-based contracts, as well as sells its products on a subscription model. HCL’s focus is on value-driven and client-need-based service delivery, making it trusted by customers around the world.

Company Overview: Infosys

Infosys was started in 1981 by Narayan Murthy and his team with a capital of just ₹ 10,000, and today it is counted among the most trusted IT companies in India. The company is operating in more than 56 countries and its brand value has crossed $ 16 billion in 2025. Infosys is recognized globally for its digital transformation, AI and cloud solutions.

Its clients include Fortune 500 companies, and it provides technology services in sectors such as BFSI, healthcare, manufacturing, and retail. The CEO and MD of Infosys is Salil Parekh, under whose leadership the company is constantly moving towards innovation and growth.

Business Model

The business model of Infosys is client-centric and technology-driven. The company earns revenue from four main areas:

Digital Services: Which includes cloud, data analytics, and AI based solutions.
Consulting and Outsourcing: Provides services to clients from end-to-end business strategy to IT implementation.
Enterprise Applications: Solutions on platforms like SAP, Oracle.
Managed Services: Long-term support of infrastructure and applications.

Infosys’ model is scalable and globally competitive, in which the ‘Global Delivery Model’ plays a major role. This model helps the company to provide high-quality services at low cost.

Who is Better: HCL Technologies Or Infosys?

In 2025, both HCLTech and Infosys have shown significant progress in their respective fields.

Financial performance : Talking about financial performance, Infosys’ total revenue was around ₹ 1.66 lakh crore, which is far ahead of HCLTech’s around ₹ 1.19 lakh crore. Also, Infosys’ net profit and operating margin are also better than HCLTech, which reflects the company’s operational efficiency and profitability.
Strategic focus : In terms of strategic focus, HCLTech has secured large contracts in cloud migration and AI services, giving it a strong market presence among large enterprise clients. At the same time, Infosys has emphasized on AI-based new products and language model development, thereby playing a leading role in digital transformation.
Global Presence : The global presence of both the companies is almost the same, both are operating in about 60 countries. But Infosys has been slightly better in adding new clients, which has diversified its revenue streams and customer base.
Future plans : Both companies have prioritized balanced growth in their future plans. HCLTech is planning further expansion in the cloud and AI sector, while Infosys is focusing on improving operating margins and responsible use of AI.

Overall, both companies are strong in their respective domains of expertise and are making significant contributions to the IT industry. Saying who is better depends entirely on the investor’s risk profile and analysis of the company’s fundamentals. It is essential for investors to conduct a thorough analysis of both the companies along with management’s track record in delivering results before investing.

Comparative Analysis: HCL Technologies Vs Infosys

Particulars	HCL Technologies	Infosys
Current Price (₹)	1,740	1,623
Market Cap (₹ Crores)	4,72,151	6,74,187
52-W High (₹)	2,012	2,007
52-W Low (₹)	1,303	1,307
FII Holdings as of March 2025	19.14%	29.4%
DII Holdings (as of March 2025)	15.48%	34.46%
Book Value (₹)	257	231
PE Ratio	27.1	25.4

(Data as of 21 June 2025)

Financial Statements Analysis

Income Statement Comparison

Particulars	HCL Technologies	Infosys
Total Income	1,19,540	1,66,590
Total Expenses	95,635	1,28,566
EBIT	23,905	38,024
Net Profit	17,399	26,750

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Balance Sheet Comparison

Particulars	HCL Technologies	Infosys
Reserves & Surplus	69,112	93,745
Current Liabilities	28,039	42,850
Current Assets	62,109	97,099
Other Assets	28,960	30,135

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Cash Flow Statement Comparison

Particulars	HCL Technologies	Infosys
Cash Flow from Operating Activities	22,261	35,694
Cash Flow from Investing Activities	-4,914	-1,946
Cash Flow from Financing Activities	-18,561	-24,161

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Key Performance Ratios (KPIs)

Particulars	HCL Technologies	Infosys
Operating Profit Margin (%)	20.42	23.32
Net Profit Margin (%)	14.86	16.41
ROE (%)	24.96	27.87
ROCE (%)	30.84	35.85
Debt to Equity (x)	0.03	0.00

(Data as of March 2025)

Future plans of HCL Technologies

The future plans of HCL Technologies are mentioned below;

Investing and scaling in Generative AI : HCLTech has further strengthened its AI strategy in FY25. The company has launched platforms such as “AI Force” and “Enterprise AI Foundry”, which optimize the entire lifecycle of software development and product engineering. In the first quarter of FY25, HCLTech has signed 12 new AI-integrated deals, many of which involve developing AI solutions.
Global expansion and partnerships : The company has further expanded its partnership with Google Cloud, under which 25,000 engineers will be trained on Google Gemini. In addition, HCLTech plans to set up a new AI/Cloud lab in Singapore, which will contribute to AI innovation and talent development in collaboration with local institutions.
Employee skilling and training : By the end of FY25, HCLTech aims to train 50,000 employees in generative AI. For this, the company is using platforms such as “AI Force” and “AI Foundry”, which will enable employees to develop and implement AI-based solutions.
Acquisitions and strategic partnerships : HCLTech plans acquisitions to strengthen its portfolio in regions such as Japan and Europe. The company is focused on semiconductor, automotive and platform-based businesses, which can provide stable revenue streams.

Future plans of Infosys

The future plans of Infosys are mentioned below;

Investments in Generative AI and Cloud Services: Infosys forecasts its revenue growth for FY25 to be between 3% and 4%, reflecting the growing demand for AI and cloud services. The company is currently working on over 225 generative AI projects, and has integrated GenAI components across all of its service lines.
Strategic Partnerships and Acquisitions : Infosys has partnered with companies such as “Citizens Financial Group” and “Telstra”, enabling it to drive AI-driven transformation in the financial services and telecommunications sectors. In addition, the company has acquired “InSemi”, a German R&D company, strengthening its chip-to-cloud strategy.
Employee Skilling and Training : Infosys has made significant investments to train its employees in GenAI, and its employees have already built over 3 million lines of code using large language models. The company aims to enable its employees to develop and implement AI-powered solutions.
Responsible AI and Ethics : Infosys has launched the “Responsible AI Toolkit”, which helps ensure the ethical use of AI. This toolkit is helpful in identifying and addressing security risks, privacy violations, biased results, and other related issues.

Conclusion

Both HCLTech and Infosys are major players in the Indian IT sector, which have gained a strong foothold in the market on the basis of their respective strengths and strategies. While Infosys focuses more on digital innovation and operational excellence, HCLTech emphasizes on cloud services and large enterprise contracts. Both have displayed strong financial performance, but their future growth plans are different. Therefore, investment decisions should not be made only on the basis of financial metrics, but keeping in mind the company’s future plans, your individual goals and risk tolerance. It is advised to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the main difference between HCLTech and Infosys?
HCLTech focuses more on cloud and enterprise services, while Infosys leads in digital innovation and operational excellence.
Which company has better financial performance in 2025?
Infosys revenue and profit margins are better than that of HCLTech.
Are both companies expanding globally?
Yes, both companies are operating in around 60 countries and adding new clients.
Which company is investing more in AI and cloud services?
Both companies are investing in AI and cloud, but HCLTech has recently been more active in securing contracts related to cloud services.
Should I invest in HCLTech or Infosys?
The investment decision depends on your investment strategy and risk tolerance as both companies are strong players in the IT sector.

June 23, 2025

What is Angel Tax?

Once a major problem related to startup funding, called angel tax, is now a thing of the past. In the July 2024 budget, the government decided to completely abolish this tax, which came into effect from April 1, 2025. Earlier this tax was levied when a startup raised funds by selling shares at a price higher than its value.

In this blog, we’re going to explore what the angel tax was, how it impacted startups, and why its complete abolition from April 1, 2025, marks a significant turning point for the Indian startup ecosystem.

What is Angel Tax?

Angel tax is a tax that was levied on unlisted companies (especially startups) when they sell their shares at a price higher than their Fair Market Value (FMV). The excess amount was considered “income from other sources” and was taxed at around 30.9%

Rate of Angel Tax

About 30.9% tax was levied on the amount received above the FMV. Apart from the base tax, it also included cess and surcharge.

Why was it called the “Angel” tax?

Because this tax specifically impacted investors called “angel investors”—people who invested in startups at an early stage.

When did it start?

This initiative was introduced by the Government of India in the 2012 Finance Budget (Finance Act 2012) and was implemented by April 2013

Is it still in effect?

No, its complete abolition was announced in the July 2024 budget, and has been implemented with effect from 1 April 2025.

Why Was Angel Tax Introduced?

The reason behind the introduction of Angel Tax was:

Introduction to curb black money : Angel tax was first introduced in 2012 with the aim of curbing the investment of black money in the name of startups. At that time, many companies used to issue shares at a premium much higher than their real value, which increased the possibility of tax evasion and money laundering.
Legal aspects : To implement this tax, the government added section 56(2)(viib) to the Income Tax Act. This means that if a private company raises money by selling shares at a price higher than their actual value, then that extra amount will be considered as income and will be taxed. According to the government, this was necessary so that those who raise funds through illegal means could be controlled.
Impact on startups : Although its purpose was to increase transparency tax revenues, many genuine startups and angel investors suffered from it. There were obstacles in funding and investors also started hesitating. This was the reason why the government decided to abolish it in 2024.

Who Has to Pay Angel Tax? (Applicability Criteria)

The scope of angel tax was initially quite limited, but it affected all unlisted companies that raised funds by issuing shares at a price higher than their FMV. In most cases, these were startups that raised money from angel investors for initial investment.

If a startup was not recognized by DPIIT, and sold shares at a price higher than FMV, it would have to face this tax. However, recognized startups were exempted from this tax with certain conditions.

Calculation of Angel Tax with Example

Angel tax was calculated based on the difference between the Fair Market Value (FMV) of the shares and the price at which they were actually sold. If a startup sold shares whose FMV was supposed to be ₹100 at ₹150, the difference of ₹50 was considered as “additional income” and was taxed.

Example : Suppose a startup sold 1,000 shares at ₹150 per share while their FMV was ₹100.

Total amount = ₹1,50,000
Value as per FMV = ₹1,00,000
Excess amount = ₹50,000 (taxable)

How was FMV determined?

As per Income Tax Rule 11UA, startups could determine FMV in two valid ways:

NAV (Net Asset Value): The value was determined based on the company’s assets and liabilities.
DCF (Discounted Cash Flow): The company’s estimated future cash flow was discounted to today’s value.

Safe Harbour Rule : Rule 11UA provided that if the premium is up to 10% more than the FMV, the difference will not be considered taxable. This helped avoid tax disputes on small valuation mistakes.

Impact of Angel Tax on Indian Startups

The impact of Angel Tax on Indian startups can be summarized in the following points below:

Raising funding became difficult : When angel tax was implemented, many startups had trouble raising investment. Investors were afraid that if they invested above the Fair Market Value, they might receive a notice from the tax department.
Investors’ hesitation : Angel investors had to bear the risk of tax at the initial stage. Due to this, many people started shying away from investing in new startups, due to which innovative ideas were not able to get the necessary funds.
Some big examples : In 2015–16, the bank accounts of TravelKhana (Duronto Technologies) were frozen and an amount of ₹33 lakh was seized by the tax department. Similarly, a company named Babygogo lost an amount of about ₹72 lakh due to tax disputes. These incidents were an indication that Angel Tax not only stopped funding but also affected the day-to-day financial activities of startups.

Angel tax had inadvertently made the investment environment in India negative, thereby slowing down the startup ecosystem.

Recent Updates on Angel Tax (As of 2025)

Angel Tax to be abolished in Budget 2024‑25 :

On July 23, 2024, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced in the Union Budget 2024‑25 that Angel Tax is being abolished for all investors.
It has been fully implemented from April 1, 2025.

What is its effect?

Now DPIIT recognized startups will not face any angel tax for neither domestic nor foreign investors.
This relieved both startups and angel investors of tax hassles and legal uncertainty.
The DPIIT secretary confirmed in January 2025 that the decision had led to a rise in “reverse flipping” startups now setting up headquarters in India rather than overseas.

Angel Tax is gone and this has strengthened India’s startup ecosystem and the investment environment has become even more positive after Budget 2025.

Conclusion

The decision to abolish angel tax in 2025 has proved to be a big positive step for the Indian startup ecosystem. This has not only increased investor confidence but has also made it easier for companies working on new ideas to get funding. The tax uncertainty that startups have been facing for a long time has now been relieved. These changes taken by the government show that India is now more prepared to encourage innovation and startups here will find a strong, stable and reliable environment in the years to come.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is Angel Tax still applicable in India?
No, Angel Tax is not applicable on DPIIT recognized startups from 1st April 2025.
What was the rate of Angel Tax?
Any amount exceeding the FMV was taxed at approximately 30.9%.
Who was most affected by Angel Tax?
Angel investors and early startups faced the most problems due to this tax.
Why did the government remove Angel Tax in 2025?
The government took this decision to promote startups and improve the investment environment.

June 23, 2025

What Is The Difference Between Large Cap, Mid Cap, And Small Cap Funds?

Before investing in the stock market, it is important to understand what large-cap, mid-cap and small-cap funds are. Every fund has a different risk and return profile, and it is beneficial to choose the right category based on your investment goals. According to SEBI, companies are classified into three categories based on their market capitalisation: large cap, mid cap, and small cap. Mutual funds invest in shares of these companies and based on their investment portfolios, these mutual funds are also categorized as large, mid and small cap funds.

In this blog, we will understand in simple language what the difference is between small cap, mid cap and large cap funds and which one may be better for you.

What is Market Capitalization?

When assessing the size of a company, the first thing that comes to mind is its market capitalization. This actually shows the total market value of that company – that is, how much the company is worth today.

The formula is:

Market Capitalization = Current share price × Total number of outstanding shares

SEBI Classification of Large Cap, Mid Cap, and Small Cap

When it comes to understanding the market size and risk associated with a company, SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) market cap ranking is the most relevant guide. SEBI updates the ranking of companies every six months and divides them into three groups based on their size:

Large Cap: Companies that fall in the top 1 to 100 ranks based on market cap are considered as such. These are usually well-known, strong and stable companies like Reliance Industries, TCS, HDFC Bank, etc.
Mid Cap: These include companies ranked 101 to 250, which are in the growth stage and have the potential to become large caps in the future. Example: Trent, Cummins India, AU Small Finance Bank, etc.
Small Cap: Companies that are ranked lower than 251 can be considered as small cap companies. These have the potential to grow rapidly but also have a higher risk associated with them. Example: IndiaMART, RBL Bank, Happiest Minds, etc.

If we understand the concept of small cap, mid cap and large cap, then it can help investors decide mutual funds to invest in and get a better understanding in which type of companies their money is being invested in.

What Are Large Cap Funds?

Large cap funds are mutual funds that invest in companies with a large market capitalization i.e., companies with ranking between top 1 and 100. These companies are known for their strong business models, stable revenues and long track record. Hence, these funds offer the most stability to investors.

Large cap companies usually have established their name and credibility in the market, making their stocks less volatile. This is why these funds have a lower risk and are suitable for investors who want stable and reliable returns over a long period of time.

Advantages:

Lower price fluctuations
Stable returns with low risk
Suitable for long term investors

Disadvantages:

Lower returns than mid and small cap mutual funds.

What Are Mid Cap Funds?

Mid-cap funds are mutual funds that invest in companies with a market ranking between 101 and 250. These companies are neither too big nor too small, that is, their size is between large and small cap. This is why these funds offer investors a balanced option with a mix of higher returns and safety.

Mid-cap companies are usually in the growth stage, with the potential to become large caps in the future. Hence, their growth prospects are good, but at the same time they are also more volatile.

Advantages:

Possibility of better returns than large caps
Lower risk than small caps
Helpful in maintaining balance in the portfolio

Disadvantages:

Higher volatility than large caps
Impact on returns during recessions

What Are Small Cap Funds?

Small cap funds are mutual funds that invest in companies that rank 251 and below in the market cap rankings. These companies are relatively new, small and have the potential to grow rapidly. Hence, this fund category attracts investors who are willing to take a little more risk to earn higher returns.

Small cap funds are considered to be the most volatile among all the mutual fund categories, but they also have the highest potential to become multibaggers in the long term.

Advantages:

High growth potential
Possibility of great returns in the long term
Opportunity to earn big returns with small investments

Disadvantages:

High risk and high volatility
First to be affected in a recession or market downturn

Small Cap vs Mid Cap vs Large Cap Funds – Key Differences

Feature	Large Cap Funds	Mid Cap Funds	Small Cap Funds
Risk Level	Low risk, more stability	Moderate risk with some volatility	High risk, highly volatile
Return Potential	Stable but relatively limited returns	Higher return potential than large caps	Highest return potential, but comes with greater risk
Investment Horizon	Long-term (5+ years), suitable for retirement or safety	Medium to long-term (5–7 years)	Long-term (7–10 years), requires patience and risk tolerance
Investor Type	Conservative investors seeking steady growth	Investors willing to take moderate risks	Aggressive investors aiming for high growth
Impact of Market Movements	Least affected during market downturns	Moderate fluctuations during market changes	Most affected during market volatility

Which fund is right for whom?

When it comes to comparing small cap vs mid cap vs large cap, the simple answer depends on the investor’s needs and risk profile:

If one wants stability and does not want to take too much risk, then large cap funds are better.
If you can tolerate a little higher return and a little risk, then mid cap is a balanced option.
And if you are ready for long term growth and are not afraid of short term volatility and higher risks, then small cap funds may be for you.

Which One Should You Choose?

When deciding between large, mid and small cap funds, you should consider the following factors:

Understand the risk appetite : Every investor has a different risk appetite. Some investors are willing to take more risk, while some want safe and stable returns. If you want a safe investment, then large cap funds are a better option. On the other hand, mid cap and small cap funds offer more risk along with higher returns.

Pay attention to the investment horizon : If the investment period is short (3–5 years), then large cap funds are most suitable as they provide stability. On the other hand, better returns can be obtained by investing in mid and small cap funds for a long period (5–10 years or more).

Decide your financial goals : What is your goal? Buying a house, children’s education, retirement planning or wealth creation? If your goal is to keep the capital safe, then a large cap fund is a good option. If your focus is on growth and wealth creation, then mid and small caps can be better options.

Avoid Concentration in One Category : It is not wise to invest all the money in just one fund category. Diversification is important and it is advised to divide the investment in a balanced manner in all three categories (Large, Mid, Small). This not only reduces the risk, but also offers better risk-adjusted returns in different market situations.

Think Long-Term & Be Patient : Mutual fund returns are affected by ups and downs in the market, but there is a possibility of good growth in the long term – especially in mid cap and small cap if you are patient and disciplined.

Conclusion

While investing in the stock market, it is very important to know how large cap, mid cap and small cap funds work and what is the difference between them. Each fund category has its own features – some offer stability, while others offer the opportunity for rapid growth.

If the categories of these funds and their risk profile are understood properly, then investment decisions can be taken more strategically. This understanding not only balances the risk but also gives better returns in the long run. Every investment made with the right information and strategy can bring you one step closer to your financial goal. It is advised to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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5	Best Small Cap Defence Stocks in India

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the main difference between large cap, mid cap, and small cap funds?
The main difference between different types of funds is the size of companies they invest in. Large cap funds invest in established companies, mid cap funds include medium-sized companies, and small cap funds include small companies.
Which type of fund is safer for beginners?
Large cap funds are considered safer for beginner investors as they have greater stability.
Can I invest in all three fund types together?
Yes, investing in all three together keeps the portfolio diversified and the risk is also balanced.
Do small cap funds give better returns than large cap?
Small cap funds can give higher returns in the long term, but they also have higher risk.
How do I decide which fund is right for me?
This depends on your age, risk taking ability and investment period.

June 23, 2025

What is CAMS KRA? How to check KYC Status?

We all know that it is mandatory to complete the KYC (Know Your Customer) process before you can invest in financial assets such as mutual funds. To make this process easy and control it from a single place, SEBI implemented the KRA (KYC Registration Agency) system, one of which is CAMS KRA. This agency stores and manages the KYC details of investors on a central platform.

In this blog, we will discuss the CAMS KRA in detail and how to check the KYC status.

What is CAMS KRA?

The full form of CAMS KRA is Computer Age Management Services – KYC Registration Agency. It is a leading KRA (KYC Registration Agency) of India, which got approval from SEBI in mid-2012. CAMS started in 1988 as an RTA (Registrar & Transfer Agent), but later it also started providing KYC verification services. The main work of CAMS KRA is to collect the KYC information of investors, verify it, and store it in a central database and share it with all financial intermediaries like mutual fund houses, brokers, and other SEBI-registered institutions.

The advantage of this is that once KYC is done, there is no need to submit documents on different platforms again and again. CAMS KRA has developed a trusted and regulated system, which makes the investment process fast, easy and secure.

How many KRAs are there in India?

There are 5 SEBI-registered KRAs in India that handle the KYC process of investors. The work of every KRA is almost the same, but there may be some difference in technical interface, speed and user experience.

Names of main KRAs :

CAMS KRA (CISPL)
CVL KRA (CDSL Ventures Limited)
Karvy KRA
NSDL KRA
NSE KRA (DotEx International)

KYC done with any of the KRAs is valid and once it is done, then the same process does not have to be done again in other intermediaries.

Types of CAMS KRA KYC Forms

Every individual has a different financial profile, and accordingly, different types of KYC forms have been created on CAMS KRA. Choosing the right form makes the KYC process easier and faster. Below are some of the main form types:

Individual KYC Form : This form is for those who wish to invest in their individual name. It is required to be filled before starting investing in mutual funds, stocks or other financial products. Documents required: PAN card, Aadhaar card, address proof, and photo.

Non-Individual KYC Form : This form is for companies, trusts, partnership firms, HUFs (Hindu Undivided Families), etc. The format of the form and documents is different as there can be more than one authorized signatory. Documents required: Registration certificate, board resolution, PAN card, ID proofs of authorized representatives, etc., depending upon the applicant.

Minor KYC Form : This form is to be filled if an investment is being made in the name of a minor. It includes the child’s information as well as the guardian’s details and documents. Documents required are the child’s birth certificate, guardian’s PAN and Aadhaar.

Since the purpose of each form is different, it is very important to understand the type of form correctly while submitting the documents. This ensures that the KYC process is completed without any hindrance.

Advantages of CAMS KRA

CAMS KRA is a platform that not only makes the KYC process easy, but also completes it with confidence and regulations. Here are some of its key benefits:

Fast processing : The verification process usually takes between 2 to 10 working days, depending on the accuracy of submitted documents and completion of IPV.
Simple and clean interface : The website is designed in such a way that anyone can easily fill the form and upload documents, even if they do not have much technical knowledge.
Facility to check status anytime : If you want to know how far the KYC has progressed, you can login to CAMS KRA and check the status anytime and update the information if needed.
Compliance with SEBI rules : This platform works completely as per the regulations made by SEBI, which ensures that the process is being done in a transparent and correct manner.
No compromise on data security : User information like PAN, Aadhaar and other details are completely encrypted and stored on secure servers to ensure no data is leaked or misused.
Valid everywhere: Once KYC is completed on CAMS KRA, it is accepted by most mutual funds, stock brokers and other financial platforms. There is no need to re-do KYC.

CAMS KRA KYC Process: Step‑by‑Step

It is important to complete KYC before you start investing. Completing KYC through CAMS KRA is a simple process that can be completed both online and offline.

Step 1: Fill the correct form

First, choose the KYC form as per your profile (Individual, Non-Individual or Minor). The form requires basic information like name, date of birth, mobile number and address.

Step 2: Submit documents

PAN card, Aadhaar card (or other address proof), passport size photo and active mobile number are required. In online KYC, these have to be scanned and uploaded, while offline, a physical copy is given.

Step 3: In-Person Verification (IPV)

IPV is mandatory, which can be done through a video call or by visiting the nearest centre. Its purpose is to confirm the identity.

Step 4: Verification and Status Update

After verification of all the documents and details, the KYC status becomes “Verified” which can be checked online.

The entire process is regulated by SEBI and UIDAI, keeping investor data secure.

How to Check Your CAMS KRA KYC Status

Knowing whether KYC is complete or not is as important as submitting the documents. Many times, due to lack of information about the process, people assume that their KYC is completed, while it is stuck in the process. Therefore, it is wise to check the KYC status in time.

Online method

You can check your CAMS KRA KYC status by following the below steps:

First of all, go to camskra website.
Select “KYC Status” option.
Enter your PAN number there.
As soon as you submit, your KYC status may show as Registered, Validated, On Hold, or Rejected, depending on the progress and verification of your documents..

Offline method : For those who are not comfortable doing it online, they can visit the nearest CAMS centre and check the status by providing PAN details. The team at the centre helps with the process and informs the status immediately.

It is important to keep your KYC status updated to avoid investment disruptions, especially when the documents have been submitted recently.

Different CAMS KRA KYC Status

KYC status indicates the stage of identity and document verification in the investment process. Each status has a specific reason and the next step needs to be decided accordingly:

KYC Registered / Verified : This means that the entire process has been completed successfully. The documents have been verified and now there will be no hindrance in investing.
Under Process : This status means that the verification of documents or in-person verification (IPV) is still going on. The process may take some time to complete.
On Hold / Rejected : This means that some discrepancy has been found in the submitted documents such as difference in name, wrong address, incomplete form, etc.

CAMS KRA vs Other KRAs

There are five registered KRAs authorised by SEBI to regulate and record the KYC process in India CAMS KRA, CVL KRA, Karvy KRA, NSDL KRA and NSE KRA. All these agencies have the same objective: to keep a record of investors’ KYC information in a standardised and secure system.

Each KRA works as an independent entity but has interoperability. This means that if KYC is done on one KRA, the same information is considered valid on the platform of another KRA as well. This eliminates the need for investors to get a new KYC done every time.

Each KRA has its own system, data security model and technology structure. However, all KRAs are required to follow the rules and standards set by SEBI – to keep the process transparent and reliable.

Different financial institutions (such as mutual funds, stock brokers, etc.) are registered with these KRAs, but all have to follow the same KYC rules. The only difference is in which KRA the process is being done through.

Some of the common problems related to CAMS KRA KYC and their solutions are:

1. PAN details not showing: Sometimes errors like “PAN not found” can come up. In such a case, first check whether the correct PAN number has been entered or not, and whether it is linked in the government records or not.

2. Name or address not matching : If the name or address given in the KYC form is different from the document, then verification gets hindered. It is important that the information is filled exactly as per the documents.

3. Status is showing Rejected or On Hold : In such cases, often some documents are incomplete or some mistake is left. Read the remarks carefully and correct the mentioned deficiency and upload it again.

4. Technical issue : If the website is not loading properly, then clear the browser cache, try another browser or try from mobile.

Conclusion

CAMS KRA is an easy, secure and reliable way to complete the KYC process. Its interface and service are very useful for everyone, whether a new investor or an already registered one. Operating as per SEBI guidelines, this platform provides a strong foundation to start investing. With the right documents and a little time, anyone can easily check their KYC status and complete the process.

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5	What is a Minor Demat Account? Meaning, Features & Benefits

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is CAMS KRA?
CAMS KRA is a SEBI-registered agency that registers and verifies KYC details of investors.
How can I check my CAMS KRA KYC status?
KYC status can be checked by entering PAN number on CAMS KRA website.
Is CAMS KRA KYC valid for all platforms?
Yes, once KYC is completed it is valid across platforms.
What documents are required for KYC with CAMS KRA?
PAN card, Aadhaar card and a photo are usually required.
Can I update my KYC details online?
Yes, details can be updated by filling the online form and uploading new documents.

June 21, 2025

Wipro Vs Infosys: Which is Better?

Wipro and Infosys are two very important names in the Indian IT industry. Both companies have been active in technology services for the last several decades and now have a strong presence at the global level. Infosys is today considered a leader in modern technologies like AI, cloud and digital transformation, while Wipro is also expanding rapidly in these areas.

In this case study, Wipro and Infosys will be compared on the basis of their business model, financial performance and future growth strategies, so that it becomes clear which company is ahead.

Company Overview – Wipro

Wipro’s story is one of growing from a domestic oil company to a global IT leader. It was founded in 1945 in Amalner, Maharashtra, when it manufactured vegetable oil under the name “Western India Vegetable Products”. When Azim Premji took over the reins of the company in 1966, he completely changed its direction. In the 1980s, it took its first step towards the IT sector and in 1981, India’s first minicomputer was developed. Within a few years, in 1982, its name was changed to Wipro Limited and in 1999 it became one of the few Indian IT companies to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

Global Presence and Leadership : Wipro is headquartered in Bengaluru and today its services are spread across more than 65 countries. By 2024, more than 2.3 lakh people worked for the company, of which about 37% are women. Talking about leadership, Srinivas Palia is its CEO since April 2024, who is leading the transformation phase of the company.

Business Model

Wipro’s operations are divided into four major segments in which the company shows its expertise:

IT Services : Services like software development, IT consulting and system integration.
Cloud and Infrastructure : Cloud migration, management and security solutions.
Digital Transformation : Providing end-to-end solutions to companies for digital transformation.
Consulting : Providing strategic advice while balancing both business and technology.

Wipro’s revenue in the financial year 2023-24 was around $ 11 billion, with more than 99% coming from IT services.

Strategic Acquisitions

To expand globally and adopt new technologies, Wipro has made several key acquisitions over the past few years:

Capco (2021) : Strengthened its foothold in financial services consulting
Appirio (2016) : Rapidly expanded cloud computing capabilities
Designit (2015) : Added design-focused services

Wipro’s journey is an example of a classic business transformation where the company not only transformed itself by shifting from traditional industry to technology, but also created a strong identity in the global IT world. On the strength of a vision, right decisions and continuous innovation, Wipro is today counted among the most trusted IT companies in India.

Company Overview – Infosys

Infosys was founded in 1981 by just seven engineers, with an initial capital of just ₹10,000. At that time, no one had any idea that this small startup would one day be counted among the largest IT companies in the world. In 1999, Infosys created history by getting listed on NASDAQ and today the company is providing its services in 56+ countries.

Global presence and leadership : Infosys’ headquarters in Bengaluru leads global operations today. As of 2024, the company employs more than 3.43 lakh people, of which more than 40% are women. Salil Parekh is currently the CEO of the company and under his leadership, Infosys is constantly setting new records of growth.

Business Model

Infosys’ business model focuses on both technology and consulting. The company provides customized IT solutions to global clients in the B2B segment, which includes four key services:

IT Consulting and Strategy: Providing advice and solutions to automate and optimize business processes.
Application Development and Management: Creating and maintaining software based on client needs.
Infrastructure Services: Managing cloud migration, secure networks, and IT operations.
Outsourcing Services: Outsourcing services related to BPO, finance, and HR.

Infosys’ total revenue in FY 23-24 was around $19.11 billion, with more than 95% of revenue coming from these technology services.

Acquisitions and Innovation

Infosys has always been at the forefront of innovation and technology. To further strengthen its portfolio, it has made some important acquisitions:

Skava: To gain expertise in digital commerce and mobile app development
Panaya: To improve ERP system testing and automation
BASE life science (2022): To increase the reach of the life science sector in Europe

The company also launched its own innovative products such as:

Finacle: Core banking solutions for the banking sector
Infosys Nia: Business automation tools based on artificial intelligence

Infosys’ journey starts from a small dream to becoming a global brand. Behind this is a clear vision, innovation in technology, and strong leadership team. Today, Infosys is not just an IT company, but a platform that is taking businesses around the world towards the digital future.

Comparative Analysis: Wipro Vs Infosys

Particulars	Wipro	Infosys
Current Price (₹)	266	1,622
Market Cap (₹ Crores)	2,79,180	6,73,751
52-W High (₹)	325	2,007
52-W Low (₹)	225	1,307
FII Holdings as of March 2025	11.13%	29.4%
DII Holdings (as of March 2025)	7.47%	34.46%
Book Value (₹)	79.1	231
PE Ratio	21.3	25.3

(Data as of 20 June 2025)

Financial Statements Analysis

Income Statement Comparison

Particulars	Wipro	Infosys
Total Income	92,972	1,66,590
Total Expenses	74,025	1,28,566
EBIT	18,947	38,024
Net Profit	13,192	26,750

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Balance Sheet Comparison

Particulars	Wipro	Infosys
Reserves & Surplus	80,269	93,745
Current Liabilities	28,625	42,850
Current Assets	77,777	97,099
Other Assets	37,059	30,135

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Cash Flow Statement Comparison

Particulars	Wipro	Infosys
Cash Flow from Operating Activities	16,942	35,694
Cash Flow from Investing Activities	-8,073	-1,946
Cash Flow from Financing Activities	-6,396	-24,161

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Key Performance Ratios (KPIs)

Particulars	Wipro	Infosys
Operating Profit Margin (%)	21.26	23.32
Net Profit Margin (%)	14.80	16.41
ROE (%)	15.94	27.87
ROCE (%)	19.03	35.85
Debt to Equity (x)	0.20	0.00

(Data as of March 2025)

Future Plans of Wipro

Future business plans of Wipro are listed below:

Restructuring of business model : In 2025, Wipro has revised its global business structure. Now the company has divided its services into four major units – technology services, consulting, engineering and business process services. Its aim is to provide more specialized and quick service to its clients.
Focus on innovation and research : A 60,000 square feet ‘Wipro Innovation Network’ center has been launched in Bengaluru, where research is being done on future technologies like AI, blockchain, quantum computing and cyber security. The company believes that quantum computing can be used commercially by the end of 2025.
International partnerships : Wipro has recently signed a £500 million deal with Phoenix Group (UK). Apart from this, a multi-year contract has been signed with US cyber security company Entrust to develop security solutions.
Emphasis on talent development : Wipro plans to hire more than 10,000 freshers by FY26. The company is adopting a ‘Train-Then-Hire’ model, where youth will first be taught skills and then hired. This will create a quality talent base.
Investment in healthcare sector : Wipro has announced an investment of $960 million in India in collaboration with GE Healthcare. The funds will be used to manufacture PET CT scanners and other advanced medical devices.

All these initiatives clearly show that Wipro wants to make itself a future-ready IT leader in the coming years on the basis of technology, innovation, talent and global deals.

Future plans of Infosys

Future business plans of Wipro are listed below:

Focus on global expansion : Infosys is constantly expanding its international footprint. In 2025, the company has announced new delivery centers and innovation hubs in markets like Canada, Europe and the US. Its aim is to connect more deeply with local clients and strengthen the ‘near-shore’ model.
Investment in AI and generative technology : Infosys launched its in-house generative AI platform Topaz in 2024, and in 2025 it is being used extensively in client projects. The company is focusing on making business processes smarter through AI, automation and machine learning.
Big deals and long-term projects : Recently Infosys has signed a 5-year deal worth €454 million with Danske Bank (Denmark). Apart from this, a mega AI and cloud-based project is also being worked on with Liberty Global, which will stabilize the company’s long-term revenues.
Human Capital Development : Infosys continues to maintain its fresher-friendly approach in 2025 as well. The company aims to train millions of young students through Infosys Springboard and Lex Platforms, so that they can be prepared for the digital age. Also, internal employees are also being trained in new technologies under the company’s “Reskill and Redeploy” program.
Healthtech and Sustainability Initiatives : Infosys is now also moving into the healthtech and green energy sector. The company aims to become carbon neutral by 2025 and has invested towards operating its data centers with green energy. Apart from this, there is also an emphasis on developing AI-supported solutions for healthcare clients.

Infosys’ strategy is clear: through global expansion, AI-focused innovation, long-term deals and skill development, the company is preparing itself for future challenges.

Who is Better: Wipro or Infosys?

Both Infosys and Wipro are moving in different directions in 2025. Infosys is focusing on AI and international client deals, while Wipro has adopted a new global business strategy and is focusing on developing new technologies through innovation centers. While Infosys is focusing on long-term solutions and skill development, Wipro is entering new sectors like healthcare and quantum technology. Who is better depends on how well these companies can execute their business plans in future. Furthermore, investors should conduct a thorough fundamental analysis and consider their risk profile before investing in any of these shares.

Conclusion

Both Wipro and Infosys have been strong players in the technology industry for a long time. While Infosys has managed to maintain stable growth through its client network and digital solutions, Wipro seems to be proactive in constantly changing and exploring new areas. Both these companies have adapted to the changing technology landscape in different ways. One is growing rapidly, while the other is reshaping its business model to prepare for the future. It is difficult to decide who will come out ahead due to which it would be wise to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which company has higher revenue, Wipro or Infosys?
Both Wipro and Infosys have good earnings, but Infosys has had higher revenue in recent years.
Which company is better in AI technology?
Infosys has invested heavily in AI technology and their generative AI platform is much talked about.
Is Wipro investing in new sectors?
Yes, Wipro is active in new areas like healthcare and quantum technology.
Who has a larger global presence?
Infosys’ global network is considered to be larger than that of Wipro.
Which company focuses more on employee skill development?
Both companies are working on skill development, but Infosys’ programs are on a larger scale.

June 21, 2025

Voltas vs Blue Star: Which is Better?

With the increasing temperature during the summer season, everyone seems to be rushing to purchase a new air conditioner. While global warming is a serious concern, this growing demand for air conditioners also presents an opportunity for innovation and growth within the air conditioning industry. Companies specializing in cooling technologies are now in a position to develop more energy-efficient, eco-friendly solutions.

In this blog, we will compare Voltas Limited and Blue Star Limited, the top players in the Indian Air Conditioning industry.

Voltas Limited Overview

Voltas was incorporated in 1954 as a result of a collaboration between Tata Sons and Volkart Brothers. By the year 1960, it had established itself as a prominent player in the Indian refrigeration and air conditioning industry. The company has expanded its production capacity and ventured into Middle Eastern countries. It has a strong presence in Southeast Asia and Africa. The company has executed various large projects in the UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia. The headquarters of the company are situated in Mumbai.

Business Model of Voltas Limited

There are major business segments of Voltas as listed below:

Cooling Products: The company offers cooling solutions for residential, commercial and industrial use. Their product portfolio includes air conditioners, water and air purifiers, and commercial freezers.
Electro and Mechanical Projects: Voltas has executed various electrical and plumbing projects in India and other countries. They have provided services to Burj Khalifa and Ferrari World.
Water Treatment: They also provide pumps and other services related to water treatment.

Blue Star Limited Overview

Blue Star was established in 1943 by Mohan T. Advani. Initially, it operated as a reconditioning company. Later, the company ventured into the manufacturing of ice candy machines and bottle coolers. In the late 2000s, the company expanded into electrical, plumbing and fire-fighting contracting businesses. In 2017, the company formed a wholly owned subsidiary called Blue Star International FZCO to manage global sales. The company has seven manufacturing plants across India. Their products, like room air conditioners, water purifiers, air purifiers, commercial refrigeration, etc, have become a household name. The company has its headquarters situated in Mumbai.

Business Model of Blue Star Limited

Blue Star has primarily three business segments:

Commercial Air Conditioning System: A significant portion of the company’s revenue comes from providing air conditioning solutions to large-scale projects. It offers central AC services, ducting systems and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing and Fire Fighting Solution) services for various buildings, factories etc.
Cooling Products: It also manufactures products such as inverter AC, split AC, Window AC, deep freezer, etc.
Electronic and Industrial Systems: Blue Star provides marketing, distribution, and servicing of imported professional electronics and industrial equipment through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Blue Star Engineering & Electronics Ltd.

Market Information

Particulars	Voltas Limited	Blue Star Limited
Current Market Price (INR)	1,268	1,604
Market Capitalisation (In Crores)	41,956	32,981
52 Week High (INR)	1,946	2,420
52 Week Low (INR)	1,135	1,521
Book Value (INR	197	149
P/E Ratio (x)	50.9	56.7

(As of 20 June 2025)

Performance Comparison

Return	Voltas Limited	Blue Star Limited
1 Month	2.09%	-0.47%
6 Months	-24.97%	-18.95%
1 Year	-14.74%	-3.94%
5 Years	130.60%	534.28%

(As of 20 June 2025)

Financial Statement Comparison

Income Statement Comparison

Particulars	Voltas Limited	Blue Star Limited
Total Revenue	15,737	12,042
Total Expenses	14,358	11,207
EBIT	1,378	835
Profit After Tax	960	592

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Balance Sheet Comparison

Particulars	Voltas Limited	Blue Star Limited
Reserves & Surplus	6,480	3,023
Current Liabilities	6,013	4,944
Current Assets	8,877	6,312
Other Assets	3,290	285

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Cash Flow Statement

Particulars	Voltas Limited	Blue Star Limited
Cash Flow from Operating Activities	-224	688
Cash Flow from Investing Activities	157	-463
Cash Flow from Financing Activities	-99	-162

(All values are in INR crores and the data is as of March 2025)

Key Performance Ratios

Particulars	Voltas Limited	Blue Star Limited
Operating Profit Margin (%)	8.94	6.87
Net Profit Margin (%)	6.23	4.95
ROE (%)	12.91	19.28
ROCE (%)	19.31	24.82
Debt to Equity (x)	0.13	0.07

Future Plan of Voltas Limited

To expand its business operations, the company is planning to expand its product portfolio by providing efficient and eco-friendly air cooling systems. The company has recently launched the appliances under the Voltas Beko brand name to accelerate its growth in the home appliance segment. The company is also planning to expand its operations in the Middle East and Africa.

Future Plan of Blue Star Limited

To become a leader in air conditioning and the commercial segment, the company is spending a huge amount on R&D to introduce innovative products. The company is planning to invest a huge sum of money to establish manufacturing units in Himachal Pradesh and Mumbai. The company is expected to increase its market share to 14.25% from 13.75 %. The company is also focusing on strengthening its distribution and after-sales services.

Who is Better: Voltas Limited or Blue Star Limited?

Both companies have their strengths and weaknesses. Voltas is supported by the Tata Group brand and has a competitive edge in residential AC solutions. It is considered a top player in terms of volume. Voltas has also provided their cooling equipment in Burj Khalifa, and other top commercial and residential buildings. On the other hand, Blue Star offers a more diversified product range in the commercial segment, and it has a significant presence in the commercial sector. It provides solutions like HVAC, MEP, etc. It is difficult to say which one is better as it depends on the company’s fundamentals, future financial performance and investor’s risk profile. You are required to analyse both companies’ financial statements thoroughly before making any investment decision or consult a financial advisor to make an informed investment decision.

Conclusion

On a concluding note, both Voltas and Blue Star are prominent players in the Indian air conditioning industry. Voltas has partnered with Beko to offer refrigerators, washing machines and other household items, thereby strengthening their market position. On the other hand, Blue Star is primarily focusing on providing innovative cooling solutions. Both companies are aggressively expanding their business operations by providing a wide range of cooling solutions. However, before investing in any of these companies, it is advisable to consult your investment advisor and consider your risk profile.

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4	IndiGo vs SpiceJet: Which is Better?
5	Tata Motors Vs Ashok Leyland: Which is Better?

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Which is the older company, Blue Star or Voltas?
Blue Star is the older company as it was founded in 1943, whereas Voltas was established in 1954.
Which companies are major competitors for both Voltas and Blue Star?
Both companies face intense competition from various companies such as LG, Daikin, Hitachi, Samsung, Godrej, etc.
Which of Blue Star and Voltas is the bigger company?
Based on market capitalisation, Voltas is the bigger company.
Is Voltas a part of the Tata Group?
Yes, Voltas Limited is a part of the Tata Group, established due to the collaboration between Tata Sons and Volkart Brothers.
Which company has the higher FII holding among Voltas Limited and Blue Star Limited?
As of 31st March 2025, Voltas Limited has a higher FII holding of 21.96% compared to 16.94% in Blue Star Limited.

June 20, 2025

Government Bonds India – Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages of Government Bonds

For conservative investors looking for stable returns, investing in government bonds can be a viable investment option as they offer predictable returns. These financial instruments are issued by the Central and State Governments and they provide a secure way to invest and contribute toward the nation’s development.

In this blog, we will discuss the various types of Government bonds in India and discuss its benefits and drawbacks. Moreover, we will highlight key factors an investor should consider before purchasing them.

Types of Government Bonds in India

The Indian government offers a diverse range of bonds tailored to meet distinct investment objectives, such as:

1. Fixed-Rate Bonds

These bonds guarantee a set interest rate for the duration of the bond’s life. For example, a 7% GOI 2026 bond will continue to pay 7% annually until maturity. Such bonds are beneficial for conservative investors focusing on earning a steady income stream.

2. Floating Rate Bonds (FRBs)

FRBs offer variable interest payments as its interest rate is reset according to a specific benchmark at specified time intervals, usually every six months. These types of bonds are beneficial in situations in which the investors are anticipating an interest rate rise.

3. Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs)

SGBs offer investors an opportunity to invest in gold without possessing the physical asset itself. Additionally, SGBs give a 2.5% interest per year and are linked to market gold prices. They have a maturity period of 8 years with an exit option available after 5 years. As of 2025, the scheme has been stopped but existing bonds can still be bought in the secondary markets.

4. Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs)

These bonds are structured in a way where they protect the investment from inflation by adjusting the principal amount and interest payments, here inflation is measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). They assist investors by offering returns that are above inflation in order to sustain purchasing power.

5. 7.75% GOI Savings Bonds

These Bonds were introduced in 2018, they come with a 7.75% annual interest rate and a maturity period of 7 years. They are ideal for a medium-term investment strategy.

6. Treasury Bills (T-Bills)

Treasury Bills are for short-term periods of 91,182, or 364 days. They are bought at a discount and redeemed at their full value. Designed for investors with a short-term focus, Treasury Bills are often seen as a reliable investment option.

7. State Development Loans (SDLs)

Issued by State Governments, SDLs are very similar to G-Secs, but these have a bit higher interest rate because of additional risk. They are borrowed to fund the state’s fiscal deficit and utilized to finance state level projects and other expenditures. Recent innovations like the introduction of bond forwards are expected to increase the demand for SDLs and thus lower the borrowing costs for Indian states.

8. Green Bonds

These bonds are usually issued to finance projects that are environmentally eco-friendly. The Government of India is paying more attention to green bonds or other assets that fund environmentally friendly projects that help in mitigation of climate change. For example, there are plans to issue green bonds worth ₹25,000 crore in the financial year 2025.

9. Masala Bonds

Masala bonds are those which are issued outside India and denominated in Indian Rupees. Hence Indian entities can raise capital from foreign investors without currency risk. The term Masala was initiated by the International Finance Corporation and these bonds have been issued to fund infrastructure development.

Factors to Consider Before Investing in Government Bonds

Investing in government bonds might give the impression that it is relatively simple, however, making the correct investment requires some understanding of the following elements. Before investing your money in govt bonds, consider the following questions:

1. Investment Horizon

The duration of your investment is extremely important. In India, government bonds are available in different tenures, some are short term (like Treasury Bills) while others, including the 7.75% GOI Savings Bonds, can take 7 years or more. If your goals are short-term (like purchasing a laptop or paying for a class), then short-duration bonds will be more useful. For long-term goals (like financing a college education, or saving for a business), opt for long-term duration bonds.

2. Interest Rate Environment

As is the case with all financial instruments, bonds are also affected by interest rate changes. If the economy is going through a period of rising interest rates, it means that new bonds pay a higher coupon rate. The older bonds with lower rates will become less popular, causing their prices to dip in the secondary market. On the contrary, when interest rates drop, older bonds become more valuable. If you are expecting a rise in interest rates, avoid long-term fixed-rate bonds. Instead, opt for Floating Rate Bonds or short-term instruments.

3. Inflation

Returns are affected by the rising inflation. Suppose you have invested in a fixed-rate bond with an interest return of 6% per annum while inflation is at 7%, your real return will be negative 1%. In the long term, this can adversely affect your financial position.

Inflation-Indexed Bonds (IIBs) counteract this problem. They are designed to adjust the income yield to inflation so the purchasing power is maintained.

4. Liquidity

Not all government bonds have the same ease of sale. Some bonds ( for example, G-Secs) can be sold in the secondary market, while others (for example, 7.75% GOI Bonds) restrict the bond holder until maturity or payment of penalties for early surrender.

Should you find yourself in need of accessing the funds prior to the bonds’ set maturity date, make sure to select bonds with more favorable secondary market liquidity or consider bond mutual funds and ETFs which have more straightforward exit strategies.

5. Tax Consequences

Like all other gains realized on financial assets, the interest payment you receive from government bonds will be added to your taxable income and taxed accordingly. If your income falls in the higher income tax slab then your net earnings may be greatly reduced.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Government Bonds in India

Like any other investment, government bonds in India have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. Let’s dig deeper into each one:

Advantages

1. Safety and Security: Government bonds are one of the safest investment options. They carry full government guarantee, which means the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and the Central/State Government back these, thus significantly reducing the chances of default.

2. Predictable Returns: Fixed-rate bonds make certain returns readily available over the bonds period of maturity. This means that you will have a clear understanding on how much you are earning on an annual basis, which aids in making better financial decisions.

Example: Market fluctuations have no impact on a person who invests ₹1 lakh on a 7% fixed rate GOI bond, as the amount will remain the same at ₹7,000 every year till maturity.

3. Portfolio Diversification: Including government bonds in an investment portfolio diversifies the risk. Equities and mutual funds do yield stronger returns, but their unpredictability is off the charts. Consequently, bonds do help in lowering the overall portfolio risk along with providing consistent returns.

4. Accessible to Retail Investors: In the past, bonds issued by the government were primarily targeted at institutional investors. Now, through direct platforms such as RBI Retail Direct, individuals can easily purchase and sell bonds online without the use of brokers. The low minimum investment makes it more attractive starting at ₹1,000.

Investors are able to gain exposure to government bonds through mutual funds or ETFs that exclusively invest in G-Secs.

5. Support for Nation Building: Purchasing government bonds serves as a ticket for indirect participation in public projects such as constructions, educational institutions, and health care systems. Hence, it becomes an appropriate investment which comes with a sense of responsibility.

Disadvantages

1. Lower Returns: If you want the security of government bonds, you will receive less of a reward in the form of returns when compared to corporate bonds or equities. Equity mutual fund investments may deliver returns of 12% annually while governmental bonds yield approximately 6% to 7%

2. Interest Rate Risk: When interest rates change, bond prices fluctuate. This means that long term bonds are much riskier due to this capital loss if you are planning to sell before the bond matures.

3. Inflation Risk: Certain bonds don’t change their value based on inflation. As we know, inflation is a detrimental result of an economy overheating and down the road, inflation may drastically diminish the value and purchasing power of money in terms of goods and services.

4. Liquidity Constraint: Unlike other bonds, a subset of government bonds cannot be easily traded on secondary markets and certain bonds cannot even be sold due to penalties. Bonds that are tradeable may have low liquidity in the secondary market which may lead to delays, price drops, or even diminished demand completely.

5. Interest Income Taxation: Most government bonds with interest attached to them suffer the consequence of being fully taxable. This is particularly true if you are in a higher tax bracket, as it lowers the effective return you receive.

Conclusion

The government bonds in India are reliable investment options as they guarantee predictable returns making them suitable for more conservative investors. It is important to know the different types of bonds, their characteristics, and the risks that come with them in order to invest appropriately and achieve your financial objectives. However, it is advised to consult a financial advisor before investing.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the minimum amount one can invest in government bonds in India?
The minimum investment amount differs from one type of bond to another.
Are government bonds subject to tax?
Interest earned from government bonds comes under tax liabilities, but some bonds like the Sovereign Gold Bonds give tax relief on capital gains if claimed after a certain period of time.
In what ways am I able to procure government bonds in India?
Bonds are available for purchase through the RBI Retail Direct, NSE, BSE, or through licensed banking and financial institutions.
Are Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) permitted to invest in bonds issued by the government of India?
NRIs can invest in Government bonds but they must comply with certain rules and eligibility parameters defined by the Reserve bank of India.
What is the effect of selling a government bond before its maturity date?
Selling a bond prior to its maturity date in the secondary market can lead to profits or losses depending on the market price in the secondary market.

June 20, 2025

Blog

10+ Best Investment Plans for Monthly Income in India

Overview of the Top Best Monthly Investment Plan for Monthly Income in India 2025

1. Post Office Monthly Income Scheme (POMIS)

2. Monthly Income Mutual Funds (MIPs)

3. Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS)

4. Corporate Fixed Deposits

5. Government Bonds (with monthly interest option)

6. RBI Floating Rate Savings Bonds

7. Annuity Plans from Insurance Companies

8. SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan) from Mutual Funds

9. Real Estate (Rental Income)

10. REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts)

11. Dividend-Paying Stocks

12. Peer-to-Peer Lending (with monthly EMIs)

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the safest monthly income scheme in India?

Can I get ₹10,000 per month from any investment plan?

Are mutual fund SWPs taxable?

What are REITs and how do they pay monthly income?

Is P2P lending safe for earning a monthly income?

Tata Group : An Overview

Business Model

Reliance Group : An Overview

Business Model

Comparative Analysis (from Screener, Refer Sample)

Financial Position of Tata vs Reliance Group

Tata Group

Reliance Group

Future Plans – TATA vs RELIANCE

1. Green Energy & Sustainability

2. Retail & Consumer Business

3. Global Footprint

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions(FAQs)

Which group is bigger, Tata or Reliance Industries?

When was Tata Motors established?

Which one is better for long-term investment?

Can I invest in companies of both groups?

Which company has more profits: Reliance Industries or Tata Motors?

Top 10 Best Credit Cards in India 2025

Overview of the Best Credit Cards in India 2025

1. Axis Bank ACE Credit Card

2. Flipkart Axis Bank Credit Card

3. Amazon Pay ICICI Bank Credit Card

4. SBI Cashback Card

5. HDFC Regalia Gold Credit Card

6. Axis Bank ATLAS Credit Card

7. HDFC Infinia Metal Edition

8. American Express Platinum Travel Card

9. HPCL IDFC FIRST Power Credit Card

10. IndianOil Axis Bank Credit Card

How to Choose the Best Credit Card in India in 2025

How to Invest in Credit Card Stocks in India

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are Credit Cards?

Which debit card type is most prevalent in India?

Should I get a credit card?

What was the first credit card in India?

Can cash be withdrawn from an ATM using a credit card?

How is the credit card limit decided?

Is there an annual fee for every card?

What is the impact of delayed credit card payment?

Is it necessary to provide income proof for every credit card?

What is the most widely accepted type of credit card?

Company Overview: HCL Technologies

Business model

Company Overview: Infosys

Business Model

Who is Better: HCL Technologies Or Infosys?

Comparative Analysis: HCL Technologies Vs Infosys

Financial Statements Analysis

Income Statement Comparison

Balance Sheet Comparison

Cash Flow Statement Comparison

Key Performance Ratios (KPIs)

Future plans of HCL Technologies

Future plans of Infosys