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Indian ADR Stocks: List of US-Listed Indian Companies & ADRs

The global financial market presents vast opportunities for domestic companies to reach international heights. Businesses scale across borders to get funding and attract global recognition. Investors looking beyond local boundaries often seek reliable instruments to diversify their portfolios and capture global economic growth.

One highly effective mechanism bridges this geographical gap and connects domestic businesses with foreign capital. The framework creates a seamless investment channel for global participants. It provides an accessible route to participate in the success stories of prominent multinational corporations.

What is an ADR?

An American Depositary Receipt is a negotiable financial certificate issued by a United States bank. This certificate represents a specific number of shares in a foreign company. The instrument trades on major American stock exchanges exactly like regular domestic shares.

It allows investors in the United States to purchase foreign equities without dealing with complex currency conversions. The managing bank buys the underlying foreign shares and holds them securely in a vault. Receipts are then issued against these stored shares for public trading.

Financial professionals frequently monitor these instruments to understand broader market sentiment. Analysts use an indian adr live tracking system to observe price movements during United States market hours. This data helps predict potential reactions in the domestic market on the following trading day. Accessing a verified adr list becomes the crucial first step for anyone studying global equity trends..

Full List of Indian ADR Stocks Listed in the US

Currently, several prominent companies from India actively trade on United States exchanges. The table below presents adr stock list and core details of these international listings.

Company	Ticker	Exchange	Listed Since	ADR Ratio	Sector
Infosys Ltd.	INFY	NYSE	1999	1 ADS = 1 Equity Share	IT Services
Wipro Ltd.	WIT	NYSE	2000	1 ADS = 1 Equity Share	IT Services
ICICI Bank Ltd.	IBN	NYSE	2000	1 ADS = 2 Equity Shares	Banking
HDFC Bank Ltd.	HDB	NYSE	2001	1 ADS = 3 Equity Shares	Banking
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories	RDY	NYSE	2001	1 ADS = 1 Equity Share	Pharmaceuticals
Yatra Online	YTRA	NASDAQ	2016	Ordinary Share	Online Travel

Note: The data provided in the table is sourced from live market updates.

1. Infosys Ltd. (INFY)

Infosys operates as a massive global leader in next generation digital services and consulting. The company is made history in 1999 as the first Indian business to list on the NASDAQ exchange. The firm eventually transferred its listing to the New York Stock Exchange to leverage broader market partnerships.

2. Wipro Ltd. (WIT)

Wipro represents another major pillar in the global information technology and consulting industry. The company officially listed its depositary receipts on the New York Stock Exchange in the year 2000. It offers extensive capabilities in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and cyber security services.

3. ICICI Bank Ltd. (IBN)

ICICI Bank are recognized as one of the largest and most influential private sector banks in India. The institution has provided a vast array of banking products and specialized financial services. It caters to both corporate clients and retail customers through robust digital channels and physical branches.

4. HDFC Bank Ltd. (HDB)

HDFC Bank maintains a dominant leadership position in the private banking and retail credit sectors. The financial institution is widely praised for its exceptional asset quality and extensive branch network. It listed its depositary receipts in 2001 to attract substantial capital from international institutional investors.

Global funds frequently choose this stock to participate in the expanding domestic credit market. The bank consistently demonstrates strong financial stability and impressive year over year growth metrics. The organization focuses deeply on expanding its reach into semi urban and rural domestic markets.

5. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (RDY)

A highly successful multinational pharmaceutical company is operated by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories’ Essential funding for ongoing research and development initiatives are provided by the international listing. A critical role in the global healthcare supply chain is played by the company. Crucial medicines is delivered to multiple nations by them.

6. Yatra Online (YTRA)

Yatra Online is an Indian online travel company offering services such as flight bookings, hotels, holiday packages, and other travel-related services. The company began trading on the NASDAQ under the ticker YTRA in 2016 and provides US-market investors with exposure to India’s growing online travel industry.

Which Indian ADRs Have Been Delisted?

Several prominent companies have successfully removed their depositary receipts from United States markets over the years:

Tata Motors: The major automobile manufacturer voluntarily delisted its receipts from the New York Stock Exchange. The leadership took this step to simplify financial reporting structures and reduce heavy administrative burdens.
Vedanta: This decision helped the company consolidate its complex corporate structure and streamline overall operations.
MTNL: Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited previously maintained an international listing but eventually delisted. This occurred due to consistently low trading volumes and rapidly shifting dynamics in the telecommunications market.
Sterlite Industries: This industrial company merged with other corporate entities over a period of time. The structural changes eventually led to the removal of its international depositary receipts from active foreign trading.

Can Indian Investors Buy ADR Stocks?

Here is how domestic investors typically access these overseas assets:

The Liberalised Remittance Scheme: The Reserve Bank of India permits domestic residents to send up to USD 250,000 abroad every financial year. These designated funds can be used legally to buy shares on foreign exchanges.
International Brokerage Accounts: Investors must open a specific trading account that grants direct access to United States markets. These specialized accounts handle the necessary currency conversion and execute the purchase of the foreign equities.
Asset Tracking: After a successful purchase, a person simply holds the indian adr securely in their digital portfolio. They can easily monitor the adr share price through their brokerage dashboard to track daily financial performance.
Fractional Investing Capabilities: Many advanced digital platforms allow the purchase of partial shares today. This feature ensures that investors do not need large sums of upfront capital to start building a global equity portfolio.

Conclusion

Investing in domestic companies through international exchanges offers a highly practical way to diversify financial portfolios. The prominent presence of major corporations on global platforms highlights the core strength and long term potential of these businesses. Modern financial technology and supportive regulatory frameworks have made accessing these global markets incredibly simple.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of an ADR?
It stand for American Depositary Receipt, a negotiable financial certificate issued by a american bank that represents shares in a foreign company.
What are the main benefits of these investments?
They provide an incredibly easy way to invest in global markets. Investors entirely avoid foreign currency conversions and complex cross border trading regulations.
How do investors use these instruments?
Individuals purchase them through standard international brokerage accounts. They trade exactly like regular domestic shares during standard market hours on major exchanges.
Do these specific investments pay regular dividends?
Yes, they do. The managing bank receives the corporate dividend in the foreign currency, converts the money to dollars, and pays the investors directly.
Are there additional costs to use them?
Yes, minor costs exist. The banks that issue the certificates usually charge a very small fee to cover the administrative costs of holding the original shares securely.

August 22, 2026

What is Pair Trading?

The stock market often feels like a roller coaster of unpredictable price swings. Navigating these constant changes requires smart and calculated methods. Many market participants look for ways to protect their investments from sudden economic downturns. They rely on specialized methods that focus on the relationship between different assets rather than the overall market direction. This approach offers a unique way to find balance and stability. Finding steady opportunities becomes much easier when market participants use historically proven data.

What is Pair Trading

Financial markets offer various ways to generate consistent returns. One highly effective method is pair trading. This is an automated and market-neutral strategy developed originally by researchers at Morgan Stanley. It focuses entirely on the price relationship between two highly correlated assets. When two related companies usually move together, their prices share a strong bond. Sometimes, temporary market events cause their prices to drift apart. This creates a unique opportunity for market participants.

Market participants often consult a pair trading stock list before making any financial decisions. This list helps identify companies that have a proven history of moving in tandem. By relying on historical data, investors can find reliable opportunities quickly.

Example of Pair Trading

To understand this concept clearly, consider two major companies in the banking sector. Let us look at Axis Bank and ICICI Bank as real-world examples. These two private sector banks share very similar business backgrounds Because they operate in the exact same environment, their daily stock prices tend to move together. This strong historical relationship makes them excellent pair trading stocks for market participants. Suppose a sudden news event causes Axis Bank to drop in price significantly.

At the exact same time, ICICI Bank remains stable or increases slightly in value. The historical price relationship between the two banks is temporarily broken. An informed investor knows this gap will likely close as the market digests the news.

The investor will immediately buy shares of Axis Bank because it is temporarily cheap. Simultaneously, the investor will sell shares of ICICI Bank to balance the overall position. This dual action protects the investor from broader banking sector movements.

How to Pick Right Stocks in Pair Trading

Selecting the correct assets is the most critical step for success. Market participants rely heavily on mathematical data to make these choices. Here are the key points to consider when picking the right assets:

Focus on the same sector: Companies like two competing banks or two car manufacturers face similar economic forces.
Check the Past correlation: Ensure the two assets have a history of moving together over a long period. Experts suggest checking performance over periods ranging from six months to five years.
Calculate the correlation coefficient: Use statistical tools to measure the exact strength of the relationship. A perfect positive relationship scores a +1, but investors usually look for a score of at least 0.80.
Test for cointegration: Correlation just shows if prices move in the same direction. Cointegration is a deeper mathematical test that ensures the actual price gap between the two assets remains stable over time.
Avoid structural changes: Do not pick companies that have recently changed their core business models. Historical data becomes useless if a company fundamentally alters how it operates.

To highlight the difference between the two most important statistical checks, review the comparison below. Understanding this distinction is vital for picking reliable assets.

Feature	Correlation	Cointegration
Primary Goal	Checks if two assets move in the same direction.	Checks if the price gap between assets remains stable.
Measurement	Scored as a decimal between -1.0 and +1.0.	Passed or failed based on advanced statistical tests.
Importance	Helps find initial pairs that look alike historically.	Confirms that the price gap will eventually close.
Reliability	Can give false signals if both stocks rise independently.	Highly reliable for predicting a return to the average price.

Following these specific points ensures the selected assets have a genuinely strong bond. Proper selection heavily reduces the chance of unexpected financial surprises.

How to Perform Pair Trade

Here are the necessary steps to perform the trade accurately:

Establish selection criteria: Begin by choosing a specific market sector and a clear timeframe for the price analysis. This narrows down the thousands of available companies to a smaller, manageable group.
Build a potential list: Identify asset pairs that show a strong historical price relationship. Confirm that these pairs have a correlation coefficient of 0.80 or higher.
Conduct detailed analysis: This confirms that the current price difference is just a temporary market reaction.
Execute the dual positions: Wait for a clear price divergence to appear on the market charts. Open a long position on the undervalued asset and a short position on the overvalued asset at the exact same moment.
Manage the financial risk: Set up automated stop-loss orders in the trading system. A stop-loss will automatically close the trade if the prices continue to drift further apart beyond a safe limit.
Close the market trades: Wait patiently for the prices to return to their normal historical gap. Once the assets reunite in their typical pattern, close both trades to secure the final outcome.

Advantage of Pair Trading

There are several notable benefits to using this relative value approach. It provides a unique way to interact with financial assets safely.

Market independence: The strategy does not rely on predicting whether the overall stock market will rise or fall. It remains effective during unpredictable or volatile economic periods.
Time efficiency: Participants do not need to constantly study macroeconomic conditions. The focus remains entirely on the specific relationship between the two chosen assets.
Risk reduction: By holding both a long and a short position simultaneously, the portfolio is naturally balanced. The negative impact of sudden market crashes is heavily minimized.
High flexibility: The strategy can be adjusted easily for different market timeframes. It works well for both short-term market participants and longer-term analytical enthusiasts.

Limitation of Pair Trading

Despite its structural benefits, this strategy carries specific risks and challenges. Market participants must be aware of these hurdles before allocating capital.

Permanent divergence risk: There is always a risk that the price gap between the two assets never closes. This happens if unexpected fundamental changes occur within one of the companies.
High entry barrier: Finding pairs with strong and reliable correlations requires advanced research. It demands deep statistical knowledge and complex mathematical testing.
Increased trading costs: The strategy requires opening and closing two separate positions at once. This means brokerage fees and mandatory market taxes are effectively doubled.

Conclusion

The financial markets offer countless ways to participate and grow capital. Focusing on relative asset value is a deeply fascinating method that removes much of the daily market noise. By analyzing how two related companies interact with each other, market participants can uncover hidden opportunities.

These opportunities exist entirely independently of broader economic swings or global news events. While this method requires careful research and a solid understanding of market relationships, the educational journey is highly rewarding. Exploring these balanced methods can bring a fresh and structured perspective to any modern financial endeavor.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of pair trading strategy?
It is a market-neutral technique involving buying one asset and selling a related asset simultaneously. The goal is to profit when their temporary price difference closes.
What are the main benefits of pair trading?
The primary benefit is its complete independence from market direction. It performs well regardless of whether the overall market crashes or rallies unexpectedly.
How do participants use pair trading?
Participants find two highly correlated assets and wait for their prices to drift apart. They take opposite positions and wait for prices to reunite.
What is a correlation coefficient?
It is a statistical number between -1 and +1. It measures exactly how closely two different assets move together in the market.
Can this strategy fail?
Yes. If the price gap between the chosen assets widens permanently instead of closing, financial losses will occur.

August 21, 2026

Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP): Meaning, Benefits & How It Works

A dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP, is an automatic system that allows you to purchase additional shares or mutual funds from the dividends that you earn. The dividend is not cashed out here.

The amount you earn as a dividend is reinvested so that it can grow over time for you. This is where you get the benefit of compounding as well.

The dividend under a dividend reinvestment plan is treated as an automatic investment plan that saves time and ensures your wealth grows over time. As an investor, knowing and understanding DRIP is very important. So, read this guide to know the details you need.

What Is a Dividend Reinvestment Plan?

A dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) is an investment facility that automatically uses the dividends to earn additional units of stock. This is something that works on its own once you set the plan in motion.

You know that when a dividend is announced, investors get money in their accounts. But when you register in the DRIP, the same amount helps you to buy additional shares. Now these shares will grow with your existing shares and offer you compounding benefits.

This is in mutual funds as well. Here, the distributed amount can be reinvested to purchase additional units under the IDCW Reinvestment option.

This allows your investment to grow and build wealth.

Key Features of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Feature	Description
Automatic reinvestment	Dividends are used to purchase additional shares or units automatically.
No manual investing	Investors do not need to reinvest every dividend themselves.
Compounding	Future dividends are earned on the increased investment.
Long-term focus	Best suited for investors with a longer investment horizon.
Flexible availability	Offered by companies, brokers, and mutual funds, depending on the product.

Why Do Investors Choose Dividend Reinvestment?

Dividend reinvestment allows investors to have steady growth of their investment without actually being involved a lot. The fund offers you better returns than the usual minimum value you get by placing money in your savings account.

Some common reasons include:

Building wealth through compounding
Increasing ownership without investing additional money
Maintaining investment discipline
Automating the investment process
Avoiding the need to manually purchase additional shares

This is a great long-term strategy for investors who do not need funds or are rather saving for the future.

How Does a Dividend Reinvestment Plan Work?

The process behind a dividend reinvestment plan is fairly straightforward. Whenever a company or mutual fund declares a dividend, eligible investors receive the benefit based on the number of shares or units they own. Instead of receiving the amount in cash, the dividend is automatically used to purchase additional shares or units.

Working of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Step	What Happens
Dividend is declared	The company or mutual fund announces a dividend.
Record date is fixed	Eligible shareholders or unit holders are identified.
Dividend amount is calculated	Based on the number of shares or units held.
Dividend is reinvested	Additional shares or units are purchased automatically.
Portfolio grows	Future dividends are calculated on the increased holding.

Example of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Say you have 300 shares of Company A. Now, the company announces a dividend of ₹8 per share.

Your total dividend works out to:

300 × ₹8 = ₹2,400

Now, say that the market price of the shares is ₹240. If you have DRIP active, you will get 10 additional shares.

Your holding increases from 300 shares to 310 shares without making any fresh investment.

So, now the next time the dividend is announced, you will get even more. You can invest this as well and create a chain of compounding that will grow for you.

Types of Dividend Reinvestment Plans

Although the concept remains the same, dividend reinvestment plans can differ depending on who offers them.

1. Company-Sponsored Dividend Reinvestment Plans

Some listed companies provide their own dividend reinvestment programme to shareholders.

These plans generally allow investors to:

Automatically reinvest dividends.
Purchase additional shares directly.
Enroll voluntarily before participating.

In certain global markets, companies may even offer shares at a discounted price under these programmes.

2. Broker-Sponsored Dividend Reinvestment Plans

Several brokerage platforms provide automatic dividend reinvestment as an account feature. This allows the broker to purchase on behalf of the client with the least intervention.

This simplifies the investment process, especially for long-term investors who prefer automation over manually placing buy orders after every dividend payment.

3. IDCW Reinvestment in Mutual Funds

In mutual funds, dividend options are now known as Income Distribution cum Capital Withdrawal (IDCW).

If you select the IDCW Reinvestment option:

The distributable amount is not credited to your bank account.
It is automatically invested in the same scheme.
Additional mutual fund units are allotted based on the applicable NAV.

Although the terminology has changed, the underlying principle remains similar to a dividend reinvestment plan.

4. Optional Dividend Reinvestment

The choice to select between dividend cash-out and reinvestment is offered to investors. This is through companies and brokers alike. This flexibility allows the investors to decide what they want. This is very good for retirees, as this allows them to pay out when needed.

Factors That Influence Dividend Reinvestment

Not every dividend payment results in the same number of additional shares or units. Several factors determine how much gets reinvested.

Some of the key factors that you should know are as follows:

Dividend amount declared by the company
Current market price of the stock
Applicable NAV in mutual funds
Number of shares or units already held
Reinvestment option selected by the investor

Common Misconceptions About Dividend Reinvestment

Many new investors can get confuse on what the DRIP is all about. This is where you should get clarity on certain common myths as follows:

Myth	Reality
Dividend reinvestment gives free shares.	Shares are purchased using your own dividend amount.
Reinvestment guarantees higher returns.	Returns still depend on market performance.
Dividends become tax-free if reinvested.	Tax rules may still apply depending on prevailing regulations.
Every company offers DRIPs.	Availability varies across companies and brokers.
Reinvestment removes investment risk.	Market risk remains even after reinvestment.

Who Should Choose a Dividend Reinvestment Plan?

A dividend reinvestment plan may not be perfect for all investors. This means that you should understand your goals and needs well before you decide to go ahead with them.

Here are some aspects that can help you decide if the DRIP is good for you or not:

Investor Type	Is a DRIP Suitable?	Reason
Long-term investors	Yes	Helps maximise compounding over time.
Young investors	Yes	A longer investment horizon allows compounding to work effectively.
Retirement corpus builders	Yes	Supports gradual wealth accumulation.
Passive investors	Yes	Automatic reinvestment requires minimal effort.
Income-focused investors	No	Cash dividends may better meet regular income needs.
Short-term traders	No	Limited benefit over a short investment period.

Before choosing a DRIP, consider what your priority is and what you need the money for. This will help you gain a better insight into which option is good for you.

Things to Consider Before Choosing a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

While a dividend reinvestment plan is perfect for long-term investing, here are some factors that you should consider before you start to decide on:

Investment objective: Choose reinvestment if your primary goal is long-term capital appreciation rather than regular income.
Dividend history: Companies with a consistent record of paying dividends are good for DRIP. So, ensure you check the same.
Financial strength: Review the company’s fundamentals before relying on dividend income for reinvestment.
Tax implications: Reinvested dividends may still be taxable under the applicable tax laws.
Portfolio diversification: Avoid allowing one stock to become an excessively large portion of your portfolio through repeated reinvestment.
Liquidity needs: If you expect to need cash in the near future, receiving dividends directly may be a better option.

Review your investments periodically to ensure your chosen dividend option continues to support your financial goals.

How to Invest Through Pocketful

Investing in dividend-paying stocks and mutual funds through Pocketful is simple. You will need to follow the steps below:

Download the Pocketful app or sign up on the website.
Open a free demat and trading account.
Complete your KYC verification.
Add funds to your trading account.
Research dividend-paying stocks or mutual funds using Pocketful’s tools.
Place your buy order and start building your portfolio.
Track your investments regularly.
Make changes as needed and ensure that you align with your goals.

Conclusion

A dividend reinvestment plan is a practical option for investors who want to grow their wealth through the power of compounding. This process is automatic, which means the investor intervention needed is very low.

But when you decide to start with DRIP, you must ensure that you are well aware of your goals and also the dividend value that you wish to reinvest. To select such companies, you need the right information. Pocketful provides a easy platform to research, invest, and manage your portfolio with ease.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a dividend reinvestment plan?
A dividend reinvestment plan automatically uses dividends to purchase additional shares or mutual fund units. This helps with compounding.
Is a dividend reinvestment plan better than receiving cash dividends?
It depends on your financial goals. Reinvestment is generally suitable for long-term wealth creation, while cash dividends may be preferable if you need regular income.
Is the dividend taxable under a dividend reinvestment plan?
Yes. Reinvested dividends are taxed according to the rules, even when they are not cashed out. Check with an expert before planning ahead.
Can I switch from dividend reinvestment to cash payouts?
In many cases, yes. The availability of this option depends on the company, broker, or mutual fund offering the dividend facility.
Who should opt for a dividend reinvestment plan?
Long-term investors who want to benefit from compounding and do not require immediate dividend income are generally the most suitable candidates for a dividend reinvestment plan.

August 20, 2026

Authorised person agreement describing rights and benefits

Before starting work as an Authorised Person in the stock market, it is essential to understand the terms of the agreement. The Authorised Person Agreement defines rights, responsibilities, commission, and the scope of work. But what are the associated benefits and the rules for terminating the agreement? Let’s understand this in simple terms.

Who Is an Authorised Person in the Stock Market?

An Authorised Person (AP) is an individual, partnership firm, LLP, or body corporate appointed by a stock broker to act as the broker’s agent and carry out permitted activities related to providing clients with access to the stock exchange’s trading platform. An AP also requires approval from the concerned stock exchange to operate.

What Is an Authorised Person Agreement?

When an individual works with a stockbroker as an Authorised Person, a written agreement is executed between the two parties. This Authorised Person Agreement clearly outlines the nature of the AP’s work, their responsibilities, and the method by which the broker will pay their commission or remuneration. It also includes provisions regarding confidentiality and the conditions for terminating the agreement.

What does an Authorised Person Agreement include?

Main condition	What does it mean
Scope of activities	What permitted activities can the AP undertake?
Responsibilities	Responsibilities of Brokers and APs
Confidentiality	Security of client and business information
Commission sharing	On what basis will the AP receive remuneration?
Termination clause	Under what conditions can the agreement be terminated?

Rights of an Authorised Person Under the Agreement

An AP’s rights under the agreement are primarily linked to their role, remuneration, and the terms established with the broker; therefore, it is essential to understand these in the context of the agreement’s conditions.

Right to Agreed Remuneration: An AP receives agreed-upon remuneration from the broker in exchange for their services. This may take the form of commissions, fees, charges, or a salary. An AP cannot charge clients directly for their remuneration.
Clarity Regarding Role and Activities: The agreement outlines the scope of the AP’s activities and responsibilities. This ensures they are aware beforehand of the permitted activities they may undertake on behalf of the broker.
Understanding Commission-Sharing Terms: The agreement also includes terms related to commission sharing. Consequently, the AP should understand how the commission is determined, the conditions governing payment, and how their remuneration is linked to their role.
Knowledge of Important Contract Terms: Conditions such as confidentiality and termination are also part of the agreement. Understanding these beforehand provides the AP with clarity regarding their work and the terms of their relationship with the broker.

Benefits of Being an Authorised Person

The benefits of becoming an Authorized Person (AP) extend beyond just earning commissions. Partnering with a broker offers the AP an opportunity to expand their financial services business and better serve their existing client network.

Opportunity to Grow the Business: By leveraging their existing network and market knowledge, an AP can introduce the broker’s services to a wider audience. This creates scope for gradually building a client base.
Access to Broker’s Infrastructure: An AP can utilize the trading platforms, technology, and operational support provided by the broker. However, access to these facilities depends on the specific agreement established with the broker.
Scope for Commission-Based Earnings: An AP receives agreed-upon remuneration from the broker in exchange for their services. As the business grows, there is potential for increased earnings; however, there is no guarantee of a fixed income.
Facilitating Client Service: By partnering with a broker, an AP can help their clients access the broker’s trading ecosystem and services. This enables the AP to manage client relationships in a more structured and efficient manner.

Authorised Person Rights and Responsibilities: Understanding the Difference

An Authorised Person acquires certain contractual rights under the agreement but is also required to comply with the rules prescribed by the broker and the exchange.

Rights of Authorised Person	Responsibilities of Authorised Person
Right to receive the agreed remuneration from the broker.	Adhering to the agreement and applicable exchange rules.
Clarity regarding one’s permitted activities and role	Working within the limits of one’s authority
Knowing the agreed terms of commission sharing	Keeping client information confidential
The right to understand the terms set out in the agreement.	Not accepting payment directly from the client for one’s remuneration.
Working according to the agreed-upon working arrangement with the broker.	Not receiving or paying client money or securities in one’s own name or account.

Under the NSE’s current framework, terms regarding an AP’s activities, responsibilities, confidentiality, commission sharing, and termination are covered in a written agreement. Additionally, client funds and securities must not be held in the AP’s own account.

Code of Conduct for an Authorised Person

An Authorised Person (AP) must adhere to the established rules, record-keeping requirements, and client-related procedures while working with the broker. The agreement may also outline practical conditions that clarify the AP’s day-to-day operations.

Clear Understanding Regarding Commission with the Broker: There must be a clear agreement between the AP and the stock broker regarding commission payouts. Since the terms of commission sharing are defined in the written agreement, it is best to clarify these details upfront to avoid any confusion regarding payments later on.
Proper Maintenance of Transactions and Records: It is essential to keep records related to the AP’s work organized. Brokers are required to conduct periodic inspections of their AP’s operations and records; therefore, maintaining documents and transaction-related information correctly is crucial from both a practical and a compliance perspective.
Not Issuing Documents Independently Without Broker Approval: Official documents such as contract notes and statements related to clients are issued by the broker. While an AP may provide administrative assistance, they cannot issue such documents in their own name.
Not Holding Client Funds or Securities in Personal Accounts: An AP cannot receive or pay client funds or securities in their own name or account. The settlement of client funds and securities must take place between the broker and the client in accordance with the prescribed process.
Providing Necessary Information to the Broker: Brokers are required to monitor the activities and records of their APs. Consequently, the AP must make all necessary records and information related to their work available for the broker’s review or inspection.

What Should You Check Before Signing an Authorised Person Agreement?

Looking only at the commission is not enough before signing an agreement. It is essential to understand certain practical clauses beforehand, as these terms can later influence your working style and your relationship with the broker.

Check the Agreement’s Validity and Parties Involved: First, ensure that the agreement contains the correct details of the stock broker and the Authorised Person (AP) and that the document pertains to the authorized arrangement. The AP should also ensure that the copy of the agreement is properly executed.
Read Commercial Terms Carefully: Beyond the commission, examine the payment cycle, applicable conditions, deductions, and other commercial terms. Be sure to verify whether the points verbally communicated by the broker are clearly reflected in the agreement.
Understand Modification and Approval Clauses: Read the clauses regarding whether the broker’s approval or intimation is required in the event of changes to the AP’s firm, LLP, or company such as changes in constitution, ownership, or other significant details.
Review Inspection and Record-Keeping Terms: The agreement may contain requirements regarding the AP’s records and broker inspections. Therefore, understand which records must be maintained and how or when information must be provided to the broker.
Understand Conditions for Termination: It is crucial to know the notice period, applicable procedures, and pending obligations regarding the termination of the agreement. Understanding this helps avoid unexpected issues when ending the relationship.

Terminating an Authorised Person Agreement

When the working relationship between a broker and an Authorised Person (AP) is to be ended, a mutual decision alone is insufficient; adherence to the agreement’s termination clause and the applicable exchange process is mandatory. Under the NSE’s current framework, an AP appointment can be withdrawn or cancelled upon the request of either the broker or the AP, subject to prescribed requirements.

When can the agreement be terminated?

Termination or cancellation may occur when the broker or the AP wishes to end the relationship. Additionally, the Exchange may withdraw the appointment if the AP subsequently fails to meet eligibility requirements or if their continuation is deemed contrary to the interests of investors or the securities market.

What is the termination process?

If a broker wishes to cancel an AP’s appointment, the cancellation application must be submitted via ENIT, and the required documents must be uploaded in accordance with the NSE’s current process. There is no requirement for the submission of physical documents.

What should be kept in mind after termination?

The termination of the agreement does not automatically extinguish all pre-existing responsibilities. It is essential to handle pending transactions, records, client-related matters, and any continuing obligations stipulated in the agreement in accordance with the applicable terms.

Conclusion

The Authorised Person Agreement is not merely a formal document; it clarifies the terms of work, responsibilities, and expectations between the broker and the AP. Before signing it, it is essential to understand the rights, commission structure, Code of Conduct, and termination conditions. This ensures the relationship is clearer and managed professionally. If you are looking to become an Authorised Person, partner with Pocketful to access competitive profit-sharing opportunities, advanced trading tools, and dedicated support to help you manage and grow your business efficiently.

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2	SEBI Rules for Authorised Person Registration
3	What Happens If a Stockbroker Shuts Down?
4	Can an Authorised Person Trade for Himself? Rules Explained
5	Remisier vs Authorized Person (AP): Key Differences
6	How to Start a Sub Broker Business in India

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an Authorised Person Agreement?
It is a written agreement between the broker and the Authorised Person (AP) that outlines the terms of their working relationship.
What are the rights of an Authorised Person?
An AP is entitled to agreed remuneration and the contractual rights specified in the agreement.
What are the benefits of becoming an Authorised Person?
An AP gets the opportunity to grow their business in collaboration with the broker and earn income based on commissions.
What is the Code of Conduct for an Authorised Person?
An AP is required to engage in fair dealing and adhere to the applicable rules set by SEBI, the exchange, and the broker.
Can an Authorised Person charge clients directly?
No, an AP cannot charge their remuneration directly to clients.

August 20, 2026

Discount Broker vs Full-Service Broker: Key Differences

The stock market offers endless possibilities for wealth creation. Entering this dynamic space requires a reliable financial partner to execute trades and secure investments. In the past, participating in the market was a luxury reserved for a select few. Today, smartphones and affordable internet access have completely transformed the landscape. Anyone with a basic bank account can now buy and sell shares easily. Choosing the right platform is an essential step. It sets a strong foundation for managing capital and building long-term financial stability.

What is a Discount Broker

A discount broker provides a highly affordable digital platform for buying and selling shares. These modern firms operate entirely online and rely heavily on advanced technology. They eliminate the need for physical branches and manual paperwork. When investors compare a discount broker vs full service broker, the pricing structure always stands out. Discount brokers do not charge large percentage-based commissions on every trade.

Instead, they charge a low flat fee for each transaction. Many modern platforms offer zero fees for long-term stock delivery trades. This model works exceptionally well for frequent traders who want to minimize their costs. Looking closely at a full service broker vs discount broker, the discount model distinctly skips personalized financial advice. These firms do not employ dedicated relationship managers to call clients with stock tips.

What is a Full-service Broker

A full-service broker provides a comprehensive package of traditional financial services. These established firms usually maintain large physical offices across multiple cities. They employ experienced financial advisors, market analysts, and dedicated research teams. When individuals analyze the difference between discount broker and full service broker, the level of human support becomes the deciding factor.

Understanding the difference between full service broker and discount broker reveals why traditional firms retain a strong client base. Wealthy individuals and busy professionals often lack the time to study daily market trends. They rely on these experienced professionals to make safe and informed choices with their capital. This business model is similar to real estate, where full-service agents research the housing market and advise buyers on the best properties.

Difference between a discount broker vs. full-service broker

Comparing these two types of platforms side by side makes the decision process much easier. Both models serve the same fundamental purpose of stock market trading. However, their methods and costs differ significantly.

The table below highlights the core differences clearly.

Feature	Discount Broker	Full-Service Broker
Meaning	An online platform providing low-cost trade execution.	A traditional firm offering trading plus advisory services.
Fees and Charges	Charges a low flat fee or zero brokerage on delivery.	Charges a higher percentage-based commission on trades.
Investment Advice	Does not provide personalized tips or research reports.	Provides detailed research, stock tips, and financial planning.
Physical Branches	Rarely has physical offices for customer visits.	Has multiple physical branches across various cities.
Target Audience	Young investors, active traders, and tech-savvy users.	High net worth individuals and traditional investors.
Platform Interface	Highly advanced, fast, and user-friendly mobile apps.	Traditional software, though many now offer mobile apps.
Relationship Manager	No dedicated manager is assigned to the client.	A dedicated manager assists with trading and queries.

This structure shows that neither option is inherently wrong. The right choice depends purely on what the investor needs at this moment in their financial journey.

Read Also: What is a Stock Broker?

Discount brokers or full-service brokers and which to choose

Deciding which platform to select depends heavily on personal financial goals. It also depends on the individual’s knowledge of the stock market. Investors with a smaller capital base generally pick a discount broker. This strategy helps them save heavily on transaction fees.

On the other hand, individuals with large amounts of capital might want a professional touch. They might not have the time to track daily market movements. These investors do not mind paying extra for the comfort of expert research. Many wealthy individuals search for the best full service broker in india to secure hands-on portfolio management. They value regular phone calls from their relationship manager to discuss portfolio health.

It is also common for investors to switch between these platforms as their needs change. A college student might start with a low-cost app to learn the basics of trading. Years later, as their wealth grows, they might open a secondary account with a traditional firm for wealth management. Therefore, a beginner willing to learn through online resources will thrive with a discount broker. An investor seeking a completely hands-off approach will find a traditional firm more suitable.

Factors to consider before choosing stock broker

Making the final decision requires looking at a few essential factors. Investors should evaluate these points carefully before opening an account.

Brokerage and Statutory Charges

Evaluate Flat Fees: Investors must closely check the brokerage fees applied to delivery and intraday trading. Keeping fixed costs low helps small accounts grow faster.
Check Maintenance Costs: It is extremely important to look for hidden charges like annual maintenance fees. Platforms like Pocketful offer zero annual maintenance charges, which is highly beneficial for beginners.
Understand Regulatory Changes: Recent regulations from the Securities and Exchange Board of India require brokers to be transparent with exchange charges. This ensures traders only pay the actual fees levied by the exchange without hidden broker markups.

Trading Platform Technology

Speed and Reliability: The trading app or website must be extremely fast and easy to navigate. A slow application can cause missed opportunities in a fast-moving market.
Advanced Charting: Investors should ensure the platform offers live charts and quick order execution speeds. Good technical tools are strictly necessary for those who want to trade independently.
Modern Trading Modes: Features like Scalper Mode help high-frequency traders place rapid orders. A smooth platform prevents frustration during volatile trading hours.

Margin and Leverage Facilities

Understand Margin Lending: Many active traders use borrowed funds from their broker to increase their trading capacity. This practice is widely known as margin trading.
Compare Interest Rates: Investors should thoroughly check the interest rates charged on these margin facilities. Lower interest rates help in keeping the borrowing costs highly manageable.
Look for Special Rates: Pocketful provides margin trading facilities starting at very competitive rates of 5.99 percent for active users.

Range of Investment Options

Diversified Asset Classes: A good stockbroker should offer multiple ways to grow wealth efficiently. The platform must support trading in direct shares, mutual funds, and initial public offerings.
New Age Instruments: Some modern platforms also offer bonds and exchange-traded funds. Having all these financial instruments in one single place makes portfolio management much easier.
Curated Portfolios: Pocketful, for instance, provides access to curated investment pockets and mutual funds seamlessly on a single screen.

Regulatory Compliance and Safety

Verify Official Registration: Safety is always the most critical factor in the financial markets. The chosen broker must be officially registered with national regulatory authorities.
Fund Security: This ensures that the firm follows strict rules designed to protect client funds. A registered broker guarantees a secure and completely transparent trading environment.
Avoid Unregistered Entities: Investors should never deposit money into unverified or unregistered platforms.

Account Opening Process

Paperless Onboarding: The entire process of opening a Demat account should be fully digital. Modern brokers allow accounts to be opened in just a few minutes using basic identity cards.
Avoid Complex Paperwork: Investors should actively avoid platforms that require long and tedious physical paperwork.
Technology Indicator: A smooth and quick onboarding process is usually a very good indicator of the platform’s overall technological capability.

Conclusion

Entering the financial markets is a wonderful step toward building a stable future. Both types of stockbrokers offer unique benefits tailored to different needs. Discount brokers bring affordability, speed, and modern technology to the fingertips of the user. Traditional firms provide comfort, human interaction, and expert advice for large portfolios.

The ideal path depends entirely on the specific requirements of the individual. The stock market welcomes all participants equally. Having a reliable and secure platform ensures a safe and rewarding financial journey.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	How to Become a Sub Broker in India
2	SEBI Rules for Authorised Person Registration
3	What Happens If a Stockbroker Shuts Down?
4	Can an Authorised Person Trade for Himself? Rules Explained
5	Remisier vs Authorized Person (AP): Key Differences
6	How to Start a Sub Broker Business

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a discount broker?
A discount broker is an online platform that executes stock trades at very low flat fees.
What is a full-service broker?
A full-service broker provides trade execution along with dedicated financial advice. They offer research reports, tax planning, and portfolio management through a personal relationship manager.
How do investors benefit from a discount broker?
Investors save heavily on daily commission costs. Modern platforms like Pocketful offer zero delivery brokerage and zero maintenance charges.
What is the main benefit of a traditional broker?
They offer expert human guidance. This helps busy investors make informed and safe decisions without spending hours conducting personal market research.
How does someone open an account?
Users simply need to open a Demat and trading account online using basic identity documents like a PAN card. Once verified digitally, funds can be added to start trading immediately

August 19, 2026

What Is a Balanced Fund? Meaning, Benefits & Risks

When it comes to investing, it is always advisable not to put all your eggs in one basket; that is, to diversify your funds across different assets. However, investing separately in equity and debt requires a huge amount of money. But the balanced fund has solved this problem, through which an investor can get direct exposure to equity and debt through a single investment.

Today, we will give you an overview of balanced funds and their key benefits.

What are Balanced Funds?

A Balanced fund is a category of mutual fund that invests in a mix of equities and debt or fixed instruments such as government securities, corporate bonds, etc. The main objective of this fund is to create a balance between growth and stability. Equity investment comes with volatility; hence, it is not suitable for investors seeking stability in the portfolio. Then SEBI came up with an idea to introduce a fund known as Balanced, in which a fund manager can also take exposure to debt along with equity to provide stability in the portfolio.

Key Features of Balanced Fund

The key features of a balanced fund are as follows:

Mix of Equity and Debt: This is one of the key features of a balanced fund that it has an allocation in both equity and debt that provides stability with growth.
Professional Management: The portfolio of a balanced fund is managed by a professional fund manager who decides which securities to buy and sell based on market conditions.
Moderate Investors: Investors who have a moderate risk profile can consider investing in a balanced advantage fund.
Rebalancing: The fund manager regularly rebalances the portfolio between equity and debt depending on the market conditions to generate higher returns.
Market Linked Performance: The returns of the portfolio depend on the market performance because a major portion of the portfolio is allocated towards equity.

Best Balanced Fund

HDFC Balanced Advantage Fund
ICICI Prudential Balanced Advantage Fund
SBI Balanced Advantage Fund
Kotak Balanced Advantage Fund
Edelweiss Balanced Advantage Fund

Funds	Net Assets (Cr)	1 Yr Ret (%)	3 Yr Ret (%)	5 Yr Ret (%)	Base Expense Ratio (%)	Exit Load (Period)
HDFC Balanced Advantage Fund – Regular Plan	1,07,766	3.84	13.13	14.89	1.09	1.00 (365)
ICICI Prudential Balanced Advantage Fund	72,486	9.00	12.24	11.18	1.14	1.00 (365)
SBI Balanced Advantage Fund – Regular Plan	41,513	5.57	10.30	—	1.28	1.00 (365)
Kotak Balanced Advantage Fund – Regular Plan	17,429	5.15	9.68	8.88	1.43	1.00 (180)
Edelweiss Balanced Advantage Fund – Regular Plan	13,031	7.70	10.49	9.33	1.46	1.00 (90)

Overview of Best Balanced Fund

The overview of the best balanced fund is as follows:

HDFC Balanced Advantage Fund: This is one of the oldest funds in the balanced advantage category. It was launched by HDFC AMC in 2000. It follows a dynamic asset allocation strategy in which the fund manager changes the equity exposure based on market conditions. This fund is suitable for investors with medium to long duration.
ICICI Prudential Balanced Advantage Fund: This fund was launched in December 2006. The fund dynamically adjusts its allocation in equity and debt based on market valuations. The fund strategy attempts to generate returns in the long run while keeping risk limited.
SBI Balanced Advantage Fund: This is a new fund in this category launched in 2021. The category of the fund gives it the flexibility to take more aggressive bets when the opportunity arises in the market, and the fund manager becomes defensive when the market turns challenging.
Kotak Balanced Advantage Fund: This fund was launched in 2018 and aims to provide investors with a diversified portfolio of equity and debt. This helps an investor make informed decisions, and the fund manager decides when to increase equity exposure and when to become more defensive.
Edelweiss Balanced Advantage Fund: The fund was launched in 2009 by Edelweiss Asset Management Company. One of the key advantages of investing in this fund is to strike a balance between growth and stability in the portfolio by adjusting the asset allocation. It is suitable for long-term investors having a moderate risk profile.

How do Balanced Funds Work

A balanced fund works by investing investors’ money in equity and debt, and the fund manager can change the allocation based on market conditions. The allocation to equity by the fund manager generates capital appreciation in the portfolio, whereas the allocation to debt in the portfolio provides stability. The periodic rebalancing is done by the fund manager, and the NAV of the fund depends on the performance of the fund.

Benefits of Investing in Balanced Fund

The key advantages of investing in a balanced fund are as follows:

Long-Term Wealth Creation: Investment in this fund allows an investor to create wealth in the long-run. As balanced funds have equity in their portfolio, therefore it is suitable for long-term investors.
Reduce Dependency: Market conditions affect asset classes in a different manner. While equity goes through a tough phase, debt in the portfolio provides stability; therefore, this fund reduces dependency on a single asset class.
Convenient: Investment in a balanced fund can be started with a small amount. This makes it accessible for the investor who does not wish to invest a large amount.

Risk of Investing in a Balanced Fund

The key risks of investing in a balanced fund are as follows:

Market Risk: As the fund manager invests a significant portion of the portfolio in equity, if the market falls, the investment value can also fall.
Credit Risk: Balanced funds invest in fixed income securities such as corporate bonds, etc., that are exposed to credit risk such as default or delay in payments by the issuer of the securities.
Exit Load: There are various balanced fund that carries exit load; therefore, if the investor withdraws the money before a defined time period, the fund may charge an exit load.

How to Invest in Mutual Fund

To invest in mutual funds, one can follow the steps mentioned below:

Open Account: The first step towards investing in a balanced fund is to open an account with Pocketful.
Completing KYC: To open an account, one is required to complete the KYC, which generally takes 5-10 minutes. For this, one is required to have basic documents such as PAN, Aadhaar, etc.
Look For Mutual Fund: After logging in to the mobile application, you need to visit the mutual fund section of the mobile application.
Choose Fund: In the mutual fund section, you can look for the balanced fund of your choice. The fund can be chosen based on the risk profile and fund performance.
Choose Investment Option: Once the fund is chosen, you can select the investment option such as SIP or Lumpsum.
Periodic Review: An investor should periodically review their portfolio to enhance its return by removing underperforming funds from the portfolio.

Who Can Invest in a Balanced Fund?

Investment in a balanced fund is suitable for investors who want to have a mix of both growth and stability in their portfolio and do not want to take the risk associated with pure equity funds. Investors having a short-term investment horizon, generally up to 4-5 years, can invest in this fund. This fund allows an investor to have diversification across equity and debt through a single investment. However, choosing a balanced category of mutual fund depends on the investor’s risk profile and goals.

Conclusion

On a concluding note, investment in a balanced fund can be a good option for investors seeking stable returns along with moderate growth in the portfolio. Instead of investing in different asset classes such as equity and debt, one can get direct exposure by investing in a single fund. However, these funds are not completely risk-free and carry certain risks such as market risk, credit risk, etc. Therefore, it is advisable to consult your investment advisor before making any investment in a balanced fund.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a balanced fund?
The balanced fund meaning refers to a category of mutual fund in which a fund manager primarily invests in equity and debt based on the market conditions.
Among a balanced fund and an equity fund, which is more risky?
An equity fund carries more risk as a major portion of its portfolio invests in equity. Whereas, on the other side a balanced fund invests a portion in debt that increases stability in the portfolio.
Do balanced funds give guaranteed returns?
No, a balanced fund does not give guaranteed returns as its portfolio contains a significant portion in equity; therefore, its returns are dependent on market returns.
Can I withdraw money anytime from a balanced fund?
Yes, you can withdraw money from a balanced fund anytime. However, there are some balanced advantage funds that carry exit load.
Balanced Advantage Funds are suitable for which types of investors?
Balanced Advantage Funds are suitable for moderate and conservative investors. These investors wish to have stability along with moderate returns in the portfolio.

August 19, 2026

SEBI Rules for Demat Account: Opening, Closure & More

Opening a demat account is very easy nowadays, but before opening a demat account and starting your investor journey, one must be aware of the SEBI rules for demat accounts because SEBI has introduced various guidelines related to each and every aspect of a demat account.

Today, we will give you an overview of SEBI rules for demat accounts related to closure, opening, etc.

What is a Demat Account?

A demat account is an electronic account used by investors to hold securities such as shares and debentures in electronic form. It can be considered a digital locker for the investor. The objective of this demat account is to eliminate physical share certificates, allowing users to transfer securities faster.

Participants of Demat Ecosystem

The key participants of the demat ecosystem are as follows:

SEBI: The Securities and Exchange Board of India is an institution that regulates the capital market. It establishes rules and regulations for brokers, depositors, and others. SEBI ensures that investors’ rights are protected and that the securities market is operated in a fair manner.
Depositories: India has two central depositories, NSDL and CDSL. Their primary purpose is to hold securities in electronic form. Investors generally do not interact directly with the depositories; they act through depository participants.
DP: Depository participants act as a link between investors and depositories. If you open a demat account with a broker, they act as depository participants.
Exchange: A stock exchange is a marketplace where securities are bought and sold. There are two exchanges in India: BSE and NSE. Whenever you place a trade, they are redirected to the relevant exchange.
Broker: Stock brokers generally provide a platform through which one can place buy and sell orders on the exchange. The platforms from the brokers generally include mobile applications and web platforms.
Clearing Corporation: It plays an important role once a trade is executed; the clearing corporation clears the obligations of buyers and sellers.

SEBI Rule for Opening a Demat Account

The key SEBI rules for opening a demat account are as follows:

SEBI Registered DP: One should open a demat account only with a SEBI-registered Depository Participant, as only DPs are allowed to open a demat account for investors.
Mandatory KYC: Investors are required to complete their KYC process to open a demat account. For this, the key documents required are PAN, Identity Proof, etc.
No Requirement of Balance: Generally, it is not required to maintain a minimum balance in their demat and trading account, unlike a bank account.
Nomination: Investors are required to appoint a nominee in their demat account or give a declaration that they do not wish to nominate anyone in their demat account. This is a mandatory process.

SEBI Rule for Closing a Demat Account

The rules defined by SEBI to close a demat account are as follows:

Submission of Closure Request: You need to submit an account closure request to your DP. The submission can be made through an online process or through a physical form.
Clearance of Securities: One should make sure that all the securities in the demat account can either be sold or transferred to another trading account.
Settle Due: If there are any outstanding charges in the demat account that should be settled before closing the demat account.
Zero Account Closure Charges: The key rule defined by SEBI is that no broker can charge any account closure charge on an investor.
Timeline for Account Closure: The timeline defined by SEBI to close a demat account is 30 days after the DP receives the required documents.

SEBI Rule for Nomination in Demat Account

The rules of nomination in a demat account defined by SEBI are as follows:

Nomination Up to 3 People: One can nominate up to 3 persons in their demat account.
Mandatory: According to the new regulation defined by SEBI, it is mandatory to provide a nominee in the account unless specifically choosing to opt out by nomination.
Change or Cancellation of Nominee: The nominee can be changed or cancel anytime that provides flexibility to choose them.
Nominee Percentage: If you have added more than one nominee in your demat account, you can define the percentage of allocation among them.

SEBI Rule for Dematerialisation of Shares

The rules related to dematerialisation of shares are as follows:

Demat Before Transfer: Whenever you want to sell or transfer your physical shares, you need to get them converted into electronic form.
Verification of Physical Shares: The physical shares need to be verified by the RTA before completing the demat process.

SEBI Rule for Basic Services Demat Account (BSDA)

Investors are required to pay a small amount towards the annual maintenance charge for maintaining a demat account with the broker.

Single Account: The investor should have only one demat account and must be an individual. The value of securities should not exceed 10 Lakh.
AMC Limit: If the securities have a value of up to 4 lakh, there will be no AMC applicable. However, if the value of securities increased from 4 lakh to 10 lakh, the AMC will be charged up to INR 100.

SEBI Rule for Minor Demat Account

The SEBI rules defined for a minor demat account are as follows:

No Joint Holder: The minor’s demat account cannot be opened as a joint holder, or it can be added as a joint holder in another demat account.
Operated by Guardian: The guardian of the minor is responsible for operating the minor’s demat account. They can operate the account until the minor gets a major.

SEBI Rule for NRI Demat Account

NRIs can also operate a demat account in India, and the rules of SEBI related to NRI demat accounts are as follows:

NRI Account: NRIs must open a separate NRI demat account with the broker. However, this account cannot be opened online; it can only be opened through a physical form.
Different Bank Account: The bank account linked with the NRI demat account cannot be a regular bank account. NRIs are required to link a different bank account with the demat account, and the account includes NRO and NRE accounts.
Limit on Investment: There are certain restrictions applicable on the limit of investments to be made through an NRI demat account.
Conversion of Account: If a resident individual becomes an NRI, they must convert their regular demat account into an NRI Demat account as soon as they become an NRI to operate it efficiently.

SEBI Grievance Redressal Mechanism

SEBI has a very strict grievance mechanism to protect the interests of investors:

Concerned Depository Participant: In case of any issue, the investor first needs to approach the entity with which they have an issue. It can be a broker, mutual fund company, etc.
SCORES: If the complaints are not resolved by the entity to which it belongs, the investor can then approach SEBI through a dedicated online portal known as “SCORES”. One can create their account on this platform and file complaints; along with this, they can track it.

Read Also: SEBI MTF Rules 2026 Explained

Conclusion

On a concluding note, a demat account has made investing in ETFs, stocks, bonds, etc. much easier than earlier. But there are various rules and regulations laid down by the regulating agency, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, related to account opening, conversion of physical shares, nominee, etc. And if you face any problem with any market participants, you can directly raise a complaint to SEBI if it has not been resolved with the intermediary. However, as an investor, you must understand all the rules and regulations before starting your investment journey and consult your investment advisor.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is it mandatory to add a nominee in a demat account?
No, it is not mandatory to add a nominee to a demat account; however, if you do not wish to opt for nomination, you must provide a declaration related to it. But it is advisable to add a nominee for smooth transmission of securities after the death of the holder.
What is a BSDA demat account?
A BSDA account is commonly known as a Basic Service Demat Account. Only an individual can have this demat account, and it offers lower AMC charges. There is zero AMC on a BSDA account having holdings up to 4 lakhs; however, up to 100 INR AMC is applicable on accounts having securities valued between 4 lakhs and 10 lakhs.
Can I still hold securities in physical form?
Yes, you can still hold securities in physical form; however, before transferring securities, one is required to get them dematerialised as it is mandatory by SEBI.
What is the full form of SCORES?
The full form of SCORES is SEBI Compliant Redress System. It is an online platform through which an investor can raise complaints against any registered market intermediaries and can track them online.
Can a demat account be opened in the name of a minor?
Yes, a demat account can be opened in the name of a minor; however, it has to be operated under the supervision of guardians.

August 19, 2026

What is Quoted Price in Commodity Trading?

A vegetable market in a village is a perfect example of trade. Buyers shout their bids loudly. Sellers state their demands clearly. The final amount agreed upon for a basket of tomatoes is much like how trading functions on a larger scale. In the world of finance, raw materials like gold, silver, and crude oil change hands every single second. Understanding how buyers and sellers agree on a final amount is the first step to mastering the markets.

What is Quoted Price in Commodity Trading?

Individuals starting their financial journey often search for terms like quoted price meaning, quoted rate, quoted price to grasp market basics. In simple terms, a quoted price is the most recent amount at which a commodity was successfully traded. It is often referred to as the last traded price.

Commodities is a basic raw materials used in everyday life. These include agricultural product like cotton and spices. They also include natural resources like crude oil, natural gas, and precious metals. Traders buy and sell these physical goods on a digital platform called an exchange.

Every single trade needs a clear reference point to function smoothly. The quoted price acts as this reliable reference point. It is never a fixed number that stays the same all day. Instead, it constantly changes based on how many people want to buy and how many want to sell.

This specific price is driven by two main elements in the market. The first element is the bid price. The bid is the absolute highest amount a buyer is ready to pay for a specific good. The second element is the ask price. The ask is the lowest amount a seller is willing to accept to part with that good.

Where are Commodity Prices Quoted?

In India, commodity prices are quoted on highly regulated trading platforms. The two main platforms are the Multi Commodity Exchange, widely known as MCX, and the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, known as NCDEX. These major exchanges act like giant digital marketplaces for buyers and sellers.

They have an electronic ticker that shows various commodities and their latest prices in real time. Because the market moves very fast, this digital screen updates instantly to provide accurate information.

Traders can easily see these live quotes on digital broker platforms. Pocketful is one such platform that provides real time data and clear charts. Accessing this data helps participants make quick and informed financial decisions.

Components of Commodity Quote

To fully understand the quoted price meaning, one must look closely at the different parts of a market screen. A standard commodity quote has several important components that tell a complete story about the asset. When looking at a trading screen on a platform like Pocketful, these components appear side by side.

Here are the main components listed in points for clear understanding:

Bid Price: This is the highest amount a buyer is actively willing to pay for an asset. Buyers always want to pay less to secure a good deal.
Ask Price: This is the lowest amount a seller is willing to accept to sell an asset. Sellers always want to get more money for their holdings.
Bid Ask Spread: This represents the numerical difference between the bid and the ask. A smaller difference usually means the market is highly active with many participants. A wider spread means fewer people are trading at that moment.
Last Traded Price: Often called LTP, this is the exact amount at which the most recent trade took place. It serves as the current market value for that exact second.
Open Price: This shows the starting value of a commodity when the market opens for a specific trading session. It sets the initial mood for the day.
High and Low Price: The high price shows the absolute highest amount the asset reached during the current trading day. The low price shows the lowest amount the asset touched. These show peak buyer interest and maximum seller pressure.
Previous Close: This represents the final value of the commodity at the end of the previous trading day. It helps traders calculate daily changes in percentage.
Volume: This tells traders the total quantity of the asset that was traded during a specific time. High volume indicates strong market interest and better safety for participants. When volume is high, it means thousands of buyers and sellers are actively participating.

Component	Description	Market Purpose
Bid Price	Highest price a buyer will pay	Shows active buyer demand
Ask Price	Lowest price a seller will accept	Shows active seller supply
LTP	Price of the last successful trade	Shows exact current value
Volume	Total quantity traded in a period	Indicates overall market activity

Factors Affecting Quoted Prices

Commodity values do not change by magic. Here are several real world factors that influence these changes every single minute.

Demand and Supply Dynamics: This is the biggest and most basic factor driving any market. When more people want to buy an asset, the value naturally goes up. If there is a massive supply but very few buyers, the value drops.
Global Market Trends: Indian exchanges are deeply connected to the rest of the world. If the global benchmark for crude oil rises due to international events, the local value in India will also increase. The domestic market does not operate in total isolation.
Currency Fluctuations: Commodities in India are often influenced by the strength of the US Dollar. A weaker Indian Rupee makes imported raw materials much more expensive to buy. This currency shift directly increases the value shown on the local trading screen.
Government Policies and Regulations: Decisions made by the government play a massive role in pricing. This affects agricultural products very strongly and can cause overnight shifts in the market.
Market Liquidity and Volume: Assets that are traded heavily tend to have smooth and stable values. Goods that are rarely traded might see wild price swings due to low liquidity constraints.

Units of Quotation in Commodities

In the physical world, people buy everyday goods in kilograms, liters, or tons. The commodity Trading follows a very similar logic. The quoted rate quoted price always represents a specific, predefined unit of the asset. It never represents random or unspecified amounts.

When a trader looks at the trading screen, the number they see is for a standard unit. Understanding these units is extremely crucial for calculating the total trade value accurately. Different commodities use entirely different measurements based on their physical nature.

Gold is a great example to understand this system. On the Multi Commodity Exchange, the standard futures contract for gold is often quoted per 10 grams. Silver, on the other hand, is usually quoted per kilogram. Energy products have their own specific standards. Crude oil is always quoted per barrel. Natural gas is quoted in millions of British thermal units, commonly known by the short form mmBtu. Agricultural goods like cotton or chana are typically quoted per quintal. Base metals such as copper, zinc, and aluminum are strictly quoted per kilogram.

Conclusion

Understanding the basic concepts of the financial market is a truly rewarding journey. Learning how these pricing mechanisms work opens up new perspectives on global trade and daily economics. The commodity market provides a transparent platform where simple knowledge and patience go a very long way. Anyone can grasp these market concepts with a little bit of regular reading and practice.

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4	5 Tips for Successful Commodity Trading
5	Stock Market vs Commodity Market

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of a quoted price in commodity trading?
It is the exact amount at which a commodity was most recently traded on an exchange. It serves as the real time market value for that specific asset.
What are the benefits of tracking quoted market prices?
Tracking helps individuals understand real time supply and demand trends. It allows them to spot patterns and make highly informed financial decisions.
How to use quoted price information for daily trading?
Traders observe these numbers to find the right time to buy or sell. Comparing current values to historical data helps in planning safer market strategies.
Do quoted values include broker taxes and fees?
No, the amount shown on the trading screen usually does not include broker fees or government taxes. Those specific charges are calculated separately during the final settlement.
Where can someone check live updates of commodity price?
Live updates are available on official exchange websites like MCX or through registered platforms like Pocketful

August 18, 2026

Stock Broker vs Sub-Broker: Key Differences

Stepping into the financial markets requires proper guidance and simple tools to explore various assets. Every investor relies on a trusted system to connect with the dynamic trading floors. Selecting a reliable path to buy and sell shares is crucial for a smooth financial journey. Market participants often hear multiple names for the professionals who handle these trades. Understanding these distinct roles helps individuals make informed decisions. This clarity ensures a secure and efficient investment experience for everyone.

What Is the Meaning of a Stock Broker

A stock broker is a registered corporate member of a recognized stock exchange. These institutions act as the main gateway between retail investors and the financial markets. The Securities and Exchange Board of India firmly regulates their daily operations to maintain market integrity.

A stock broker provides the actual digital trading platform where individuals can buy and sell shares. Pocketful is a prime example of a modern and reliable SEBI registered stock broker. It offers a seamless trading application designed for all types of market participants.

What Is the Meaning of a Sub-Broker

Sub Broker, also an authorised person is an individual or a firm appointed by a main stock broker. They work as an agent to help the broker reach more clients across different geographical locations. Historically, these individuals were widely known in the financial market as sub brokers.

The financial regulator SEBI issued a major circular in 2018 to discontinue the sub broker category. SEBI noticed there was no real difference in the daily work of a sub broker and an authorised person. Therefore, SEBI directed all existing sub brokers to migrate to the authorised person model to simplify the rules.

Today, the term sub broker has no legal standing in the Indian stock market. The term authorised person is the official replacement used by the regulator and the stock exchanges. Authorised persons do not need direct registration with SEBI to run their business.

Difference Between Stock Broker And Sub-Broker

Understanding the variations between these two roles helps investors choose the right contact point. The table below highlights the core differences simply and clearly.

Feature	Stock Broker	Sub-Broker / Authorised Person
Meaning	A registered member of the stock exchange who executes trades.	An agent appointed by the stock broker to expand business and assist clients.
Registration	Requires direct registration with SEBI and the stock exchanges.	Requires approval from the stock exchange through the stock broker.
Capital Requirement	Needs a very high amount of capital to set up the brokerage firm.	Needs a low initial investment to start the agency business.
Client Funds	Directly collects and holds funds and securities of the clients.	Cannot accept client funds or securities in their own name.
Brokerage Generation	Charges brokerage fees directly from the investors for trade execution.	Earns a percentage of the brokerage fee as a commission from the broker.

Importance of Stock Broker

Stock brokers act as the foundational pillars of the financial markets. They bring massive value to the investing ecosystem in several distinct ways.

Direct Market Access: A stock broker provides the essential link to the stock exchanges. Individuals cannot buy or sell shares without this direct access to the trading floor. The broker systems connect retail orders to the main exchange servers in milliseconds.
Secure Trading Environment: SEBI registered brokers create a highly safe space for investing. They follow strict rules to prevent fraud and protect financial assets. The regulator regularly audits these brokers to maintain complete transparency.
Advanced Technology: Brokers build sophisticated trading platforms for smooth trade execution. Pocketful provides advanced charts, option chains, and fast execution speeds for active traders. This technology allows users to track their portfolios from anywhere.
Fund Safety: A broker ensures that the funds of clients remain totally secure. They completely separate their own corporate money from the money of the investors. This means the broker cannot use client money for their own business expenses.

Importance of Sub-Broker

An authorised person brings a localized and personal touch to the stock market. They add immense value for both the main broker and the retail investor.

Local Assistance: Authorised persons offer physical support in regional areas and smaller towns. This helps beginners who feel hesitant about purely online trading platforms. Having a local office builds comfort for people making their first investment.
Business Expansion: They act as the extended physical arm of the stock broker. This model helps brokers reach smaller cities without opening costly physical branches. The broker grows their network while the agent builds a profitable business.
Market Education: These agents educate local clients about various financial products. They explain the basics of shares, mutual funds, and derivative options. This basic education helps clients make better choices with their savings.
Quick Query Resolution: Clients can contact their local authorised person instantly for help. This provides a faster resolution for simple queries than calling a central customer care line. It creates a much smoother experience for active market participants.

Features of Stock Broker

The stock broker comes with a very distinct set of operational features. These features define their immense scale and ultimate market authority.

SEBI Registration: A stock broker must hold a direct license from the market regulator SEBI. This legal registration is mandatory to offer any trading or investment services in India. Operating without this license is strictly illegal.
Exchange Membership: They hold official membership with major national stock exchanges. This includes direct memberships with the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange. This membership gives them the authority to place orders on the exchange.
Technology Ownership: Brokers develop or lease heavy trading infrastructure for their users. Applications like Pocketful are built by the brokers to handle high volumes of trades daily. They spend heavily on server speed and data security.
Ultimate Liability: The broker is ultimately responsible for the actions of its authorised persons. SEBI rules clearly make the broker liable for any misconduct by their appointed agents. This gives investors a strong sense of safety.
Direct Fee Collection: Brokers have the exclusive authority to charge brokerage directly. They deduct this fee automatically from the trading account of the client. They are responsible for calculating all taxes and exchange charges accurately.
Document Generation: Only the registered broker can issue official contract notes. They also generate margin statements, tax reports, and annual statements. The authorised person relies entirely on the broker for these documents.

Read Also: How to Start a Sub Broker Business

Features of Sub-Broker

The features of an authorised person revolve around client service and business networking. They act as a helpful bridge without holding direct financial control.

Exchange Approval: They do not need direct SEBI registration to start working. However, they must obtain approval from the stock exchange through their parent broker. This ensures they meet the basic background checks.
Agent Status: An authorised person works strictly as an agent for the broker. They cannot operate independently outside the umbrella of their registered stock broker. They also cannot work with multiple brokers in the same segment.
Commission Income: Their primary source of revenue is a transparent revenue sharing model. Brokers like Pocketful offer excellent revenue sharing payouts based on the trading volume of clients. As their clients trade more, the agent earns more.
No Fund Handling: They are strictly prohibited from receiving client money directly. Investors must transfer funds only to the official bank accounts of the stock broker. This is a critical feature that prevents local financial scams.

Stock Broker vs Sub-Broker: Which Should You Choose?

Factor	Stock Broker	Sub-Broker / Authorised Person
Best for	Independent investors and traders who prefer managing their own trades	Investors who prefer personalised assistance and support
Account Opening	Open and manage the account directly with the broker	The Authorised Person can assist with account-opening processes
Technology	Direct access to trading platforms, charts, screeners and advanced tools	Helps clients understand and use the broker’s trading platform
Trading Style	Self-directed trading through online platforms	Trading with guidance and support from a local representative
Support	Primarily digital or customer-service-based support	More personalised, often including one-to-one assistance
Cost	Brokerage and other charges depend on the broker and plan selected	Costs may depend on the broker’s pricing structure and applicable arrangements

Conclusion

Both stock brokers and authorised persons serve vital roles in the financial ecosystem. The stock broker builds the core technology and regulatory framework required for secure market access. The authorised person creates local awareness and offers personalised support to regional investors.

They work together as a seamless team to simplify wealth creation for everyone. With transparent systems and dedicated assistance, individuals can navigate the markets securely.

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1	How to Become a Sub Broker in India
2	SEBI Rules for Authorised Person Registration
3	What Happens If a Stockbroker Shuts Down?
4	Can an Authorised Person Trade for Himself? Rules Explained
5	Remisier vs Authorized Person (AP): Key Differences

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of a stock broker?
A stock broker is a registered member of a recognized stock exchange. They provide the digital platform required to buy and sell shares safely.
What is the meaning of a sub broker?
A sub broker was an agent who helped stock brokers find local clients. SEBI officially changed this title to authorised person in the year 2018.
What are the main benefits of a stock broker?
Brokers provide direct market access and highly secure trading platforms. They also ensure strict safety rules are followed for investor funds.
What are the main benefits of an authorised person?
They offer physical support and guide beginners through complex financial concepts. They simplify the digital account opening process for local clients.
How to use these financial services easily?
Investors can open a free demat account online with a broker like Pocketful. They can also approach a local authorised person for basic physical assistance

August 18, 2026

What Is Blue Chip Funds?

Investing in individual blue-chip stocks requires a large sum of money; alternatively, it carries high risk. Now you can also invest in a basket of blue-chip companies through a single investment, along with professional management, through Blue-chip Funds.

In today’s blog post, we will give you an overview of blue-chip funds along with the list of best blue-chip funds.

What are Blue-Chip Funds?

A blue-chip fund is a category of equity-oriented mutual fund that primarily invests investors’ money in large-cap companies, as measured by market capitalisation. This categorisation of mutual funds is defined by SEBI. These large-cap stocks are the top 100 stocks listed on the stock exchange based on market capitalisation. The large-cap fund invests at least 80% of its fund into large-cap stocks. The stocks in blue-chip funds are from different sectors such as banking, IT, pharma, etc. This fund is suitable for investors who seek long-term growth in the portfolio along with moderate risk.

Key Features of Blue-Chip Funds

The key features of blue-chip funds are as follows:

Investment in Large Cap Stocks: The blue-chip fund primarily invests your money in the biggest listed companies based on market capitalisation.
Diversification: The fund manager diversifies the fund across different large-cap companies. That reduces the portfolio concentration risk, allowing a user to have a diversified portfolio.
Professional Fund Management: The amount invested in blue-chip funds is managed by the professional fund manager, who has an expert research team.
No Guaranteed Returns: The returns from the investment in blue-chip funds are not guaranteed and are dependent on the market.

Best Blue-Chip Funds

ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund
SBI Large Cap Fund
Nippon India Large Cap Fund
HDFC Large Cap Fund
Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund

Funds	Net Assets (Cr)	1 Yr Ret (%)	3 Yr Ret (%)	5 Yr Ret (%)	Base Expense Ratio (%)	Exit Load (Period)
ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund	80,960	1.16	12.68	12.66	1.13	1.00 (30)
SBI Large Cap Fund	55,431	4.47	10.50	10.56	1.21	0.25 (30)
Nippon India Large Cap Fund	54,225	2.01	12.50	14.69	1.22	1.00 (7)
HDFC Large Cap Fund – Regular Plan	40,198	2.58	10.77	12.40	1.29	1.00 (365)
Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund – Regular Plan	38,729	2.95	9.71	9.13	1.30	1.00 (365)

(Fig as of 12th Aug 2026)

Overview of Best Blue-Chip Funds

The overview of the best blue-chip funds is as follows:

ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund: It was introduced by ICICI AMC in 2008. This is an open-ended scheme which mainly invests in large-cap stocks. Earlier, it was called ICICI Prudential Bluechip Fund and in the year 2025 it was renamed as ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund. The fund’s approach is to hold large-cap stocks with a long-term view.
SBI Large Cap Fund: The fund was launched in 2006 by SBI Asset Management Company and is an open-ended fund in which an investor can invest and withdraw anytime. The primary aim of the fund is to generate long-term capital appreciation and primarily invests in large-cap companies. Investment in this fund gives an investor exposure to established companies listed on the stock exchange.
Nippon India Large Cap Fund: This is a fund offered by Nippon AMC which was launched in the year 2007. The investment strategy is diversified and provides exposure to the largest companies. An active fund manager takes active measures to perform best relative to the benchmark. This fund is for an investor with a long term investment period.
HDFC Large Cap Fund: This is one of the oldest funds in the blue-chip category. The fund was launched in 1996, and since its launch, the fund has gone through various market cycles. It has consistently posted market-beating returns. The fund aims to participate in the long-term growth of large-cap companies.
Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund: It is an open-ended scheme which was launched in 2008 and invests in the large cap segment of the stock market. The fund manager’s emphasis is on finding opportunities within existing large cap stocks. The fund was earlier named Mirae Asset India Equity Fund and it was renamed to Mirae Asset Large Cap Fund in 2019.

Read Also: Top 10 Blue Chip Stocks in India

Benefits of Investing in Blue-Chip Funds

The key benefits of investing in blue-chip funds are as follows:

Lower Volatility: Investment in blue-chip funds comes with lower volatility than mid and small cap funds. Because it invests in established companies.
Different Sectors: The portfolio of blue-chip funds contains stocks from different sectors such as banking, IT, pharma, etc.
Liquidity: Blue-chip funds come with higher liquidity as large-cap stocks are actively traded by traders. Therefore, this fund provides better liquidity than small-cap funds.
Long-Term Wealth Creation: The key objective of the blue-chip fund is to create wealth in the long-run. This fund is opted by investors having an investor horizon of more than 5 years.

Risk of Investing in Blue-Chip Funds

The key risk of investing in blue-chip funds is as follows:

Market Risk: This is the key risk that comes while investing in blue-chip funds. When the overall market falls, the NAV of this fund also declines.
Sector Risk: As the fund carries stocks belonging to different sectors. Any significant downfall in any particular sector can impact the performance of blue-chip funds.
Performance Risk: The returns of this fund are dependent on the performance of the fund manager. If the fund manager fails to select the stocks that can perform better, the overall performance of the fund may fall.
Exit Load: Certain funds come with an exit load, which means if an investor withdraws money before a stipulated time period, the fund may charge an exit load on it.

Who Should Invest in Blue-Chip Funds?

These funds are best for investors who wish to invest in the long-term growth of well-established companies with a solid financial background. Investors who have a long-term investment horizon with a moderate risk profile can opt for investing in blue-chip funds. Investors, however, should not invest in these funds if they are looking for a fund that provides stable returns. as blue-chip funds can be volatile during market downturns.

How to Invest in Blue-Chip Funds?

To invest in blue-chip funds, one can follow the steps mentioned below:

Visit Pocketful Website: The first step towards investment in a blue-chip fund is to visit the website of Pocketful. After which you are required to open a demat account by completing your KYC. The process will only take 5 min.
Look for the Mutual Fund Section: After login into your mobile application, there is a section known as invest in Mutual Fund. You can explore the blue-chip funds there.
Fund Selection: There will be a list of blue-chip funds in which you can invest. However, scheme selection should be based on various parameters such as its performance, etc.
Choose Investing Mode: Once you identify the fund in which you want to invest, the next step will be choosing the mode of investment. As there are two modes of investment, SIP and lump sum, you can identify one based on your need.
Monitor: Regular and periodic monitoring of the portfolio is necessary so that the underperforming funds can be removed from the portfolio.

Conclusion

On a concluding note, blue-chip funds are a suitable option for investors who want to invest in the top 100 companies of India. Investing in these stocks individually requires a large sum of money. Then come the blue-chip funds offered by various asset management companies, in which the fund manager identifies the stocks from the top 100 companies of India. However, investment in these stocks does not mean that you get guaranteed returns. However, before making any investment in blue-chip company, it is advisable to consult your investment advisor and evaluate your risk profile.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are Blue-chip fund?
It is a category of mutual fund that primarily invests 80% of its capital in shares of large-cap companies. These are the top 100 companies listed on the Indian stock exchange based on market capitalisation.
What is the ideal investment duration for a blue-chip fund?
These funds are generally suitable for investors with a longer investment horizon of more than 5 years.
Do we need a demat and trading account to invest in blue-chip funds?
No, it is not essential to have a demat and trading account to invest in blue-chip funds. One can opt for investing in blue-chip funds in SOA form.
How do blue-chip funds and blue-chip stocks differ from each other?
Blue-chip stocks are the individual stocks of a company commonly known as large-cap. On the other hand, blue-chip funds are a pool of large-cap shares.
What affects the performance of a blue-chip fund?
The key factors that affect the performance of a blue-chip fund are market movement, earnings of companies, economic conditions, etc.

August 17, 2026

Blog

What is an ADR?

Full List of Indian ADR Stocks Listed in the US

1. Infosys Ltd. (INFY)

2. Wipro Ltd. (WIT)

3. ICICI Bank Ltd. (IBN)

4. HDFC Bank Ltd. (HDB)

5. Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (RDY)

6. Yatra Online (YTRA)

Which Indian ADRs Have Been Delisted?

Can Indian Investors Buy ADR Stocks?

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of an ADR?

What are the main benefits of these investments?

How do investors use these instruments?

Do these specific investments pay regular dividends?

Are there additional costs to use them?

What is Pair Trading

Example of Pair Trading

How to Pick Right Stocks in Pair Trading

How to Perform Pair Trade

Advantage of Pair Trading

Limitation of Pair Trading

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of pair trading strategy?

What are the main benefits of pair trading?

How do participants use pair trading?

What is a correlation coefficient?

Can this strategy fail?

What Is a Dividend Reinvestment Plan?

Key Features of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Why Do Investors Choose Dividend Reinvestment?

How Does a Dividend Reinvestment Plan Work?

Working of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Example of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

Types of Dividend Reinvestment Plans

1. Company-Sponsored Dividend Reinvestment Plans

2. Broker-Sponsored Dividend Reinvestment Plans

3. IDCW Reinvestment in Mutual Funds

4. Optional Dividend Reinvestment

Factors That Influence Dividend Reinvestment

Common Misconceptions About Dividend Reinvestment

Who Should Choose a Dividend Reinvestment Plan?

Things to Consider Before Choosing a Dividend Reinvestment Plan

How to Invest Through Pocketful

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is a dividend reinvestment plan?

Is a dividend reinvestment plan better than receiving cash dividends?

Is the dividend taxable under a dividend reinvestment plan?

Can I switch from dividend reinvestment to cash payouts?

Who should opt for a dividend reinvestment plan?

Who Is an Authorised Person in the Stock Market?

What Is an Authorised Person Agreement?

What does an Authorised Person Agreement include?

Rights of an Authorised Person Under the Agreement

Benefits of Being an Authorised Person

Authorised Person Rights and Responsibilities: Understanding the Difference

Code of Conduct for an Authorised Person

What Should You Check Before Signing an Authorised Person Agreement?

Terminating an Authorised Person Agreement

When can the agreement be terminated?

What is the termination process?

What should be kept in mind after termination?

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is an Authorised Person Agreement?

What are the rights of an Authorised Person?

What are the benefits of becoming an Authorised Person?

What is the Code of Conduct for an Authorised Person?

Can an Authorised Person charge clients directly?

What is a Discount Broker

What is a Full-service Broker

Difference between a discount broker vs. full-service broker

Discount brokers or full-service brokers and which to choose

Factors to consider before choosing stock broker

Brokerage and Statutory Charges

Trading Platform Technology