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  • Silver Rate Prediction for the Next 5 Years in India

    Silver Rate Prediction for the Next 5 Years in India

    The presence of silver in Indian households is nothing new; we have always carried an affinity towards silver. However, in recent times, silver has attracted people by becoming more than just something that is traditionally owned. As silver continues to gain popularity, it’s now becoming one of the top choices for those wanting to invest in the future.

    In this blog, we will take a simple, easy look at silver’s journey so far, what is pushing its price right now, and what the next five years might look like.  

    Historical Trend of Silver Prices in India

    • In the 1980s and 1990s, silver prices in India were low and rose slowly. In 1981, it stood at about ₹2,700 per kg; however, by the early 1990s, it had risen to about ₹8,000 per kg. The 1990s were a mix of positive and negative developments.
    • In the early 2000s, things indeed started to improve. By 2004, prices had risen to over ₹11,000 per kilogram, and the metal started to adapt more to the declining rupee, the expansion of technology, and global demand.
    • The real action took place from 2006 to 2012. The price of silver increased dramatically, reaching ₹17,000 per kilogram in 2006 and then nearly ₹57,000 per kilogram in 2011. This was one of India’s major silver price increases. Following the peak, prices decreased and, by 2014, they were stable at ₹43,000 per kilogram.
    • Silver remained relatively stable between 2015 and 2019. Demand was steady but not particularly high.
    • In the 2020s, the momentum returned. By 2023, silver was trading at nearly ₹67,000 per kilogram, driven by the pandemic’s renewed interest in precious metals. Prices increased mainly because of rising consumption of solar panels, electronics, and electric vehicles.
    • Silver took off once more by 2024 and 2025. In 2024, prices exceeded ₹95,000 per kg. Even though silver has experienced enough instances of abrupt dips and sharp spikes over the years, the metal has generally trended upward.

    Past 5-Year Silver Returns

    YearRate (Rs.)
    202063,435
    202162,572
    202255,100
    202378,600
    202495,700
    2025173,000
    Past 5-Year Silver Returns
    Past 5-Year Silver Returns

    Read Also: Gold Rate Prediction for Next 5 Years in India (2026–2030)

    Factors Affecting Silver Prices 

    1. An increasing use of technology – There is silver in phones, laptops, electric vehicles, solar panels, and even 5G towers. So, as these industries grow, so does the need for silver, which naturally drives up prices.
    2. People Buying Silver as Investments – People look for safer places to keep their money when the economy is weak or prices are going up. Silver becomes one of the preferred investment avenues, and prices usually go up when more people want to buy it.
    3. Rupee–Dollar Movement – Since silver is priced in US dollars, any change in how strong or weak the rupee is affects its price in India. If the rupee falls, silver becomes more expensive for all of us, even if global prices stay the same.
    4. Uncertainty in geopolitics – Wars, political tensions, and problems with the global economy make investors anxious. When things like this happen, people rush to buy precious metals, which drives up the price of silver.
    5. Taxes on Imports and Government Rules – Most of India’s silver comes from other countries. So, if taxes or import duties go up, the price of silver also rises. Alterations in policy can quickly change prices.

    Current Silver Market Scenario 

    India has been experiencing a good rise in silver prices. Silver is currently worth approximately ₹1.67 lakh per kg, which is far greater than its position at the beginning of the year. The rise has been largely attributed to a combination of the international demand, a weaker rupee and increased industrial use.

    The other factor that is causing silver to perform well is the overall market mood. Investors have been seeking safer investments, and silver has taken advantage of this. Analysts on the global side are discussing a potential shortage of supply, and this is making it bullish.

    The market is not, however, entirely one-way. There are also reports that industrial demand might ease slightly, so the rally might decelerate. Nonetheless, on the whole, silver remains in a good position and has numerous positive aspects.

    Silver Price Prediction 

    According to a recent outlook, silver is entering a strong multi-year uptrend. It is believed the metal could touch ₹2,45,000 per kilo by 2026- 27 in India. This rise is not just because silver prices are rising globally; the weakening rupee also plays a big role in lifting prices here at home.

    The international silver prices are expected to head towards $75–77 per ounce by 2027, up from the $50-range right now. But the bigger story is the demand side. Silver is not just for jewellery anymore; it is used in electric vehicles, solar panels, batteries, and 5G technology is growing quickly. Since a lot of silver is produced as a by-product of mining other metals, supply cannot easily ramp up even when prices rise.

    On average, silver can swing almost 1.7 times more than gold, which means higher upside but more volatility too. But for now, the bigger trend is still positive.

    In simple words, if the rupee continues to weaken and global demand stays strong, silver prices in India could see some major highs over the next five years 

    Read Also: Best Silver Stocks in India

    Should You Invest in Silver 

    Silver can be a great addition to your investment mix, but it depends on the kind of investor you are. On the positive side, its demand is rising because of its industrial use. And during times when inflation is high, or the global economy is a bit off track, silver often behaves like a safety blanket, just like gold.

    But the truth is, silver is volatile. It moves faster than gold, so you will need a bit of patience. If sudden price swings make you anxious, you might find silver a little too unpredictable.

    If you are investing with a long-term mindset and you are fine with some bumps along the way, adding a small portion of silver to your portfolio can work well; even 5 -10% through silver ETFs, digital silver, or physical silver can help diversify your investments.

    Conclusion 

    Silver’s price story has been full of twists. The outlook ahead looks positive, but it is still a market that can move quickly, both up and down. Just take it slow, stay informed, and invest in a way that suits your comfort level. Silver does have a bright future, but the best results come when you balance patience with good decisions.

    S.NO.Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
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    7Historical Trend of Gold Rate – Gold Price History in India
    8A Guide To Investing In Gold In India
    9SBI Gold ETF vs HDFC Gold ETF: Where To Invest?
    10Top 10 Reasons to Invest in Gold

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. Is silver a good investment in 2025? 

      Yes, silver seems like a promising investment option because of rising demand. 

    2. Will silver prices rise in the next 5 years? 

      Most analysts expect silver to trend upward, possibly touching new highs by 2026-2030. 

    3. Is silver more volatile than gold? 

      Yes, usually silver swings more than gold. 

    4. Is physical silver better than a silver ETF? 

      For convenience and safety, ETFs are easier; physical silver is preferred if you do not have storage& liquidity issues. 

    5. Can silver prices drop suddenly? 

      If you are investing for the long term and can handle some ups and downs, starting now can be a good idea. 

  • Mukul Agarwal Portfolio 2025: Top Holdings, Net Worth & Strategy

    Mukul Agarwal Portfolio 2025: Top Holdings, Net Worth & Strategy

    Retail investors are always looking for new investment opportunities. They always try to copy a famous investor’s portfolio. Mukul Agarwal is one such investor who holds a portfolio of 6000-7000 INR. 

    In today’s blog post, we will give you an overview of Mukul Agarwal’s Portfolio, along with the learning from his portfolio. 

    Who is Mukul Agarwal?

    Mukul Agarawal is one of India’s most famous investors. He has been actively investing in stocks for the past several years. According to reports, he holds a large portfolio of stocks worth nearly 7,000 crores. He often uses an aggressive style of investing and primarily invests in mid and small-cap stocks.

    Career of Mukul Agarwal

    Mukul Agarwal started his career in the late 90s by trading unlisted IPOs and earned lakhs of INR. He founded Param Capital in 1993, which primarily focused on managing private and public portfolios. He also founded Agarwal Corporates in 1993 to focus on financial education and workshops on the equity market, while continuing to provide consultancy services to clients. Param Capital invests the amount in both small-cap companies and private unlisted companies’ equity. In 2022, he founded Finowing, which is primarily a training academy. This holds a Guinness World Record in organising a large “Financial Freedom Conclave”. 

    List of Mukul Agarwal Portfolio

    StockHolding ValueQty Held
    IFB Industries88.2 Cr500,000
    Kilitch DrugsI8.4 Cr235,000
    N R Agarwal Industries17.2 Cr340,000
    Protean eGov Tech50.9 Cr600,000
    Osel Devices90.6 Cr1,338,400
    Solarium Green Energy18.0 Cr600,000
    Unified Data Tech Solutions45.6 Cr1,055,000
    Laxmi Finance27.4 Cr2,000,000
    Vikran Engineering32.7 Cr3,000,000
    Zelio EMobility14.8 Cr424,000
    ASM Technologies579.1 Cr1,500,000
    Tatva Chintan Pharma74.5 Cr500,000
    Monolithisch32.7 Cr600,000
    Zota Healthcare402.0 Cr2,516,989
    WPIL57.8 Cr1,500,000
    PDS130.9 Cr3,362,589
    Sirca Paints74.6 Cr1,433,421
    OneSource Specialty Pharma207.8 Cr1,200,000
    Pearl Global135.0 Cr800,000
    Oriental Rail54.4 Cr3,400,000
    InfoBeans Tech61.2 Cr1,000,000
    Kingfa Science128.1 Cr300,000
    Stanley Lifestyles16.8 Cr700,000
    Vasa Denticity23.8 Cr410,000
    Ajmera Realty74.8 Cr759,493
    LT Foods161.0 Cr3,900,000
    Valor Estate95.1 Cr6,500,000
    Deepak Fertilisers211.7 Cr1,500,000
    Allcargo Gati46.2 Cr7,000,000
    Hind Rectifiers39.0 Cr250,000
    Indo Count77.3 Cr2,500,000
    India Metals & Ferro Alloys82.2 Cr599,329
    Jammu & Kashmir Bank150.1 Cr14,000,000
    Jagsonpal Pharma24.3 Cr1,157,557
    J Kumar Infraprojects121.5 Cr1,975,000
    MPS171.1 Cr762,457
    Neuland Laboratories698.4 Cr400,000
    Prakash Industries45.4 Cr3,083,177
    Radico Khaitan456.4 Cr1,400,083
    Sarda Energy & Minerals207.2 Cr4,000,000
    Strides Pharma100.6 Cr1,066,000
    Surya Roshni60.5 Cr2,200,000
    Wendt41.3 Cr50,000
    West Coast Paper38.8 Cr900,000
    Intellect Design Arena217.9 Cr2,000,000
    AYM Syntex41.6 Cr2,301,369
    Lux Industries53.2 Cr442,100
    Vidhi Specialty Food30.0 Cr800,000
    KDDL103.4 Cr423,180
    Kirloskar Ferrous94.6 Cr2,000,000
    Ravindra Energy37.8 Cr2,162,162
    Transpek Industry16.9 Cr118,578
    Arman Fin Serv69.2 Cr400,000
    Apollo Pipes45.3 Cr1,500,000
    PTC Industries271.1 Cr160,000
    Bella Casa Fashion37.4 Cr917,500
    TAAL Tech84.8 Cr277,931
    Capacit’e Infraprojects149.8 Cr5,150,000
    Dishman Carbogen214.7 Cr8,617,000
    Autoriders Intl31.2 Cr61,250
    Thejo Engineering30.4 Cr180,000
    Prakash Pipes15.7 Cr564,500
    Suryoday Small Finance Bank41.3 Cr3,000,000
    Tracxn Technologies9.4 Cr2,000,000
    Concord Control73.2 Cr346,167
    Yatharth Hospital87.4 Cr1,100,000
    Nuvama Wealth367.0 Cr500,000
    Siyaram Recycling18.6 Cr2,200,000
    Raymond Lifestyle89.9 Cr799,856
    KRN Heat Exchanger82.6 Cr1,000,000
    Sahasra Electronic Solutions19.6 Cr620,000
    (Data as of Sep 2025)

    Read Also: Raj Kumar Lohia Portfolio 2025: Holdings, Strategy & Analysis

    Investment Approach and Philosophy of Mukul Agarwal

    The key investment approach and philosophy of Mukul Agarwal are mentioned below:

    1. Small Cap: Mukul Agarwal primarily invests his portfolio in small-cap and micro-cap stocks. He believes that investment must be made in small-cap stocks so that they can perform in the long run.
    2. Long-term Investing: He follows the approach of long-term investing. He purchases the stocks based on his own research and holds them for several years.
    3. Research: Mukul Agarwal checks the stocks fundamentally and, based on factors like corporate governance, business growth opportunities in future, etc., he identifies the stock for investment.
    4. Focus on Business Model: Mukul Agarwal generally focuses on the quality of the business model. He does not focus on the stock’s price; therefore, his primary focus is the company’s valuation.
    5. Different Portfolios: He manages two different portfolios. One is for trading, which primarily focuses on short-term gains, whereas the other is a long-term portfolio that focuses on investment.

    Networth of Mukul Agarwal

    The net worth of Mukul Agarwal has increased significantly over the past few years. And based on various reports. Mukul Agarwal holds around 61-72 stocks in his portfolio. The value of which is around 7000 – 7500 crores. As of September 2025, his net worth is around 7623 crores.

    Read Also: Vijay Kedia Portfolio 2025: Latest Holdings, Strategy & Analysis

    Learning from Mukul Agarwal’s Portfolio

    The key learning from Mukul Agarwal’s Portfolio is as follows:

    1. Portfolio Diversification: Mukul Agarwal holds a diversified range of portfolios, which helps him in reducing sector-specific risk. 
    2. Long-term Approach: One should not invest in the stock market for the short term. It is advisable to invest in stocks and hold them for the long term.
    3. Fundamental Research: Before investing in any stocks, one should conduct thorough research and analyse the company’s profitability, revenue, growth prospects, etc.
    4. Monitoring of Portfolio: One should monitor their portfolio regularly. Continuous monitoring of investments helps in removing underperforming stocks from the portfolio.

    Read Also: Radhakishan Damani Portfolio 2025: Stocks & Strategy Insights

    Conclusion

    On a concluding note, Mukul Agarwal is one of the seasoned investors in India, who is well-known for investing primarily in small-cap and micro-cap stocks. He follows the approach of long-term investing and tries to identify the potential multibagger stocks. He clearly sets an example of how long-term disciplined investing can help in creating wealth in the long term. However, it is advisable to consult your investment advisor before making any investment.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. Who is Mukul Agarwal?

      Mukul Agarwal is a famous Indian investor who primarily focuses on investing in small-cap and micro-cap stocks. He is also the founder of Param Capital.

    2. What is the net worth of Mukul Agarwal?

      As per the latest available reports, Mukul Agarwal has a total net worth ranging from INR 7000 to 7600 crores.

    3. What investment strategy is followed by Mukul Agarwal?

      Mukul Agarwal follows a buy-and-hold investment strategy. He invests in small-cap and micro-cap stocks and holds them for the long term. He picks stocks based on fundamental research.

    4. How many stocks does Mukul Agarwal hold in his portfolio?

      Mukul Agarwal holds around 60-70 stocks in his portfolio as per the recent reports.

    5. What are the top 5 stocks in Mukul Agarwal’s portfolio?

      Based on the holding value, Mukul Agarwal’s top 5 holdings include Neuland Laboratories Limited, AMS Technologies Limited, Radico Khaitan Limited, Zota Healthcare Limited, and Nuvama Wealth Limited.

  • Check Free CRIF Credit Score Online

    Check Free CRIF Credit Score Online

    In today’s time, the approval of any loan or credit card depends largely on your credit score. This score tells banks and NBFCs how reliable you are in making payments on time. CRIF High Mark is an RBI-recognized credit bureau in India, which prepares your complete CRIF report. In this blog, we will learn how to check credit score i.e. how to check credit score for free on CRIF and why it is important to track it regularly.

    What is a Credit Score & Why Does it Matter?

    A credit score is a three-digit number (300 to 900) that reflects your financial credibility. It can also be called a “financial report card” because it determines whether you will be able to repay your loan or credit card bill on time.

    Who calculates it?

    In India, the credit score is generated by four RBI-approved credit bureaus CIBIL, Experian, Equifax and CRIF High Mark. Of these, CRIF High Mark provides both personal and business credit information.

    Importance of the score

    Whenever you apply for a loan or credit card, banks and NBFCs first look at your credit score. It gives them an idea of ​​your repayment capacity and trustworthy behavior.

    Score range and meaning

    • 750+ (Excellent): Loan approval is easy and interest rates are low.
    • 650–749 (Fair): Loan can be obtained but the terms may be a little stringent.
    • Less than 650 (Risky): Chances of approval are low and interest rates are high.

    Why is a regular check important?

    Credit score directly impacts your financial future be it a home loan, personal loan or credit card limit. Hence, it is important to check your credit score from time to time. The CRIF score and its detailed CRIF report give you a clear picture. This is why a regular credit score check with CRIF is extremely important for your financial health.

    Introduction to CRIF High Mark

    Global and Indian History of CRIF

    CRIF (Centre for Research in International Finance) is a global company, established in Italy in 1988 and spread across all four continents with presence in around 50+ countries.

    The same company acquired High Mark Credit Information Services in India which was established in 2007 and has been operating as CRIF High Mark since March 2011 after it received a license from RBI as a credit bureau.

    RBI approved Credit Bureaus in India

    CRIF High Mark is an RBI approved Credit Information Company in India, providing credit reports and scoring for both individual and business lenders.

    What makes it special?

    • It is India’s first Microlending-enabled Credit Bureau and the world’s largest Microfinance Bureau database.
    • It covers all borrower segments: retail, agriculture, rural, MSME, commercial and microfinance.
    • So far, it has tied up with 4,000+ financial institutions including cooperative banks, NBFCs, insurance companies, etc.

    Both personal and business reports

    CRIF High Mark provides two types of credit scores:

    • Personal Credit Score
    • Business Credit Score

    This is useful for both large and small businesses, and this data is used by banks, NBFCs, and other entities for their risk assessment.

    Thus, CRIF High Mark is not only a trusted and RBI-approved credit bureau, but is also unique for its comprehensive coverage, analytical capabilities, and providing both types of scores (personal and business). 

    Read Also: Credit Score: What Is It And How It Impacts You?

    How to Check Credit Score with CRIF (Step-by-Step Guide)

    Step 1: Visit the official website

    First, open the website of CRIF High Mark. Here you will find the option of “Free Credit Score” or “Get Your Score”. By clicking on it, you can start the process of checking the score. Remember, according to RBI rules, you get a free report once a year.

    Step 2: Fill in your information

    Now you have to enter some basic details like name, date of birth, PAN (or any other valid ID), mobile number and email ID. This information is taken so that the system can identify you correctly.

    Step 3: Verify with OTP

    After filling the form, tick “I agree” and proceed. An OTP will come on your registered mobile number. As soon as you enter it, your identity will be confirmed.

    Step 4: Answer additional security questions

    Sometimes CRIF asks you some questions related to your credit history like an old loan or credit card details. The system shows your report only after giving the correct answer.

    Step 5: View your score and report

    Once the verification is complete, your CRIF score will be displayed on the screen. You can also view the full CRIF report by going to the “My Report” section and download it as a PDF. The report is password-protected, usually the password is the first four lowercase letters of your name + the last four digits of your mobile number.

    Step 6: Keep the report safe

    Once downloaded, save your report in a safe place. It will be very useful for your loan or credit card application.

    Understanding Your CRIF Report

    When you check your credit score on CRIF, you not only get a number but also a CRIF Report of your entire credit history. By looking at it, you understand how you have used your loan and credit card and banks trust you after seeing it. Let’s understand it in a simple way:

    1. Personal Details : The report starts with information like your name, date of birth, PAN or Aadhaar number and mobile number. This is important so that the report is completely related to you and there is no mistake.
    2. Credit Accounts Summary : This section shows all your loan and credit card accounts – which ones are active, which ones are closed, and how much credit limit you have. This gives you a complete idea of ​​your expenses and debt.
    3. Repayment History : This section tells whether you have repaid your loan or credit card installments on time or not. If a payment is late, it is shown as “DPD Days Past Due”. Paying on time strengthens your credit profile.
    4. Enquiry Details : When you apply for a loan or credit card, the bank or NBFC looks at your report. This is called a Hard Enquiry. Having too many enquiries can have a slight impact on your score, so avoid unnecessary applications.
    5. Your CRIF Score : And finally comes your score CRIF Score (300-900). The higher the score, the more trustworthy you are. Generally, a score of 750 or above is considered good. To increase the score, timely payment and balanced use of limits are necessary.

    Read Also: How to Improve Your Credit Score?

    CRIF Score vs Other Credit Bureaus (Comparison)

    BureauScore RangeFree ReportCoverage Strength
    CRIF High Mark300 – 9001 free per yearMicrofinance, Retail Loans, Grameen Data
    CIBIL300 – 9001 free per yearWidely accepted by banks
    Experian300 – 9001 free per yearConsumer loans and credit cards
    Equifax300 – 9001 free per yearNBFC data

    Common Reasons for a Low CRIF Score

    If your CRIF score is low, it indicates that there may be some things in your credit behaviour that may cause concern for lenders. Let’s know the reasons due to which your score can be affected:

    1. Missing EMI or credit card payment : If you have not paid EMI or credit card bill on time, it negatively affects your score. Even a single default can reduce your score by 50-80 points.
    2. High Credit Utilization Ratio : If you are using 40% or more of your credit limit, it indicates that you are using more credit, which can lower your score.
    3. Multiple loan/credit applications in a short period of time : If you have applied for multiple loans or credit cards in a short period of time, it can lead to a drop in your score. Every application is accompanied by a “hard inquiry”, which affects your score.
    4. Long-overdue accounts : If you have accounts whose installments are pending, it negatively affects your score. Not making payments on time leads to a drop in your score.
    5. Limited or no credit history : If you have a very short credit history or none at all, it can affect your score. Lending institutions find it difficult to evaluate your credit behavior.
    6. Identification errors in the report : If your report has an incorrect PAN number or incorrect loan information, it can affect your score. You should contact CRIF to correct such errors.

    How to Improve Your CRIF Score

    CRIF score shows your financial health and it is directly related to your daily banking behavior. To improve it, there are some small but effective steps by adopting which you can gradually strengthen your score.

    1. Pay EMI and credit card bills on time : The easiest and effective way is to pay every EMI and credit card bill on time. Even one or two delays can harm the score. Try to always make the payment before the due date.
    2. Keep credit usage balanced : If you are using the entire or most part of your credit limit, it indicates to the bank that you are heavily dependent on debt. Try not to use more than 30–40% of the limit.
    3. Do not apply for new loans or credit cards frequently : Applying for many loans or cards in a short period of time affects the score. Every new application is recorded as a “hard enquiry”, which can pull down the score slightly.
    4. Keep the right mix of credit : If you have a balance of secured and unsecured credit, it is good for the score. For example, having a small home loan or car loan and a credit card can be beneficial.
    5. Check your CRIF report from time to time : Incorrect or outdated information can harm your score. Therefore, it is important to check your credit report at least once a year. This will help you correct the mistakes in time and track your progress.
    6. Build credit history gradually : If you have a short credit history, start with a small loan or secured credit card. Gradually, proper use increases the confidence of banks and NBFCs in your ability to pay.

    Read Also: Understanding the Difference Between Credit and Debt

    Conclusion

    Your CRIF score tells your financial story to your bank and lenders. If it is correct and strong, it is easy to get a loan or credit card. Therefore, it is very important to pay EMIs and bills on time, use credit limits in a balanced manner and pay attention to your report. If you see any mistake in the report, correct it immediately. These small habits gradually strengthen your credit and make it easier for you to make financial decisions in the future.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. What is CRIF Score?

      CRIF score ranges between 300-900 and it indicates the strength of your credit profile.

    2. How can I check my CRIF score for free?

      You can check your score and report for free once a year by visiting the official website of CRIF High Mark.

    3. Why is my CRIF score low?

      Late payments, high credit utilisation, too many loan applications or incorrect information in the report can lower the score.

    4. How often should I check my CRIF report?

      It is good to check your report at least once a year.

    5. Can CRIF score affect my loan approval?

      Yes, a low score may make banks or NBFCs not approve your loan or credit card application easily.

  • What is Per Capita Income?

    What is Per Capita Income?

    In the world there are different types of companies, some countries are rich and some are poor. Also we also hear that some countries are developed and the other is a developing company. Have you ever wondered how the experts decide this?

    Per Capita Income (PCI) it is one of the simplest ways which helps us to identify this. 

    In this blog we will be learning about Per Capita Income, how it is calculated and the benefits of Per capita income. 

    What is Per Capita Income? 

    Per Capita Income (PCI) is the average amount of money earned by each person in a country in a given period of time, generally a year. The term “per capita” means per head. So, it’s the average income per head.

    In Per Capita Income, the calculation includes all the individuals consisting of working adults, retired persons, college students, and even newborn children. PCI is not considered as an average salary of a working person, rather it is the average income that is spread across the entire population. Per capita income is generally used to check the financial health of a country.    

    How is Per Capita Income Calculated?

    The formula to calculate Per Capita Income is simple and you only require the data of a country’s total income and the total population of the country to find it accurately. 

    Formula: Per Capita Income = Total income / Total Population  

    Let’s understand it by a simple example:

    Imagine a small village in India with a population of about 1,000 people. Here you need to find out the total working people in the village and let’s say they collectively earn Rs.5 cr. in one year then, 

    Per Capita Income of the Village = Total Income (5 Cr) / Total Population (1,000) = 50,000 income of an individual per year

    Therefore the Per capita income of the village is Rs.50,000/year. This gives us a single number to understand the average income in India for that village.

    You must be curious about “Total National Income” and how we get it. This is closely related to GDP (Gross Domestic Product), it is important to understand the difference between GDP and PCI.

    GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in a country within a given year, on the other hand PCI is the average income earned by each person in the country in a given time (a year).   

    Read Also: What is Earnings Per Share (EPS)?

    Why is Per Capita Income Important?

    PCI is a very useful tool for the following reasons.

    • Standard of Living: It helps us in knowing the standard of living in a country, here a higher per capita income generally indicates that the people can purchase more goods and services, quality healthcare and better education.   
    • Better Decision Making: PCI is also used by Governments to understand which parts of the country are doing well and which part needs attention. If any of the states have low PCI then the government might allocate more resources and give opportunities to increase the PCI.   
    • Helpful for Businesses: Businesses use this data to decide how and where they can expand their operations or sales, like a company selling expensive laptops will preferably target cities with a high PCI, as people there would have more purchasing power.   
    • Country comparison: PCI also helps in comparing the economic health of different countries. Some organizations like the World Bank use Gross National Income (GNI) per capita which is identical to PCI, to classify countries into different income groups. Currently India is classified as a lower middle income economy.  

    Problems associated with Per Capita Income

    The biggest challenge associated with PCI is that it excludes inequality from its search, as it is an average of the total income which can be sometimes misleading. Let’s go back to our village example where the Per capita income was Rs.50,000 but think what if one wealthy person in the village alone earns Rs.2 crores in a year and the rest of the population (999 people) earn only Rs.30,000 each. Here the total income generated by the village is still Rs.5 crore and the PCI is Rs.50,000, but in reality most of the people are earning less than the average calculated. As we can see, the massive income generated by one person can pull the average for everyone in the country. This is the limitation of PCI as it hides the gap between the rich and the poor.   

    In PCI, the cost of living in different places is not considered as a person living in the village can easily live a good quality life with an income of Rs.1 lakhs a year as compared to someone who is living in a tier 1 city as everything from rent till food is comparatively expensive in the city. PCI doesn’t account for these price differences.

    To correct this, economists also use something called Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). PPP adjusts the income accordingly to show how much you can purchase with given money in a specific place. In India, the PCI adjusted for PPP is much higher than the simple number, giving a better picture of the actual standard of living.   

    Per Capita Income also avoids many important things that contribute to our well-being like:

    • Unpaid Work: Some works are not considered or counted under PCI such as work done at home like cooking, cleaning, washing.  
    • Informal Economy: A large chunk of the population in India is associated with the informal sector such as street vendors or a daily wage worker; the income generated by such people are not fully recorded in the official numbers, leading to a different PCI than reported. 
    • Quality of Life: PCI does not include quality of life factors like public transport, clean air, safe roads, high-quality hospitals, or how much free time people have. A country may have a high PCI but might have a bad quality of life.   

    Read Also: 20 Side Income Sources Apart From Full-Time Salary

    Conclusion

    Per Capita Income helps us in getting the gist of a country’s economic health. It helps us in making a broad comparison of the economies and helps us in understanding the economic trends of the countries.

    However, it is among some few numbers that are calculated in a country’s GDP. PCI helps in understanding how well a country, its economy and its people’s average income. Though we shall also consider other factors like income inequality, the cost of living, and all the non-monetary things as well.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. What is the meaning of Per Capita Income? 

      It is the average income earned by every single person in a country or region in a year. It’s calculated by dividing the total income of the area by its total population.

    2. Why is one income different from India’s Per Capita Income?

      One’s salary may differ from the PCI as it is the national average of income including everyone, which includes everyone from children to retirees. It also includes everyone from high income people to small income generating individuals as well as extremely wealthy individuals putting everyone in the same pool, so it doesn’t represent a typical person’s earnings.

    3. How is GDP per capita and Per Capita Income different? 

      GDP per capita is about the value of goods and services produced and made by each person on an average. Per Capita Income is about the average income each person earns in a country. They both measure different aspects of the country or region.

    4. How is GDP per capita and Per Capita Income different? 

      GDP per capita is about the value of goods and services produced and made by each person on an average. Per Capita Income is about the average income each person earns in a country. They both measure different aspects of the country or region.

    5. Can a country with a higher Per Capita Income be considered good?

      A country might have a high PCI but there can be a huge gap recorded between the rich and the poor. Also the living conditions of the country like clean air, high pollution might not be good as PCI only calculates the average income.

    6. Why is India’s Per Capita Income (PPP) higher than its normal PCI? 

      This is because the cost of living in India is lower than in many Western countries. The PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) adjustment accounts for this, showing that the money earned in India can buy more goods and services locally. This gives a more realistic idea of the standard of living.

  • Types of Dividends Explained

    Types of Dividends Explained

    When investors buy shares of companies they become a part owner of the company, so whenever the company makes profit it shares a portion of its profits with the shareholders, this type of payment is called a dividend. 

    The main idea of dividend investing is to get regular payments after buying such stocks. These payouts turn out to be shareholders rewards, but you should know that these rewards don’t always come in cash, there are several different types of dividends.  

    Some of the dividends are cash dividends where the shareholders get the money directly, but sometimes the company also gives stock dividends in which the shareholders get additional stocks. Sometimes the timing also matters, shareholders can get dividends in the middle of the year or at the end of the financial year. Let’s look at the different types of dividends and see their characteristics.    

    The Different Types of Dividends

    1. Interim Dividend

    This type of dividend acts as a mid-year bonus where the company looks at its profit of the first six months and if the company is doing well then it decides to share its success with its shareholders in the mid-year. The decision to release interim dividend is made by the board of directors based on profits that are not yet fully audited, they are confident about the company’s performance.  

    2. Final Dividend

    Shareholders get dividend payments at the end of the year, companies release the dividend payment after the full performance is calculated and all the accounts are officially audited. The final dividend payments shall be approved by all the shareholders in the Annual General Meeting (AGM) as well as the board of directors recommending this as it is based on the yearly profits, the final dividend is usually greater and also a sign of companies good health.

    3. Cash Dividend

    This is one of the popular types of dividend, in which the company directly deposits money to the bank account linked to your demat account. If a company declares a cash dividend of Rs.10 per share and you own 100 shares of that company then you will automatically receive Rs.1,000 in your bank account. 

    4. Stock Dividend

    This is a type of dividend where the company wants to reward its shareholders but wants to hold cash for personal use, in this case the companies issue stock dividends to their shareholders, also known as bonus issue. The shareholders get additional shares to their demat account, for instance a 5% stock dividend means you get 5 extra shares for every 100 you own.

    Although traders should know that the stock dividend doesn’t instantly increase your investment value. When the total shares increase, the price of each share falls to balance it out making your holdings remain roughly the same right after the bonus issue.  

    5. Special Dividend

    This is just a one-time payment that the shareholders get after an unexpected profitable year of the company. These are much larger than the regular dividends as compared to interim, final or cash dividends. In 2025 Indian companies like Akzo Nobel India announced a special dividend of Rs.156, though special dividends are not repeated annually. 

    6. Property Dividend

    This is a very unique and very uncommon type of dividends but still they exist. In this the company instead of paying dividends in cash or stocks pays with its assets or products. It is generally used when a company is low on cash but has other assets to distribute, though it is extremely rare but investors like you should know what all possibilities are there.

    Read Also: What Is Dividend Yield? Definition, Formula, and Investment Insights

    Factors Behind a Dividend Decision

    • Booked Profit: A company can only share the rewards if it has generated enough profits in that year, as more profit earned means more capacity for dividends. 
    • Growth Requirements: If a company has future growth plans of increasing its capacity, infrastructure or manufacturing capacity then it keeps its profits for reinvestment in the business.
    • Cash In Hand: Profits as portrayed on paper are not the same as cash in the bank, a company requires enough liquid cash to pay all its shareholders.
    • Competitors Analysis: Companies often compare the competitors of the same industry and how they act. If everyone else is paying a dividend, they might feel the pressure and might do the same to keep investors happy.
    • Legality: Sometimes laws or loan agreements can restrict companies in distributing their profits as dividend to the shareholders. 

    How does Dividend Payment works 

    Dividend payments follow a clear timeline and shareholders do not get the dividends instantly. There are mainly four key dates that you should know about.

    • Declaration Date: On this date the company officially announces that it will be paying a dividend to its shareholders. The amount, record date and the payment date is also mentioned during this day. 
    • Ex-Dividend Date: To receive the dividend reward shareholders who own the stock before this date will only be eligible for dividend payments also known as the cut off day. If anyone buys it on or after the ex-date the seller will be eligible for the dividend payments. 
    • Record Date: On this day, the company finalizes its list of shareholders who will receive the dividend. If you bought the shares before the ex-date, your name will be on this list. 
    • Payment Date: This is the day when the dividends are actually paid to the shareholders. The money is automatically credited to your bank account usually within 30 to 45 days of time, after the record date. 

    Read Also: Top 10 Highest Dividend Paying Penny Stocks in India

    Conclusion

    Gaining knowledge about dividends is an essential part of your investment and financial journey. They are a reward that their shareholders get for their loyalty and confidence in the company. Whether it’s cash directly to account, additional shares in your account, or a surprise bonus, each dividend tells a story about a company’s financial health and its plans for the future.

    While dividends give great benefit to investors, you should always know the limitations as well, making you a step closer to being a pro at investing so always keep learning, stay curious, and invest wisely.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. How can I check if I am eligible for a dividend or not?

      Here the investors shall own the company’s shares before the ex-dividend date, to be on a safer side they should buy it at least one business day before the ex-date to ensure getting them in your demat account timely. 

    2. When and how will the dividend money reach my bank account in India?

      Commonly the dividends are released on the payment date and are directly credited to your bank account that is linked with your Demat account. 

    3. Are dividends from Indian companies taxable?

      Yes, from April 1, 2020, dividend income is added to your total income and taxed according to your income tax slab. 

    4. What is “dividend yield”?

      Dividend yield shows you how much a company pays in dividends each year relative to its stock price, the formula is: Annual Dividend payment / Current Share Price x 100.

    5. Are companies required to pay dividends?

      It is not a type of guarantee that every shareholder will be getting dividends; rather , a company’s board of directors decides whether to pay a dividend based on its profits and financial needs. It is the will of the company to increase, decrease, or stop paying dividends at any time.

  • What Are Undervalued Stocks?

    What Are Undervalued Stocks?

    During the festive season you spot your favourite brand’s shirt on sale, the one that was available for Rs.3500 is now available for Rs.2000 in sale. A normal human tendency would be to grab this extraordinary deal because you are getting the same shirt, same quality just the price is temporarily low due to the festive sale. 

    The stock market also has such deals, where some stocks of great companies are sold for a lesser value as compared to their actual worth. These types of stocks are known as undervalued stocks. 

    The art of finding these undervalued or bargained stocks is called value investing.This strategy of buying undervalued stocks is not a getting quickly rich scheme, rather it is a patient way and a smart strategy for long-term investing tips.

    If you are a beginner in the stock market you should  learn how to identify undervalued stocks, especially those with a low P/E ratio, which can make a huge difference. Let’s look at it in this informative blog.

    What Are Undervalued Stocks?

    In the stock market the price of stock is different from the value of the stock. Price is what you pay for a share in the stock market, which changes every second and value is the company’s real worth based on factors like financial health, profits and future potential. 

    An undervalued stock is simply a stock whose market price is way below its true value. A value investor searches these stocks, buys them, and waits for the market to rise back, due to this rise the price goes up and the investors earns the profits. 

    A low stock price is not considered as a good deal always, as a Rs.10 stock might seem cheap at the moment, but a falling stock is not the bargain; it’s just a bad investment. It is also known as value trap, these cheap looking prices are just traps because the company might have serious fundamental issues in its functioning.  

    FeaturesUndervalued StocksValue Trap
    The CompanyA strong, profitable business with a bright future.A weak business that’s losing money or is in a dying industry.
    Reason for Low PriceA temporary setback, market panic over some news, or the whole industry is just suffering.Deep-rooted problems like too much debt, bad management, or unwanted product range .
    Future OutlookLikely to bounce back and grow.Likely to get worse. The stock is cheap for a reason.
    Investor’s GoalBuy a great company at a discount.Avoid a failing company, no matter how low the price is.

    Read Also: 10 Most Undervalued Stocks in India

    How to Find Undervalued Stocks

    To look for an undervalued stock the investors need to first do the fundamental analysis of the company as well as the stock. Fundamental analysis consists of analysing the company’s financial health to check the stocks true worth. One can use websites like moneycontrol and screener.in to access the data and then make rational decisions. You should consider the following to judge the company’s financial health: 

    1. Price to Earnings (P/E) Ratio

    This is the most popular tool for a reason.

    • The P/E ratio tells you how much you’re paying for every Rs.1 of profit the company makes. A low P/E can be a sign of a bargain.
    • The formula of P/E Ratio is to divide the current market price of the stock divided by the EPS (Earnings Per Share). For example if the stock price is Rs.500 and its Earnings per share (EPS) is Rs.50, then the P/E ratio will be 10 (500/50). 
    • Note investors shall always compare the other companies in the same industry as well because a P/E ratio of 15 might be high for a steel company but it might be very low for a tech company. 

    2. Price to Book (P/B) Ratio

    This is another way to analyse the opted share. 

    • The P/B ratio compares the stock price to the company’s “book value.” Consider the book value as the company’s net worth on paper meaning the worth of the company after selling everything and paying all its debts.
    • To calculate the P/B ratio investors need to divide a company’s market capitalization by its book value of equity as per the latest reporting period.   
    • A P/B ratio below 1 is considered very good for investors as it means you are buying the company share for less than what its assets are worth. 

    3. Net Cash Flow

    • Cash flow generally means the amount of cash that is coming in the company after all the expenditures are done. A company may report highly profitable but it still might be running out on real cash.  
    • Investors shall look for companies which have more cash coming consistently rather than cash going out of the company, as this shows that the company is having a healthy business that can easily pay its bills, invest in their future growth and also reward its shareholders. 

    Read Also: How to find and identify undervalued stocks

    Who Should Invest in Undervalued Stocks?

    • Investing in Undervalued stock is a long term game, here investors who are patient for the results shall generally invest in such stocks. If you are looking for quick profits you should avoid this. 
    • Value investors bid for something that is being sold by everyone in the market, so investors who are calm and confident about the stock shall go for it. 
    • Investors that have basic knowledge about how the businesses work, their financial health and future growth possibilities of companies shall opt for undervalued stocks.

    Advantages of Undervalued Stocks

    • High Return Potential: The investors goal is to buy it low and sell it high, by investing at a discounted price they set themselves for bigger profits when the stock price eventually rises to its true value.
    • Less Stress: Undervalued stocks are generally unpopular and they do not generally fall during the market crash, making your investment less susceptible to the market fluctuations. so they often don’t fall as hard during a market crash.
    • Wait & Get Paid: Many undervalued companies have stable businesses that even pay dividends to its investors, which means you can also earn a stable income while you wait for the stock price to go up. 

    Disadvantages of Undervalued Stocks

    • Value Traps: This is the biggest risk attached to the undervalued stocks, as investors may think they have found out the best stock  but this bargain can be of a failing company giving you an overall loss. 
    • Long Wait: The waiting time of the stock revival can be anything from 1 week to 1 year due to which the returns are not certain as per your expectations. 
    • Stagnant Investment: Investors can miss out on some fast growing stocks due to value invested in some stocks that might give returns in the future, making your investment stagnant. 

    Read Also: 10 Best Copper Stocks in India

    Conclusion 

    Value investing is a smart, proven way to build wealth over time but it is not just about the timing of the market or entering the market trending shares. It is about having knowledge, looking at the company’s fundamentals and understanding the changing market along with all this, investors need to have patience and discipline as using all these strategies the end result can be highly rewarding.  

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. Where shall investors search for P/E and P/B ratios? 

      Investors shall look for financial websites like Moneycontrol, Screener.in, and Tickertape, as well as on the NSE and BSE websites.

    2. Can value investing be good for a beginner? 

      Yes, but they need to buy good companies at a fair price. However, they should know such investments require patience, as they are for investors who have long term goals and are not not looking for quick money. 

    3. What can be considered as a “good” P/E ratio for an Indian stock? 

      A “good” P/E is always relative; investors need to compare it to other companies in the same industry and to the company’s own past P/E ratios.

    4. Can I lose my investment in undervalued stocks? 

      The biggest risk is buying a “value trap”, a stock that looks cheap but keeps falling because the business is not stable, one should always do a solid research. 

    5. How different are they from day trading? 

      Value investing is about owning shares for years of time and day trading is about buying & selling of shares with a day making them poles apart from each other.

  • Sanchar Saathi App: Features, Registration & Mobile Security Guide

    Sanchar Saathi App: Features, Registration & Mobile Security Guide

    Today, mobile phones have become the most reliable tool for our daily tasks, but with it, challenges like phone theft, fake SIM cards and increasing fraud calls have also increased rapidly. To handle these problems in a systematic manner, the Department of Telecommunications developed the Sanchar Saathi platform, which many people also know as sanchar sarthi. This saathi app launched by DoT provides important tools related to mobile security at one place. In this blog, we will understand in detail what Sanchar Saathi is, how it works, how to register for the sanchar saathi app, and why it is useful for mobile users.

    What Is Sanchar Saathi?

    Sanchar Saathi is a citizen-centric digital security platform developed by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), Government of India, to provide security-oriented services to mobile users. Available as both a mobile app and a web portal, Sanchar Saathi aims to protect users from mobile phone and SIM-related fraud, theft, and fake connections.Sanchar Saathi was launched on January 17, 2025, to allow users to check their phone’s IMEI, block lost/stolen devices, check the number of mobile connections in their name, and report suspicious calls/SMS.

    The platform is particularly known for features directly related to mobile security, such as:

    • IMEI verification and blocking: Instantly block any stolen or lost phone and prevent it from being used on the network.
    • SIM connection information: View all mobile numbers issued in your name and report any unauthorized numbers.
    • Possible fraud reporting (Chakshu): Report suspicious calls, SMS, or WhatsApp messages directly from the platform.

    Using Sanchar Saathi is completely voluntary. The government recently clarified that the app is not mandatory and users can choose to download or remove it at will, respecting user privacy and control.

    Why Sanchar Saathi Was Launched ? 

    Mobile-related crimes have steadily increased in India over the past few years. Sometimes a phone is stolen in a crowd, or sometimes multiple SIM cards are found issued in someone’s name without their knowledge. In response to these growing concerns, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) launched the Sanchar Saathi platform. Its purpose is to provide people with a tool to manage their own mobile security without any technical hassles.

    1. Increasing Cases of Mobile Theft : After a phone is stolen, there is a risk of data misuse, misuse of banking apps, and leakage of personal information. Through Sanchar Saathi, users can instantly block their device’s IMEI, making the phone inoperable on any mobile network.
    2. Preventing the Use of Fake SIM Cards : New SIM cards are often issued in a user’s name by misusing their identity. This has become a common method of identity theft. The platform allows users to see how many numbers are active in their name and if they find any unknown numbers, they can report them.
    3. Increase in Fraud Calls and SMS : Fraud calls and SMSes posing as bank, KYC, electricity bills, or parcel delivery issues target people daily. Sanchar Saathi’s “Chakshu” feature directly relays these suspicious calls and messages to the relevant department, facilitating further investigation and action.
    4. Empowering Users to Self-Reliant in Digital Security : The primary objective is to enable everyone to self-monitor their mobile and identity-related risks. The platform is designed with simple language, simple steps, and a user-friendly approach, allowing anyone to use it without technical knowledge.

    Key Features of Sanchar Saathi

    1. CEIR : The most important part of Sanchar Saathi is CEIR (Central Equipment Identity Register). It allows users to instantly block the IMEI number of their lost or stolen phone. Once blocked, the phone cannot be activated on any mobile network, preventing misuse of the device and data
    2. .IMEI Check : The app features IMEI verification, allowing you to determine whether your mobile phone is genuine or has been altered. This feature is especially useful for second-hand phone buyers, as it ensures that the phone is not stolen and its IMEI matches the government database.
    3. Know Your Mobile Connections : This feature allows users to view the number of SIM cards issued in their name on a single screen. If an unknown number is entered, a report or disconnection request can be submitted from there.
    4. Chakshu : Chakshu is a reporting tool where users can enter information about any suspicious call, SMS, or WhatsApp message. These reports are routed to the DoT team, helping to detect fraud patterns and take timely action.
    5. Trusted Contacts and Verified Helpline Directory : The app has a small but useful section that provides authorized helpline numbers for banks, financial institutions, and other essential services. This allows users to quickly compare a suspicious call with the actual number and avoid fraud.

    How the Sanchar Saathi App Works ? 

    How to Download and Access

    • Download the app by searching for “Sanchar Saathi” on Google Play or the Apple App Store.
    • Open the app and enter your mobile number to verify it with an OTP. For some features, you may need to complete registration by sending a one-time SMS (e.g., 14522) to the portal. This is a one-time mandatory step.

    Registration on the Sanchar Saathi Portal/App

    • Portal/App Register / Login Enter mobile number and verify the OTP.
    • Options for linking KYC (Aadhaar/PAN, etc.) will appear. Once linked, you will be able to use the “Numbers in your name” feature.

    Blocking a lost/stolen phone through CEIR (Fast-Step)

    • Select “Block lost/stolen mobile” in the app/portal.
    • Enter your phone’s *IMEI (found by dialing #06#) and the associated mobile number.
    • Upon submitting the request, you will receive a Request ID. Keep it safe; You’ll be able to track the status using this ID (sent from CEIR to blocked operators).

    IMEI Verification

    • Go to the App/CEIR IMEI verification page.
    • Enter your 15-digit IMEI (or send KYM <IMEI> to 14422 via SMS) and verify with an OTP. The result will indicate whether the IMEI is clear or blacklisted.

    Know Your Mobile Connections

    • Login to the Know mobile connections in your name section.
    • Look at the list; if a number appears unfamiliar, select “This is not my number / Not required” and report it. The portal will send it to the operator for action.

    Fraud Report and Status Tracking

    • Fill out the Report Chakshu/Complaint form (add details of the suspicious call/SMS, along with a screenshot or copy of the message).
    • Upon filing, you will receive a Complaint/Request ID. You can use this to check the status further.

    Privacy & Security Considerations

    1. Data Use and Control : Sanchar Saathi only processes information that users enter for a service such as mobile number, IMEI, or basic complaint information. The data goes directly to the Department of Telecommunications (DoT)’s secure servers and is not shared with any external entity.
    2. Permissions Requested by the App : The app’s requirements are limited, so it only obtains basic permissions such as OTP verification and internet access. It does not ask for unnecessary permissions, such as camera, microphone, or location, thus maintaining user control.
    3. Server-Side Security and Reliability : The platform runs on the CEIR and DoT government networks, where IMEI and complaint data are stored encrypted. Being a government system, its security framework is considered stronger than that of regular apps.
    4. Clarity in Installation Policy : In early 2025, there was talk that the app would be pre-installed on new mobile phones, but the ministry later clarified that this was completely optional. The user can download it or can use the services from the portal even without the app.

    Conclusion

    Sanchar Saathi provides a single view of mobile identity, SIM connection, and device information. This makes phone-related processes much clearer and more organized than before. The platform’s purpose is to provide basic mobile usage information without complication.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. What is Sanchar Saathi?

      Sanchar Saathi is a platform that provides basic mobile and SIM-related services in one place.

    2. How can I block my lost phone on Sanchar Saathi?

      The phone can be instantly blocked from the network on Sanchar Saathi by entering the IMEI.

    3. How do I check SIM cards issued on my ID in Sanchar Saathi?

      “Know Your Mobile Connections” shows all the active numbers in your name.

    4. Is the Sanchar Saathi app compulsory?

      No, Sanchar Saathi is completely optional.

    5. Can I report scams through Sanchar Saathi?

      Yes, suspicious calls or messages can be reported in the Check section.

  • Ashish Kacholia Portfolio 2025: Top Stocks & Strategy

    Ashish Kacholia Portfolio 2025: Top Stocks & Strategy

    The Indian stock market is a pool of stocks but there are some investors that are famous for finding hidden gems of the stock market. These hidden gems are small companies that are generally ignored by most but they become big and successful.

    Ashish Kacholia is the most famous person that is one of the best gem hunters in India. A well known investor who is often called the “Big Whale” of the Indian stock market. 

    This nickname suggests to us that he finds these small unknown companies and invests in them making everyone notice this in the financial market. Ashish is known for finding these multibagger stocks which grow 10, 50, or even 100 times of their original price.  

    Ashish Kacholia is a person in his 50’s who has more than a decade of experience and started his career in the 1990s. He is also the co-founder of the company called “Hungama Digital” alongwith Rakesh Jhunjhunwala. In 2003, he started his own firm, Lucky Securities, and began building the famous Ashish Kacholia portfolio.   

    Today, the net worth of this person is estimated to be in thousands of crores. The portfolio and the list of companies are something that are the most watched list in the Indian financial market. 

    An Overview of Ashish Kacholia’s Portfolio (2025)

    • Total Portfolio Value: Ashish Kacholia Portfolio is valued for over Rs.2,775 crores.   
    • Number of Stocks: Ashish Kacholia has a diversified portfolio that consists of a total of 48 different stocks.   
    • Sector-wise Distribution: The investment has been done in different types of businesses such as manufacturing, speciality chemicals, pharma and healthcare, consumer goods and infrastructure.   
    • Compared with the previous Year: The year of change “2025”, we have seen that there is an active buying of different types of new stocks and also some previous ones have been sold. There is growth in the overall portfolio and a rise of 12% was witnessed in the June 2025 quarter alone.   

    Major Holdings in Ashish Kacholia’s Portfolio (2025)

    The top 5 holdings as per August 2025 are in:   

    1. Shaily Engineering Plastics
    2. Beta Drugs
    3. Safari Industries (India)
    4. Acutaas Chemicals
    5. Balu Forge Industries

    We have multiple lessons to learn in this, talking about Acutaas Chemicals. In August most of the money was invested in this company but by the end of September the entire share stake was sold. Showing us how quickly changes are made in his portfolio.   

    Read Also: Ashish Kacholia Penny Stock List

    New Additions to the Portfolio in 2025

    There were some new stocks that were added to the portfolio in the year 2025. Some new companies were even added to the portfolio between the July to September quarter.  

    • V-Marc India (A wire and cables company)    
    • Jain Resource Recycling (A metal recycling business)    
    • Vikran Engineering    
    • Shree Refrigerations    

    Also more shares were bought of the existing companies in the portfolio and the biggest move was done by increasing the stake in Man Industries.  

    A Note on His Strategy: Pre-IPO

    There is an interesting fact that we need to know that the stocks are not bought from the market like we do.

    The investments done in the new companies like Vikran Engineering and Shree Refrigerations are done even before the IPO were launched. This shows that the skills were used to get these companies at the starting stage even before it was available for the general public.  

    Stocks Reduced or Exited in 2025

    In terms of adding new stocks to your portfolio, the existing ones need to be reduced or sold out and Mr.Kacholia is very disciplined about this. 

    Stocks that were completely Sold

    The biggest news was the share of Acutaas Chemicals were among the top-5 holdings with approx Rs.125 Cr. but by the end of September the entire stake in this company was sold out. 

    Also the stakes in multiple companies were either fully sold or the holding fell below 1%, these companies are:

    • Awfis Space Solutions    
    • NIIT Learning    
    • Universal Autofoundry    
    • His personal stake in Jyoti Structures    

    Trimmed Stocks in 2025

    “Trimming” here is referred to as reducing the quantity of shares that were there in the existing portfolio and these companies are:

    • Xpro India    
    • Brand Concepts    
    • Dhabriya Polywood    
    • Fineotex Chemical    

    Read Also: 10 Top Investors In India And Their Portfolios

    The Investment Strategy of Ashish Kacholia

    How are stocks picked or what exactly is the method to select these stocks? He follows a very simple and smart strategy. 

    The main rules followed by Ashish Kacholia are:

    • Small Gems of Market: Small and mid cap companies are focused as he believes that these small and often ignored companies have the highest potential to grow and become the next big thing in the market.   
    • Disciplined Management: Investment made for this portfolio is not only done on the basis of the company but also the companies management and leaders are considered. The approach is to look for the management that is honest, smart, and hard working.  
    • Thorough Research: Tips and tricks that are shown in the market are not considered, rather the company’s finances like Return to Equity (ROE) and things like Free Cash FLow (FCF) are followed.   
    • Patience is the Key: Investments are done for the long term as it gives stocks time to grow and make good movements. Investments made are forgotten if there is a change in the company’s performance or the leadership instant reactions are made to manage the portfolio and focus upon its growth.   
    • Diversification: There are about 48 stocks that are in his portfolio showing us that the risk is spread and all the money is not pooled into 2-3 specific stocks. Here if one or two companies are performing badly then the whole portfolio is not hampered instantly.   

    Performance Analysis

    Here the main strategy revolves around finding the few market winners of the market and these big wins are so large that the investor gets more than the incurred loss. 

    Companies like Man Industries are examples of some big winners of the market as this stock has given almost 400% returns in the last five years. Also the belief in this company is so much that some more shares were bought in 2025 as well.   

    But we have also seen that companies like Zaggle Prepaid Ocean Services have shown a negative trend and the stock has fallen up to 32% in 2025 and has also tumbled 19% in 2 days after the quarterly result. This tells us that not every stock performs well.   

    In 2025 Xpro India and Brand Concepts have shown the worst performance with 29% fall in Xpro and 28% in Brand Concepts and to actively manage these falling stocks he started to cut down his stakes in the portfolio, showing us how actively risk was managed.  

    Read Also: Raj Kumar Lohia Portfolio in 2025 – Holdings List, Changes and Strategy

    Key Takeaways for Retail Investors

    Learnings from Ashish Kacholia’s Philosophy

    1. Think like an owner: Don’t just add stocks looking at the stock ticker, one should be aware if it is a good business or not and if the leaders are honest and making moves smartly or not.   
    2. Patient Performance: Companies perform well and give returns in a period of time and not in just a few days, so patience plays a key role in building the desired wealth.  
    3. Homework: This should be the real focus as real success is made from through in depth research of the companies and its performance.   

    Risks of Following Celebrity Portfolios

    One shall be very careful if you want to follow a celebrity portfolio as it can turn out to be extremely risky.    

    • The data that we see in the month of September 2025 is released in October or November and following these outdated numbers and moves can be unreliable as there has already been a delay of 1-2 months and in the financial market even one news can hamper the entire market within hours.    
    • Looking at the Acutass Chemicals example the stocks were bought in August 2025 and a good investment was made but as the September month ended everything was sold out. Here if you would have followed the portfolio and have invested in September end then you could have incurred losses.  
    • Thousands of crores are invested by this investor, a full time research team is available for analysis and there is a different financial goal. Also he can get into pre-IPO where the general public like you cannot enter. So one should not copy the investments blindly rather homework shall be done with in-depth research.  

    Read Also: Vijay Kedia Portfolio: Stock Holdings and Strategy

    Conclusion

    Learning about Ashish Kacholia’s portfolio and studying it can help us out with great lessons as here we get to see a smart investor who finds new companies, bets on big themes like Make in India and even gets hold of shares even before the IPO is launched.

    We also get to see how a disciplined stock manager works and knows where to take the profits form, cut down stocks that are not performing well and even stick to the core strategy. 

    For young investors this portfolio gives you the glimpse of through research, patience, and smart thinking for your financial investments.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. What is the net worth of Ashish Kacholia’s in 2025? 

      As per September 2025 the new worth is estimated to be approximately Rs.2,775 Cr.   

    2. New companies that were invested in 2025? 

      Several new investments were made in companies like V-Marc India, Jain Resource Recycling, Vikran Engineering, and Shree Refrigerations. Also investments have been made in these companies even before the IPO.   

    3. What is Ashish Kacholia’s investment strategy? 

      The strategy is to look for Multibagger stock and the real focus is on small and mid cap companies due to their high potential growth.   

    4. What are the top holdings in the Ashish Kacholia portfolio? 

      The biggest holding of Ashish Kacholia’s portfolio is in Shaily Engineering Plastics, Beta Drugs and Safari Industries. 

    5. Can the investments be copied similarly to Ashish Kacholia’s Portfolio? 

      It is very risky to copy his portfolio as the data is outdated and mostly 1-2 months old, investors can learn rather than copy the portfolio investments. 

  • What is Short-Term Trading Vs Long-Term Trading Strategies?

    What is Short-Term Trading Vs Long-Term Trading Strategies?

    Whenever you decide to invest in the stock market, the first thing that comes to your mind is whether to invest for the short term or for the long term. Both of them require different strategies and mindsets.

    In today’s blog post, we will give you an overview of short-term and long-term trading, along with the different strategies used in it.

    Meaning of Short-Term Trading

    Buying and selling various kinds of financial instruments, including stocks, commodities, currencies, etc., within a short time—generally between a few minutes to a few days—is known as short-term trading. Making quick profit from quick fluctuations in prices is the primary objective of short-term trading. The short-term trades primarily depend on technical analysis.

    Types of Short-Term Trading

    There are generally four types of short-term trading as follows:

    1. Intraday Trade: It is the most common form of trading, where the trader squares off their position before the market closes. This was done to avoid the risk of a change in the price of securities overnight.
    2. Scalping: This is the fastest trading style among all short-term trading styles. In this, the trader executes numerous trades during a particular trading session and tries to earn profit from the smallest price change.
    3. Swing Trade: In this short-term trade, the trader holds their position for a few days, with the objective of earning a profit from the short-term price movement that occurs over time.
    4. Momentum Trading: In momentum trading, one enters into a trade with the belief that the price movement (upside or downside) will continue over a period of time. The trader enters into a momentum trade for higher profit than intraday and scalping traders. 
    5. News-Based Trading: As the name suggests, the trader tries to capitalize on the opportunity that arises due to a particular news in a stock. It generally holds its position until the impact of news on the stock price ends.

    The most popular short-term trading strategies are as follows:

    1. Support and Resistance: It is the most common trading method used by a trader, as they try to identify the recent support and resistance levels in a stock. They generally buy at the support level and sell the stock at the resistance level.
    2. Moving Average Cross Over: In this, the traders execute trades based on the crossover of the moving averages. There are two moving averages, short-term and long-term. A combination of both moving averages indicates a buy and sell signal for a trader.
    3. Bollinger Band: The Bollinger Band indicates the overbought and oversold conditions in a stock. It helps a trader in identifying the selling point when the stock is in an overbought zone, and vice versa.
    4. Relative Strength Index: RSI is a momentum oscillator indicating the speed and change of price movement on a scale of 0-100. Generally, it is considered that 30 indicates an oversold zone, whereas 70 indicates an overbought zone. Traders execute their trades based on these parameters. 

    Read Also: Different Types of Trading in the Stock Market

    Meaning of Long-Term Trading

    Long-term trading is an investment strategy in which an investor or trader buys securities such as stocks, commodities, currencies, etc., for a period of more than one year. The primary objective of long-term investing is to create wealth, capital appreciation and regular income. The long-term trading depends on fundamental analysis.

    Types of Long-Term Trading

    The major types of long-term trading are as follows:

    1. Growth Investing: Under the growth type of long-term investing, the investor looks for stocks with high growth potential in the long run. These companies reinvest the profit earned by them in the business in order to expand further.
    2. Value Investing: It is a type of trading strategy in which one looks for stocks which are trading at less than their intrinsic value. It requires a deep fundamental analysis, including P/E, P/B, etc.
    3. Buy and Hold: In this type of strategy, the investor purchases the stock for the long term with an objective to create long-term wealth using the benefit of compounding.
    4. Dividend Investing: When an investor invests in a dividend-yielding company for a longer period of time to get the regular income in the form of dividends, this is known as dividend investing.
    5. Index Investing: Investing in index or passive funds in order to diversify their portfolio without worrying about stock picking is known as index investing. This type of investing is suitable for conservative investors.

    The popular long-term trading indicators are as follows:

    1. EPS: Earnings per share is a key indicator used by the long-term investor, which indicates how much profit a company makes for each outstanding share. The higher the EPS the higher the profitability of the company.
    2. P/E Ratio: Price to Earnings Ratio of a company indicates the valuation of the stock price; it suggests whether it is fairly valued or not. An investor generally picks the stock based on valuation.
    3. ROE: Return on Equity indicates the company’s efficiency in generating profit using its equity. High ROE indicates the company’s efficient management. Investors look for companies with higher ROE.
    4. FCF: Free Cash Flow indicates what is left with the company after paying for its capital expenditure. Positive FCF indicates the company’s efficiency in generating profit.

    Read Also: Difference Between Trading and Investing

    Difference Between Short-Term Trading and Long-Term Trading

    The key difference between short-term trading and long-term trading is as follows:

    ParticularShort-Term TradingLong-Term Trading
    ObjectiveThe primary objective of short-term trading is to earn a quick profit.Long-term trading helps an investor create wealth in the long run.
    RiskShort-term trading involves higher risk.As the investment duration is long, it carries lower risk.
    MonitoringActive monitoring is required in short-term trading.As compared to short-term trading, long-term trading requires less monitoring.
    TaxationEquity investments, if sold before one year, are taxed at a rate of 20%.In long-term trading, if the investments are sold after a period of one year, the gains are taxed at a rate of 12.5% over and above 125000.
    ResearchIt depends on the technical analysis.Long-term trading depends on fundamental analysis.

    Conclusion

    On a concluding note, short-term and long-term trading have their own pros and cons. Choosing among them depends on the investment objective and risk profile of the investor. Traders generally give importance to technical analysis and believe in short-term profit. On the other hand, a long-term investor gives importance to the benefit of compounding and creates wealth in the long run. However, both of them carry different risks and require patience and discipline. Therefore, it is advisable to consult your investment advisor before investing in the stock market.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. What is short-term trading?

      Short-term trading means buying and selling different securities within a short period, which typically ranges from a few minutes to a few weeks.

    2. Which carries more risk, short-term or long-term trading?

      Short-term trading generally carries high risk, as short-term markets are highly volatile, but in the long run, volatility can be reduced.

    3. Which strategy gives a high return?

      A long-term trading strategy gives a steady but high return over time. However, short-term trading can give a quick return along with quick losses. 

    4. Is there any tax difference between short-term and long-term trading?

      Yes, both long-term and short-term gains are taxed separately. Short-term equity gains are taxed at a rate of 20%, whereas long-term gains are taxed at a rate of 12.5% over and above 125000 INR of gains.

    5. Which trading strategy is suitable for a beginner?

      For a beginner, long-term trading is suitable as it is less volatile and more profitable. However, it totally depends on the investor’s risk profile.

  • Best Hydropower Stocks in India 2025

    Best Hydropower Stocks in India 2025

    Hydropower stocks in India are once again in the news as the country’s need for clean energy grows rapidly. The government is also pursuing large-scale pumped-storage hydro projects over 6 GW of capacity will be commissioned in the country by 2025, and many new units are under construction. This has made the sector more attractive than ever for investors. In this blog, we’ll explain in simple terms the best hydropower stocks in India, a useful hydropower share list, and the top 10 hydroelectric power plants, so you can better understand the sector and make informed investment decisions.

    What Are Hydropower Stocks?

    Hydropower stocks are shares of companies that generate electricity from water. These companies generate electricity using large dams, river flows, or pumped-storage units that store water upstream. They then sell this electricity to various states and DISCOMs. In simple terms, the shares of companies whose business relies on hydroelectric power are called hydropower stocks.

    Best Hydro power stocks in india

    S.NOCompanyCurrent Market Price (INR)Market Capitalisation (in INR crore)52-Week High52-Week Low
    1Larsen & Toubro Ltd4,0965,76,1684,1402,965
    2NTPC Ltd3263,16,450375293
    3Adani Green Energy Ltd1,0391,71,3721,448758
    4Tata Power Company Ltd3821,22,094448326
    5JSW Energy Ltd48083,814701419
    6NHPC Ltd77.878,18192.371.0
    7SJVN Ltd78.530,83312478.0
    8CESC Ltd16622,031204119
    9Reliance Power Ltd37.415,48076.531.3
    10Jaiprakash Power Ventures Ltd19.913,63827.712.4
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    A brief overview of the hydro power Stocks in India is given below:

    1. Larsen & Toubro Ltd (L&T)

    Larsen & Toubro, or L&T, is a company known for building almost every major project in India. Founded in 1938, it has maintained a strong presence in engineering and construction since its inception. Whether it’s dams, bridges, metro projects, or power plants, L&T is involved in almost every type of heavy engineering project. The company also has a significant presence in the hydro sector. L&T constructs large hydro dams, tunneling, powerhouses, and water-related infrastructure. Its greatest strength is that it can complete projects even when the work is difficult, the terrain is difficult, or the design is complex. Therefore, it is considered one of India’s most trusted engineering companies.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    11.65%98.26%264.67%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    2. NTPC Ltd

    NTPC is one of those Indian companies whose name is almost inextricably linked with the power sector. It was established in 1975 with the aim of providing uninterrupted power supply to people and industries across the country. NTPC began with thermal power, but gradually expanded into various sources such as gas, solar, wind, and hydro. NTPC’s role in hydropower is now expanding. The company is working on several new hydro projects, especially in hilly areas. NTPC is known for its ability to handle large projects, its technical expertise, and its generally stable operation. This makes it one of India’s most reliable power companies.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -9.82%91.61%244.77%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    3. Adani Green Energy Ltd

    Adani Green Energy is one of India’s fastest-growing renewable energy companies. Initially focused on solar and wind power, the company has also expanded into larger projects such as hydro and pumped-storage projects in recent years. Adani Green’s strength lies in its large-scale ability to quickly set up projects and operate them for long periods of time. Its work in the renewable sector is evident: large solar parks, wind farms, and now new hydro-based projects. The company aims to play a key role in the country’s clean energy transition in the coming years.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -4.41%-47.79%-8.54%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    4. Tata Power Company Ltd

    Tata Power is one of India’s oldest and most trusted power companies. Established around 1910, it has been a major player in the country’s power generation, transmission, and distribution sector ever since. Tata Power’s unique strength is its presence in all forms of energy thermal, solar, wind, and hydro. The company has a long presence in hydropower, particularly in

    regions like Himachal Pradesh and Maharashtra. Tata Power is among those companies gradually shifting its portfolio toward green energy. Its focus is clearly producing sustainable, reliable, and clean power. This is why Tata Power is a name that automatically comes to mind when the power sector is mentioned.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -7.19%69.83%489.68%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    5. JSW Energy Ltd

    JSW Energy is the power sector arm of the JSW Group and is recognized as a trusted energy company in the country. The company began with thermal and power generation, but in recent years has focused significantly on renewable energy. Significantly, JSW Energy is rapidly expanding hydropower and pumped-storage projects, as these will play a significant role in balancing future power demand.The company is recognized for its quality management, rapid project execution, and clear strategy. JSW Energy is one of the few private companies strengthening its portfolio by balancing hydro, wind, and solar.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -26.87%55.40%683.04%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    6. NHPC Ltd

    NHPC is also known as the synonym for hydropower in India, as the company has been exclusively engaged in hydropower projects since its inception. It was established in 1975 to systematically develop large dams and hydroelectric projects in the country. NHPC’s strength lies in its extensive experience in handling mountainous terrain, difficult river basins, and large-scale dam projects, giving it a distinct identity in this sector.

    Today, NHPC is the country’s largest pure-play hydro company and is also working on several new projects. The company has a reputation as a stable, reliable, and technically strong organization with long-standing experience in the hydro sector.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -6.60%85.60%258.93%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    7. SJVN Ltd

    SJVN was established in 1988 when the Government of India and the Government of Himachal Pradesh jointly formed it. The initial objective was to develop large hydro projects in the hilly areas of Himachal. Gradually, the company’s work expanded, and today, SJVN handles projects not only in Himachal but also in Uttarakhand, Bihar, Gujarat, and countries like Nepal. SJVN has always been known for its hydro expertise especially in areas where the terrain is difficult and project construction is difficult. In recent years, the company has also expanded into solar and wind, but its roots remain firmly rooted in hydropower.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -30.61%100.28%223.97%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    8. CESC Ltd

    CESC is a very old company, established in 1899. This makes it one of the first companies to begin supplying electricity in India. Its primary focus has been Kolkata and its surrounding areas, where it not only generates electricity but also delivers it directly to consumers. CESC has always been known for its consistent and reliable power services. Initially, the company focused primarily on thermal power, but over time, it has also expanded its interest in renewable and small hydro projects. Today, it is seen as a stable, experienced, and reliable power company.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    -4.86%118.07%185.60%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    9. Reliance Power Ltd

    Reliance Power was founded in 1995. At that time, the company’s goal was to develop large power projects in various regions of India to meet the growing demand for electricity. The company has worked on thermal and gas projects as well as hydro projects, especially in areas with strong river flows and the potential for the construction of small and large hydro plants. Reliance Power’s unique strength lies in its experience in setting up projects even in difficult locations. Over time, the company has changed its strategy and now focuses more on projects that are considered sustainable and safe for years to come. It has gained recognition for its large-scale work and focus on long-term energy projects.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    8.07%123.27%1,105.81%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    10. Jaiprakash Power Ventures Ltd

    Jaiprakash Power Ventures was founded in 1994. This was a time when the need for large power projects in the country was rapidly increasing, and the company began working in that direction. JP Power has been particularly involved in both hydro and thermal projects, and its work is mostly visible in hilly states like Uttarakhand, Himachal, and Madhya Pradesh. The company’s reputation has been established by its work on many hydro projects that are difficult to build in hilly areas. Its ground-level understanding of river flows, local conditions, and hydro setups is why it is considered an experienced and ground-level company in the hydro sector.

    Know the Returns: 

    1Y Return (%)3Y Return (%)5Y Return (%)
    21.22%147.92%736.17%
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    Read Also: Investing in Water-Related Stocks in India

    Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

    The key performance metrics of hydro power Stocks in India are mentioned below:

    CompanyOperating Margin (%)Net Profit Margin (%)ROE (%)ROCE (%)Debt to Equity
    Larsen & Toubro Ltd10.336.9115.3914.891.33
    NTPC Ltd20.9611.5512.729.401.34
    Adani Green Energy Ltd67.6813.8813.478.027.29
    Tata Power Company Ltd17.296.0811.0710.181.62
    JSW Energy Ltd37.9716.687.135.701.81
    NHPC Ltd54.6832.847.576.210.99
    SJVN Ltd60.2026.445.784.451.90
    CESC Ltd10.938.3911.395.711.48
    Reliance Power Ltd24.6938.8718.045.910.93
    Jaiprakash Power Ventures Ltd29.8314.899.5910.050.44
    (Data as of 28 Nov 2025)

    How to Evaluate Hydropower Stocks

    1. Installed Hydro Capacity : The number of MW of hydropower a company has in operation and the number of new projects under construction reflects its true strength. Large and stable capacity means reliable production.
    2. PLF & Water Flow Stability : Hydro’s PLF is directly dependent on river flow. Plants with stable water sources generate good production year-round.
    3. Long-Term PPA & Tariff :  A 25-40-year PPA secures a company’s income. The more stable and long-term the tariff, the more reliable the earnings.
    4. Debt Levels & Funding Plan : Hydro projects are expensive, so debt is necessary. However, the company’s debt must be manageable and have a clear funding roadmap.
    5. Project Execution Record : Dam and hydro projects often face delays. A company with a track record of timely completion is considered less risky.
    6. Environmental & Approval Risk : Hydro projects often face environmental clearance, land, and local objections. Companies with clear approvals have lower risk.
    7. Revenue Mix Regulated vs. Merchant  : Most hydropower is sold at a regulated tariff. If the share of merchant sales is high, earnings can be volatile.
    8. Pumped-Storage Potential : The demand for PSPs is growing rapidly in India. Companies with good pumped-storage sites are considered to have stronger future growth.

    Read Also: Best Multibagger PSU Stocks in India

    Risks & Red Flags in Hydropower Investing

    1. Long Construction Timelines : Hydro projects take many years to complete. Delays increase costs and impact company earnings.
    2. High Debt Burden : Dams and hydro plants are highly costly, leading to high debt burdens for companies. If projects are not completed on time, this debt can severely impact a company’s balance sheet.
    3. Dependence on Monsoon & Water Flow : Hydro power runs entirely on water. A weak monsoon or a drop in river flow directly impacts power generation.
    4. Environmental & Clearance Issues : Many hydro projects are stalled due to environmental objections, local opposition, or court cases. This increases both project costs and timelines.
    5. Weak Discom Exposure : Discoms in many states do not make timely payments. If the company has PPAs with such states, cash flow may be delayed.

    Read Also: List Of Best PSU Stocks in India

    Conclusion

    Hydropower is a reliable and long-term component of India’s energy needs. Companies in this sector offer stable capacity, clean energy, and strong project experience, making them an interesting option for investors. If you understand this theme and focus on select companies where projects are completed on time and water availability is stable this sector can provide significant stability to your portfolio.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    1. What are hydropower stocks?

      Hydropower stocks are companies that operate water-based power projects, such as dams or run-of-river plants.

    2. Are hydropower stocks good for long-term investing?

      Yes, because their earnings are generally stable and the projects have a long lifespan.

    3. Which is the biggest hydropower company in India?

      NHPC is considered India’s largest hydropower company.

    4. What risks should investors consider in hydropower stocks?

      The biggest risks are dependence on monsoons, project delays, and challenges with environmental clearances.

    5. Do hydropower companies also work in renewable energy?

      Yes, many companies, such as SJVN, JSW Energy, and Tata Power, also work in solar and wind, along with hydro.

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