Blog

What is Annualised Returns in Mutual Funds?

When you start investing in mutual funds, one of the first things you come across is “returns.” And very quickly, another term follows, annualised returns.

At first glance, it sounds technical. But once you understand it, it becomes one of the most useful ways to compare your investments.

In this blog, let us break it down in a simple way so you can actually use it while making investment decisions.

Understanding Mutual Fund & Returns

A mutual fund is basically a pool of money collected from many investors, which is then invested in different asset classes like stocks, bonds, gold, etc. This money is managed by a professional fund manager.

These investments then give you returns, which further earn returns, so that your money grows over time.

Before jumping into annualised returns, let us quickly understand what “returns” mean.

Returns are simply the profit or loss you earn from your investment. For example, you invest ₹1 lakh, and after 2 years, it becomes ₹1.44 lakh

Your total return is ₹44,000 or 44%.

Now here is the catch: this 44% does not tell you how fast your money grew each year. That is where annualised returns come in.

What are Annualised Returns

Annualised returns tell you the average yearly return your investment has generated over a period of time.

Instead of looking at total growth, it converts the return into a per-year growth rate, assuming the investment grew at a steady pace.

Let us understand the concept with a simple example;

Investment: ₹1,00,000
Value after 2 years: ₹1,44,000
Total Return: 44%

Now, the annualised return will tell you the average yearly growth rate. In this case, it is approximately 20% per year, not 22% (which many people assume by dividing 44% by 2).

Annualised returns consider compounding, which means the investment amount earns returns in the first year, and also earns returns in the second year

So, your money grows on both your original investment and your past gains. That is why simply dividing the total return by the years gives an incorrect picture.

Importance of Annualised Returns

1. Helps Compare Different Investments

Let us say fund A gave 50% return in 5 years, and fund B gave 30% return in 3 years. How will you decide which one is better?

At first glance, Fund A looks better. But when you annualise:

Fund A gives 8.4% per year
Fund B gives 9.1% per year

Now the picture changes, since annualised returns allow you to compare investments fairly, even if the time periods are different.

2. Shows the True Picture

Total returns can sometimes be misleading. For example,60% return over 10 years sounds good, but when annualised, it is only about 4.8% per year, which is barely beating inflation. Annualised returns help you understand the real earning power of your investment.

3. Useful for Long-term Planning

If you are investing for goals like:

Retirement
Buying a house
Children’s education

You need to know how your money grows year by year, not just overall. Annualised returns help you estimate whether you are on track or do you need to work on your investments.

Annualised Returns vs. Absolute Returns

This is where many investors get confused.

Absolute returns show total gains or losses, and are considered best for short-term investments (less than 1 year). For example, you invest ₹1 lakh, and it becomes ₹1.1 lakh in 6 months. This is 10% absolute return.

Formula for Annualised Returns

AR = (Final Value / Initial Investment)^1/n – 1

Where,

Final value = Value of your investment at the end

Initial Investment = Amount you invested

n = number of years

Example

Let us understand this with an example:

Suppose you invested ₹100,000, and after 3 years it became ₹172,800

If we apply the above formula:

₹172,800 / ₹100,000 = 1.728

We know that n = 3

Now, Annualised Return will be (1.728)^⅓ – 1, which is equal to 20%

Therefore, your investment grew at an average rate of 20% per year, not 72.8%.

Where to Check Annulised Returns

1. Use Investment Apps or Platforms

If you are using apps to invest in Mutual Funds, you will find annualised returns in the app itself. Platforms like Pocketful, Groww, Zerodha Coin, etc. make it very easy.

You just need to

Open an account with the Pocketful app
Search for the mutual fund
Open the fund details, and look for returns. You will see numbers like: 1-year return, 3-year return, 5-year return

2. Check the Fund House Website

You can also go directly to the mutual fund company’s website.

For example:

HDFC Mutual Fund
ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund
SBI Mutual Fund

On the fund page, look for a section called “Performance”.

3. Use Financial Websites for Comparison

If you want to compare multiple funds, websites are very helpful. You can check: Value Research, Morningstar, Moneycontrol

Using these websites, you can compare funds side by side and see long-term annualised returns.

Things to Keep in Mind

1. Always Compare Similar Funds

Make sure you are comparing the same type of funds. For example:

Large-cap vs large-cap
Mid-cap vs mid-cap
Debt vs debt

Comparing a debt fund with an equity fund does not make sense because the risk levels are completely different.

2. Do not look at Just One Number

Annualised return is important, but it should not be the only thing you check. Also, look at consistency over time, riskometer, and expense ratio. A fund giving a steady 11% is often better than one jumping between 20% and -10%.

3. Try to interpret what you are seeing

Keep this simple rule in mind: 1-year return is absolute, and 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year returns are annualised. So do not compare the 1-year return of one fund with the 5-year return of another. This won’t give you the right picture.

Conclusion

At the end of the day, annualised returns help you cut through the noise. Instead of getting impressed by big total returns, you get to see how efficiently your money has actually grown over time.

It brings a sense of clarity. You can compare funds better, set more practical expectations, and avoid getting carried away by short-term performance.

But always remember to look at consistency, risk, and whether the investment fits your goals. Use it to stay informed, but combine it with logic and long-term thinking. For more market insights and learning, download Pocketful – offering zero brokerage on delivery, mutual funds, and IPOs through an easy-to-use platform.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	What Is An IPO Mutual Fund? Should You Invest?
2	Mutual Fund Taxation – How Mutual Funds Are Taxed?
3	Is Your Mutual Fund Investment Safe?
4	What is an Open-Ended Mutual Fund & How to Invest in it?
5	Mutual Fund Factsheet: Definition And Importance
6	How Interest Rates Impact Mutual Funds in India
7	Active or Passive Mutual Funds: Which Is Better?
8	Mutual Fund vs PMS: Which is Better?
9	What is Fund of Funds (FOF)?
10	Best Passive Mutual Funds in India

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is annualised return the same as CAGR?
Yes, both mean the same thing in most cases.
When should I use annualised returns?
Use annualised returns when your investment period is more than one year.
Can annualised returns be negative?
Yes, if your investment loses money over time.
Do mutual fund apps show annualised returns?
Yes, most apps and websites show it clearly.
Is a higher annualised return always better?
Not always. You should also look at risk and consistency.

May 9, 2026

What is Trail Commission in Mutual Funds?

When you buy a regular mutual fund, you do not pay a direct fee to the person selling it to you. Instead, the mutual fund company pays them a fee behind the scenes. This specific fee is known as a trail commission in mutual fund investing.

We see many people looking for reliable ways to grow their wealth today. To do this properly, it is very important to understand the costs involved in your investments. Many new distributors look at structures like the nj wealth mutual fund distributor commission to understand how they can build a long-term business. This structure shows how earnings can grow steadily over the years.

So, you might ask, what is trail commission in mutual fund exactly?. It is not a one-time payment. It is a continuous payment that acts as a reward for the ongoing service the agent provides to you. In this blog, we will explain everything about trail commission.

Meaning of trail commission in mutual fund

To truly grasp this concept, we need to look at how mutual fund distributors are paid. A trail commission is an ongoing payment made by the Asset Management Company (AMC) to the distributor. This payment continues every year until you decide to sell your investment. It is basically a small percentage of your total invested capital.

You might be wondering if this money is deducted directly from your bank account. The answer is no. This commission is built into the mutual fund’s Total Expense Ratio (TER). The TER covers all the costs of running the fund, and a small part of it is set aside to pay the distributor.

Years ago, agents received a big upfront commission as soon as you invested. However, the rules changed to protect investors. SEBI banned upfront commissions, and now the industry runs almost entirely on the trail model.

Below is a simple comparison to help you understand the difference between the two types of commissions.

Feature	Trail Commission	Upfront Commission (Now Banned)
Meaning	A continuous payment is made as long as the investment is held.	A one-time lump sum paid at the very beginning.
Payment Timing	Calculated daily and paid monthly or quarterly.	Paid instantly when the investment is made.
Cost Location	Embedded inside the fund’s Total Expense Ratio.	Not included in the ongoing fund expenses.
Regulatory Status	Actively encouraged and allowed by SEBI.	Banned by SEBI to prevent mis-selling.

Who Receives Trailing Commissions?

Let us clear up a very common doubt. Who actually gets this money, and who is paying it. The person who receives the trailing commission is your mutual fund distributor or agent. They earn this reward for helping you set up your account and guiding you over the years.

But here is the interesting part. You do not pay them directly from your bank account. The Asset Management Company, or AMC, pays this fee. The AMC takes a tiny portion from the fund’s Total Expense Ratio to pay the agent. So, the fee is handled behind the scenes.

How to Calculate Trail Commission?

You might be curious to know how this fee is figured out. It is very transparent. The mutual fund industry uses a standard trail commission formula. The calculation happens every single day because the value of your mutual fund changes daily. Here is the simple formula: (Total Units Held x Current Daily NAV x Annual Commission Rate) divided by 365.

Let us look at a quick example. if,

Amount invested: Rs 1,00,000

Agent Commision: 0.75%

Period: 365 Days

Annual Commision = Rs 750

The company adds up these daily amounts and pays the distributor at the end of the month or quarter. It is a small daily amount that grows organically as your wealth grows.

Use of trail commission in mutual fund

You might wonder why mutual fund companies use this specific payment system. Asset Management Companies use trail commissions primarily to acquire and retain retail investors. Mutual fund companies know how to manage money, but they need local distributors to reach investors in different cities. By paying a recurring fee, the company gives the distributor a strong reason to keep the client invested for the long term.

The commission rates vary widely depending on the type of fund you choose.Below is a table showing the current average commission ranges based on the fund category.

Mutual Fund Category	Typical Annual Trail Commission Range	Reason for the Rate
Equity Funds	0.80% to 1.50%	Higher risk requires more client guidance and behavioral coaching.
Hybrid Funds	0.60% to 1.10%	Moderate risk profile combining both equity and debt assets.
Debt & Liquid Funds	0.05% to 0.50%	Low risk and highly stable, requiring minimal advisory effort.
Index / Passive Funds	0.15% to 0.30%	Funds simply track the market index, requiring very little management.

Advantage of trail commission in mutual fund

The trail commission model brings several wonderful benefits to both investors and distributors. By focusing on long-term relationships instead of quick sales, this system creates a healthier financial environment. Let us explore the main advantages.

For the distributor,

Passive Income Generation: Distributors do not have to hunt for new sales every single day to survive.
The Power of Compounding: As the stock market naturally goes up over time, the total value of the clients’ money goes up. This means the distributor’s income increases automatically without any extra work.
Low Setup Costs: Starting this business requires almost zero inventory and very little office space. You just need good knowledge and a phone.
Unlimited Growth: If an agent adds just two new clients every month with a Rs 10,000 SIP, they can eventually build a massive income of over Rs 30 lakhs annually.

For the investor,

Behavioral Coaching: Your distributor acts as a coach, advising you to stay calm and stay invested during market falls.
Alignment of Interests: Because the agent’s income is based on your total fund value, their income drops if you lose money. They are highly motivated to pick good funds so your wealth grows.
Frictionless Payments: You never have to write a cheque to pay your advisor. The fee is handled automatically within the fund’s daily pricing.
Continuous Portfolio Reviews: Your advisor is paid to regularly check your investments and suggest changes if a fund stops performing well.

Read Also: Best Mid-Cap Mutual Funds in India

Disadvantage trail commission in mutual fund

While the system has many good points, it also has some serious drawbacks. It is important to look at the disadvantages for both investors and distributors to understand the complete picture.

For the distributor,

Market Volatility Risk: Since the commission is based on the total value of the funds, a sudden stock market crash will instantly reduce the distributor’s monthly income.
Regulatory Changes: Rules made by SEBI and AMFI change frequently. New rules often reduce the commission percentages, directly hurting the agent’s earnings.
Client Loss to Direct Platforms: Today, many investors prefer to manage their own money. Distributors face a tough challenge keeping clients from moving to modern direct investing apps.
Slow Initial Growth: It takes many years of hard work to build a large client base, and the income in the first few years is usually very low.

For the investor

loss of compounding: Because the commission is deducted daily, it slowly eats into your profits. Over a short period of one or two years, a 1% fee might look tiny. However, over a 20 or 25 year period, this tiny fee becomes a huge amount of lost money.
Loss of Returns: You earn less money compared to direct mutual funds because of the higher expense ratio.
Conflict of Interest: Some agents might suggest an equity fund over an index fund just because the equity fund pays them a higher commission.
Paying for No Service: Sometimes, an agent helps you open an account and then never calls you again. You still end up paying them a fee every year for zero help.

Fortunately, there is a very simple solution to avoid these disadvantages. You can choose to invest in “Direct Mutual Funds” instead of “Regular Mutual Funds.” Direct funds do not pay any trail commissions, which means their expense ratio is much lower. All the saved money stays in your account and grows for your future.

Conclusion

Understanding the costs behind your investments is the first step toward financial freedom. Trail commissions play a very important role in the Indian mutual fund industry. They give distributors a reason to guide you, support you, and keep you invested through the ups and downs of the market. For many people who need a financial coach, paying this small recurring fee is entirely worth it.

Whether you choose to work with a dedicated distributor or take the DIY route through a direct app, the most important thing is that you start investing. Stay patient, invest simply, and let compounding work for you – invest in mutual funds with Pocketful.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	Best Thematic Mutual Funds in India
2	Types of Mutual Funds in India
3	Best Long-Term Mutual Funds to Invest in India
4	Best SIP Mutual Funds in India
5	Debt Mutual Funds: Meaning, Types and Features
6	How to Check Mutual Fund Status with Folio Number?
7	Best Money Market Mutual Funds in India
8	Mutual Fund Fees & Charges in India
9	History of Mutual Funds in India
10	Best Performing Mutual Funds of the Last 10 Years

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of trail commission in mutual funds?
It is a recurring, ongoing fee paid by a mutual fund company to a distributor. It is paid as long as you keep your money invested in that specific regular mutual fund.
What are the benefits of paying a trail commission?
The main benefit is that you get continuous support from a financial advisor. They help you with paperwork and review your portfolio.
How to use the trail commission calculation formula?
The formula is very simple. You take the total units you hold, multiply it by the current daily NAV, multiply that by the annual commission percentage, and divide by 365.
Who actually pays this commission to the distributor?
The Asset Management Company (AMC) pays the distributor. However, the money ultimately comes from your investment.
How can you avoid paying trail commissions?
You can easily avoid this fee by investing in “Direct Mutual Funds” instead of “Regular Mutual Funds.”

May 9, 2026

Silver Intraday Trading Strategy

Silver has become a popular choice for intraday traders, mainly because it moves well during the day. And in trading, movement is what creates opportunity.

But intraday trading is not just about taking quick trades. It’s about understanding how the market behaves, when it is most active, and how to approach it with a clear plan.

In this blog, we will go through everything you need to know, like the best time to trade, what affects silver prices, simple strategies, and a few useful indicators.

Why you should Trade Silver Intraday?

Silver is one of those assets that moves a lot during the day. And for intraday traders, that movement is exactly what creates opportunities. But beyond just “price movement,” there are a few solid reasons why silver works well for intraday trading.

Prices Move Fast: Silver prices do not stay still. Even small global updates, like changes in the US dollar or interest rates, can push prices up or down quickly. For a trader, this means you do not have to wait for days. Good moves can come within hours.
You do not Need Very High Capital: With smaller contracts like Silver Mini and Silver Micro, you don’t need a huge amount of money to start. You can begin small and increase your position as you gain confidence.
Technical Levels Work Well: Silver respects basic technical concepts like support and resistance, breakouts, and trendlines, so even simple strategies can work if you follow them with discipline.
Global Events Create Good Opportunities: Big news events, like US inflation data or central bank decisions, often lead to strong moves in silver. These are the times when intraday traders usually find the best setups.

Factors Affecting Silver Prices

Movement of the US Dollar: Globally, silver is traded in US dollars. So, when the dollar gets stronger, silver prices usually fall. And when the dollar weakens, silver often goes up. It is a simple but very important relationship, and it affects the price of the metal.
Interest Rates and Inflation: Investors often consider silver as a way to protect against inflation. When inflation rises, silver can move up, and when interest rates go up, silver can slow down. This happens because higher interest rates make other investments more attractive.
Industrial Demand: The white metal is also used in industries such as electronics, automotive, energy, etc. So when demand from these sectors increases, silver prices can move higher.
Demand and Supply: Eventually, it still comes down to demand and supply. If more people want to buy silver and the supply is limited, prices go up. If demand is weak or supply is high, prices can fall.
Rupee vs Dollar: If you are trading in India, the rupee also matters. Silver can become more expensive because of a weak rupee, and on the contrary, a strong rupee will cause silver prices to come down. So even if global prices stay the same, local prices can still change.

Read Also: Silver Trading on MCX

Best Time for Silver Intraday Trading

Silver is traded on MCX (Multi-Commodity Exchange).

The market opens at 9:00 AM & closes at 11:30 PM most of the year. However, these hours are extended to 11:55 PM during daylight saving time in the US.

Daylight Saving Time is a system where clocks are adjusted to make better use of daylight during the year. Clocks are moved forward by 1 hour in summer, and clocks are moved back by 1 hour in winter.

If you want to trade silver, you need to focus on the right time.

1. Morning (9:00 AM to 12:00 PM): This is when the MCX opens.

The market is usually slow
Price moves are limited
Not many strong trends

This time is better for watching the market and marking key levels rather than taking big trades

2. Afternoon (12:00 PM to 5:00 PM): You can take trades here, but opportunities are usually limited.

3. Evening (5:00 PM to 11:30 PM): This is the most important time for silver trading.

Global markets like London and the US are active
Volume increases
Price moves become faster and clearer

This is when most traders prefer to trade because the market gives better opportunities.

Silver Intraday Trading Strategies

1. Breakout Strategy

This is one of the easiest strategies to understand. First, mark a range or what we call as resistance and support in technical language, like the high and low of the morning. If the price breaks out of that range, it will most likely continue in the same direction.

Buy when the price breaks above the high
Sell when it breaks below the low
Keep a stop-loss just inside the range

2. Moving Average Strategy

MA strategy helps you stay with the trend. You can use something simple like 9 EMA and 21 EMA.

If the shorter average, i.e., 9 EMA, moves above the longer one, i.e., 12 EMA, it suggests an uptrend
If it moves below, it suggests a downtrend.

3. VWAP Strategy

VWAP is a very common intraday indicator. It stands for Volume-weighted average price.

If the price is above VWAP, the market is generally strong
If the price is below VWAP, the market is weak

Many traders usually buy near VWAP in an uptrend and sell near VWAP in a downtrend

4. News-Based Trading

Silver reacts quickly to global news, especially from the US. During events like inflation data or interest rate decisions, prices can move fast. But you have to be careful because movement is fast and trends can change very quickly.

Indicators That Work Best for Silver

1. RSI

RSI stands for Relative Strength Index and helps you understand if the market has moved too much in one direction.

If the RSI is above 70, it suggests the price of the commodity is in an overbought zone and is likely to correct from current levels.
Alternatively, if the RSI is below 30, it suggests that the price may be oversold, and there can be a possible rally from the current levels.

It is mainly used to avoid entering at extreme levels or to find possible reversals

2. MACD

MACD stands for Moving Average Convergence and Divergence, which helps you understand both trend and momentum.

When the MACD line crosses above the signal line, it suggests strength, and
When it crosses below, it suggests weakness

It works well when the market is moving in a clear direction.

3. Bollinger Bands

Bollinger Bands show how much the market is moving. There are usually 3 types of bands: the upper band, the middle band, and the lower band.

When prices move closer to the upper band, the asset may be overbought, and when prices move closer to the lower band, the silver may be oversold.

Price often reacts near the upper and lower bands, so they can act like temporary resistance and support.

4. Volume

Volume tells you how strong a move really is. High volume indicates a move is strong, and low volume means the move may not last longer.

For example, if a breakout happens with good volume, it has a better chance of continuing the ongoing uptrend.

Conclusion

Intraday trading in silver can offer opportunities, but it’s not all about trading. It’s about knowing the market, keeping the trading process simple and being smart with risk. If you trade at the right time and you are disciplined, silver can be a good choice for intraday trading. Invest in Silver Funds & trade Silver Options with advanced tools, enjoy zero brokerage on delivery and zero lifetime AMC with Pocketful.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is silver good for intraday trading?
Yes, silver moves well during the day, which makes it suitable for intraday trading.
What is the best time to trade silver?
The evening session, after 5 PM, when the global markets are also active, is usually the best time to trade.
How much money do I need to start?
You can start with smaller contracts, so you don’t need a very large amount.
Does news impact silver prices?
Yes, especially global news like US data. It can cause quick price movements.
What is a common mistake that most traders make?
Overtrading and not using a stop-loss are very common mistakes.

Gold Rate in Top Cities of India	Silver Rate in Top Cities of India
Gold rate in Ahmedabad	Silver rate in Ahmedabad
Gold rate in Ayodhya	Silver rate in Ayodhya
Gold rate in Bangalore	Silver rate in Bangalore
Gold rate in Bhubaneswar	Silver rate in Bhubaneswar
Gold rate in Chandigarh	Silver rate in Chandigarh
Gold rate in Chennai	Silver rate in Chennai
Gold rate in Coimbatore	Silver rate in Coimbatore
Gold rate in Delhi	Silver rate in Delhi
Gold rate in Hyderabad	Silver rate in Hyderabad
Gold rate in Jaipur	Silver rate in Jaipur

May 8, 2026

Supply and Demand Trading Strategy

When you look at a stock chart, it might feel like prices move randomly. But in reality, there is always a reason behind every rise and fall, and that reason is supply and demand.

At its core, the market is nothing but a battle between buyers and sellers. When buyers are stronger, prices go up. When sellers dominate, prices fall.

Supply and demand trading is about understanding this battle and using it to make better trading decisions.

What is Supply & Demand Trading?

Supply and demand trading is a price-action-based strategy where traders identify key areas on a chart where buying or selling pressure is strong.

Instead of relying heavily on indicators, this method focuses on how the price behaves.

Demand indicates that buyers are strong, and the prices will move up, whereas supply indicates that sellers are strong and prices will move down.

Importance of Demand and Supply in Trading

1. It Helps You Understand the Current trends

A lot of traders just look at charts and try to guess what will happen next. But if you focus on demand and supply, you stop guessing, and you start asking better questions like, “Are buyers stronger right now? Or are sellers in control?

2. It Makes Entry Points Easier

One of the hardest parts of trading is knowing when to enter. This is where demand and supply really help.

You start noticing certain areas where price reacted strongly before, because places where price shot up were a strong demand zone and conversely, places where price dropped, strong supply zone.

3. It Teaches You Patience

This is something most traders struggle with. People enter trades because they are getting bored or they have FOMO.

But when you follow demand and supply, you naturally become more patient. You wait for the price to come to your level. You do not chase it, which alone can improve your trading a lot.

4. It Improves Your Timing

Timing can make or break a trade. If you enter too early, you end up losing money. Enter too late, you miss the move

Demand and supply help you enter closer to where the move starts, which means less risk with better reward, and less stress.

What are Demand & Supply Zones

When you look at a stock chart, you will notice that the price does not just move randomly. It often reacts in certain areas again and again. Those areas are called demand and supply zones.

In simple words, these are spots on the chart where a lot of buying or selling happened earlier, which caused a strong move in price.

A demand zone is an area where buyers take control and push the price up quickly.

In this zone, you will usually see that the price moves slowly or sideways, and then suddenly shoots up. It matters because when the price comes back to that same area, buyers often step in again

A supply zone is the opposite. It is an area where sellers have become strong and pushed the price down fast.

In this zone, you will notice that the price moves up or sideways, then suddenly drops. That starting point of the fall becomes a supply zone.

When prices return there again, sellers may become active.

Example

Let us say a stock is around ₹300. It stays there for some time. Then suddenly jumps to ₹340.

That ₹300 area becomes a demand zone. Now, if the price comes back to ₹300 again, buyers will be active, and they might step in again from that level.

Supply & Demand vs. Support & Resistance

S. No	Basis	Supply & Demand	Support & Resistance
1	Basic Idea	Focuses on areas where strong buying or selling has happened	Focuses on price levels where the price has reacted before
2	Form	Zones (a range or area)	Lines (specific price levels)
3	Concept	Based on the imbalance between buyers and sellers	Based on past price reactions
4	Formation	Created by strong, sudden moves in price	Formed by repeated rejection at a level
5	Approach	More price-action based	Often used with technical analysis tools
6	Risk Management	Easier to place stop-loss beyond the zone	Stop-loss placed slightly above/below the line
7	Reliability	Often considered more dynamic and realistic	Can sometimes give false signals if too rigid

Supply & Demand Trading Strategy

1. Buying Strategy

Identify a strong demand zone
Wait for the price to return
Look for confirmation (like bullish candles)
Enter a buy trade
Place stop-loss below the zone.

2. Selling Strategy

Identify a strong supply zone
Wait for the price to revisit
Look for bearish confirmation
Enter a sell trade
Place a stop-loss above the zone

Risk Management in Supply & Demand Trading

1. Always Use a Stop-Loss

This is non-negotiable. When you take a trade based on a demand or supply zone, you should know where to place a stop loss. If you are buying at a demand zone, stop-loss below the zone, selling at a supply zone, stop-loss above the zone.

2. Risk Only a Small Amount Per Trade

Do not put a big chunk of your capital into one trade.

A simple rule many traders follow is to risk only 1-2% of their capital per trade. This way, even if a few trades go wrong, your overall capital stays safe.

3. Do not Trade Every Zone

Not every demand or supply zone is worth trading. Some zones are weak, some are already tested multiple times.

You can focus on fresh zones (not tested too many times), strong moves away from the zone, and zones that are aligned with the trend because quality matters more than quantity.

4. Wait for Confirmation

Do not blindly enter just because the price reached a zone. Wait for some sign of why buyers or sellers are stepping in. Look for

Strong rejection candle
Engulfing pattern
Momentum shift

This extra patience can save you from many bad trades.

Advantages of Supply and Demand Trading

Easy to Understand: Demand and supply trading does not involve the use of complex technical indicators. It mainly focuses on price action, which makes it a go-to strategy for traders.
Works in all markets: You can trade using the demand and supply zones in all types of markets, like equity, forex, and crypto, because the concept remains the same.
Helps you Trade with Market Logic: Instead of guessing, you are trading based on price behaviour and trying to follow the zones where buying and selling have already happened.

Read Also: What is Demand-Pull Inflation?

Disadvantages of Supply and Demand Trading

Zones can be subjective: Two traders might draw different zones on the same chart. There is no single perfect way to mark them. It completely depends on the traders’ perspective.
Not always accurate: Sometimes, price breaks a zone instead of reacting to it. No strategy works 100% of the time.
Can be misused by beginners: Beginners often do not have much of an idea about trading. They mark too many zones, enter without confirmation, and ignore trend direction.

Conclusion

When you start looking at charts in combination with demand and supply zones, things become a lot clearer. You are no longer just reacting to price movements. You begin to understand why those moves are happening and where they are likely to happen again.

Demand and supply zones help you focus on the areas that actually matter. They teach you to wait patiently, take better entries, and manage your risk more effectively.

But like any trading approach, this also takes practice. What matters is staying consistent, learning from your trades, and improving step by step.

In the long run, trading is less about being right every time and more about being disciplined. Stay patient, keep your trading simple, and let consistency grow your capital over time – start trading with Pocketful.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	What is Commodity Market in India?
2	What is Intraday Trading?
3	What is Options Trading?
4	What is Future Trading and How Does It Work?
5	Different Types of Trading in the Stock Market
6	What Is Leverage in the Stock Market?
7	Natural Gas Trading Guide: Price Factors, Risks & Strategy
8	What Is Day Trading and How to Start With It?
9	What is AI Trading?
10	Arbitrage Trading in India – How Does it Work and Strategies

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is supply and demand trading in simple terms?
It is a trading method where you buy at demand zones and sell at supply zones.
Is supply and demand trading better than indicators?
It depends, but many traders prefer it because it focuses on real price action.
Can beginners use this strategy?
Yes, but it requires practice and patience.
Does it work in intraday trading?
Yes, it works in intraday, swing, and positional trading.
What timeframe is best?
Higher timeframes (like daily) are more reliable.

May 8, 2026

Gold vs Silver Futures: Key Differences

When it comes to commodity trading, the first choice of investors is gold and silver futures contracts. Many of them consider it a similar investor option, but they behave in a very different manner. Both have different risk and reward ratios.

In today’s blog post, we will give you an overview of gold and silver futures, their key differences and which is better for traders in India.

What are Gold and Silver Future Contracts?

Gold and silver futures are financial contracts in which an investor agrees to buy or sell gold or silver on a future date at a predetermined price. These are standard contracts having specific units in each contract. They are generally traded on the Multi-Commodity Exchange or MCX. One gets the benefit of the price movement of these metals and gets the benefit of the margin trading facility.

Key Features of Gold and Silver Future Contracts

The key features of Gold and Silver future contracts are as follows:

Standard Contracts: Exchange has standardised the gold and futures contracts for trading. These contracts have a fixed lot size, defined expiry date, etc.
Traded on the Exchange: Gold and silver futures contracts are traded on the Multi-Commodity Exchange. It operates under a regulated environment, and the exchange ensures transparency, etc.
Margin Trading: Your broker allows you to trade in Gold and Silver futures contracts by paying only a small amount and taking advantage of the margin trading facility.
Physical Delivery: There is an option of physical delivery of gold and silver, as contracts can be settled via physical delivery, but retail traders generally square off their position before expiry.
Liquidity: Trading in both gold and silver contracts offers liquidity to an investor, as they are the most traded commodities in India. It allows investors to easily enter and exit a trade.

Difference between Gold and Silver Futures

The key differences between gold and silver futures are as follows:

Particulars	Gold Futures	Silver Futures
Volatility	Gold futures show low to moderate volatility.	The prices of silver are more volatile than those of gold.
Risk	Investment in gold futures has a moderate level of risk.	Due to sharp price movement, it carries a high risk.
Affordability	The contract value of the gold future is higher. Hence, it requires more capital.	Silver futures have a lower contract value, hence it is more affordable for an investor.
Margin Requirement	It requires a higher margin.	The silver future contract requires a lower margin than the gold future contract.
Traders	Long-term investors generally trade gold futures to hedge their position.	Silver futures contracts are often used by aggressive traders, those who want to take advantage of short-term price movements.
Reasons to change the price	The price of gold fluctuates because of external factors such as demand, inflation, interest rates, etc.	The silver future prices are impacted by industrial demand, economic growth, etc.

Benefits of Trading in Gold and Silver Future Contracts

The key benefits of trading in gold and silver futures contracts are as follows

Large Profits: Due to the margin trading facility, one can enter into large trades with a limited amount of capital, allowing them to make high profits.
Short Positions: Along with the buy position, one gets an advantage of shorting their position if the prices of these commodities fall.
Hedge against inflation: Gold is generally considered a hedge against inflation, whereas silver holds value over time. Traders use their futures contracts to protect against rising prices.
No Physical Storage: Traders and investors are not required to store gold and silver in physical form. Therefore, they do not need to worry about the storage, security, and purity of gold and silver.

Risk of Trading in Gold and Silver Future Contracts

The risk of trading in Gold and Silver futures contracts is as follows:

High Risk: Due to leverage trading in gold and silver futures, one can enter into a large contract value with a relatively small amount. On the other hand, even a small decrease in the price of gold and silver can amplify returns and lead to significant losses.
Margin Call: If the price of gold and silver falls significantly, the broker can issue a margin call, and if you fail to deposit the required margin, your broker can forcibly square off your position.
Global Market Risk: The prices of gold and silver are impacted by global events. Hence, the prices can change over time and can impact gold and silver prices. And it may open up a gap or a gap down.

How to invest in Gold and Silver Futures

To invest in gold and silver future one can follow the steps mentioned below:

Visiting the website of Pocketful: An investor is required to visit the website of Pocketful and click on the Open Demat Account tab.
Open a Demat Account: The next step is to open a lifetime free demat and trading account by providing basic details to complete your KYC.
Login: Once your demat account is opened successfully, you will need to log in to your mobile application using the login credentials provided to you by Pocketful.
Capital: You are required to add funds to your demat account to begin investing in gold and silver futures contracts.
Choosing the Contract: The contract in which you wish to invest should be selected by you it can be either a gold or a silver contract.
Buying a Future Contract: Once you choose the contract, you can purchase the future contract of gold and silver.

Which is better for the trader, Gold or Silver Futures

Gold and silver futures contracts have their own importance; the choice between them depends on the investor’s risk profile, investment objective, etc. Investors who prefer stability over returns can consider gold futures as an investment option, as their prices tend to move steadily and are impacted by factors such as interest rates and global economic conditions. Etc. Whereas, on the other hand, silver futures contracts are more suitable for traders looking for a higher return in a short period of time. Therefore, Gold future contracts are suitable for conservative investors, and silver future contracts are suitable for aggressive investors.

Read Also: Silver ETF vs Physical Silver

Conclusion

In conclusion, investing in gold and silver futures offers a unique opportunity to own precious metals. Gold futures can be used as a hedge against inflation and provide stability in one’s portfolio. On the other hand, silver futures contracts are highly volatile in nature and are suitable for aggressive investors who wish to make high returns in a short period of time. But there are various factors which can lead to a change in the prices of gold and silver, such as interest rates, demand, etc. Therefore, it is advisable to consult your investment advisor before making any investment in gold or a futures contract.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Among gold and silver futures, which is more volatile?
Silver futures contracts are more volatile than gold futures contracts. Silver prices tend to move faster than gold.
Why is silver more volatile than gold?
Silver is more volatile than gold because it is used as an investment option, along with this, it has an industrial usage, which can cause a price change.
Can I trade in gold and silver using the margin trading facility?
Yes, one can easily trade in gold and silver futures using the margin trading facility provided by your stockbroker.
Do gold and silver future contract requires same margin?
No, gold and silver futures contracts require different margins. Gold future contract generally requires higher margin, while, on the other hand, silver futures have a relatively lower margin.
What is rollover in a gold and silver futures contract?
Rollover in a gold and a futures contract refers to a process in which a trader closes their position of the current month and purchases the next month’s contract. This process needs to be completed before the expiry of the current month’s contract.

Gold Rate in Top Cities of India	Silver Rate in Top Cities of India
Gold rate in Ahmedabad	Silver rate in Ahmedabad
Gold rate in Ayodhya	Silver rate in Ayodhya
Gold rate in Bangalore	Silver rate in Bangalore
Gold rate in Bhubaneswar	Silver rate in Bhubaneswar
Gold rate in Chandigarh	Silver rate in Chandigarh
Gold rate in Chennai	Silver rate in Chennai
Gold rate in Coimbatore	Silver rate in Coimbatore
Gold rate in Delhi	Silver rate in Delhi
Gold rate in Hyderabad	Silver rate in Hyderabad
Gold rate in Jaipur	Silver rate in Jaipur

May 7, 2026

F&O Traders Losing Money in India: SEBI Data Reveals 90% Losses & Key Reasons

Many people think they can get rich quickly by trading in the stock market. However, the reality is very different. Recent data shows that FnO traders losing money India is a very big problem. For a long time, people thought this was just a myth. But now, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has shared real numbers. These numbers show that for almost everyone, trading in Futures and Options is not making them rich. Instead, it is costing them their hard-earned savings.

What Does SEBI Data Say About F&O Losses?

The SEBI report is an eye-opener for every small trader. It looked at the trading data of over 1 crore people between 2022 and 2024. The findings are quite scary. About 90 percent of these individual traders lost money.In just three years, these traders lost a total of Rs.1.81 lakh crore.

On average, a single trader lost about Rs.2 lakh, including all costs. Only a very small group of people, which is about 7 percent, made any profit. Even in that small group, only 1 percent of traders managed to earn more than Rs.1 lakh after paying all their fees. This means the chance of making big money is very low.

The Growth of Retail Participation in F&O

In the last few years, more and more people have started trading in F&O. This trend became very popular after the COVID-19 pandemic. Earlier, trading was mostly for experts, but now everyone wants to try it.

Surge in New Traders Post-COVID

Before 2020, there were not many retail traders in this segment. But since then, the number of individual traders has grown by over 120 percent. Today, there are more than 1 crore active participants. What is more surprising is that 72 percent of these traders are from small towns and cities.

Easy Access and the Quick Money Mindset

Modern trading apps have made it very easy to buy and sell options. Investing can be easily started with just a few taps on your smartphones. At the same time, social media influencers often show “easy profits,” which makes young people want to join in. Data shows that 43 percent of traders are now below the age of 30. Most of them have a “quick money” mindset and do not realize the risks involved.

Understanding Why 90% of Traders Lose Money

There are many reasons why small traders fail while big companies make a profit. It is not just about luck. The market is built in a way that gives a huge advantage to professionals.

Structural Disadvantages in the Market

Small traders are competing against large institutions and foreign funds. These big players have much better tools and more money.

Institutions vs. Retail Traders: Large firms have teams of experts who study the market all day. They have access to information that you might not see until it is too late.
Algorithmic Trading: In this big investors use different computer programs known as “algos” to trade. In the trading system about 97% of the foreign investor profits are generated using these automated systems.
Speed and Execution Gap: Professionals use very fast servers placed right inside the exchange. They can place trades in microseconds. Your mobile app or home internet is much slower, which means you often get a worse price.

The Impact of Leverage

Leverage means you can trade with more money than you actually have. This looks like a great opportunity to make profits but there are severe risks attached to it.

Leverage can amplify your losses even more than what you have invested. If the market goes in a different direction as per the plan, even a small movement can wipe out your entire capital. Many traders take positions that are too large for their small accounts. When they make a small mistake, it leads to a big loss that they cannot recover from.

Transaction Costs and Hidden Charges

Trading is not free. Every time you buy or sell, you pay various fees. These costs eat into your capital even if you are not making a profit.

Brokerage: This is the fee you pay to your broker for every order.
STT (Securities Transaction Tax): This is a government tax on every trade.
Exchange Fees and GST: Extra charges from the stock exchange and taxes on your fees.

Over three years, small traders collectively paid Rs.50,000 crore just in these costs. On average, a trader spends about Rs.26,000 every year just on fees. For many, these costs are more than their actual trading profit.

Psychological Reasons Behind Trader Losses

Our minds are not naturally built for trading. Emotions often make us take the wrong steps at the wrong time.

Overtrading and Addiction

The speed of F&O trading can feel like a game. Many people start trading too many times in a day. This is called overtrading. It leads to more stress and higher transaction costs. Some traders even treat it like an addiction and cannot stop even after losing money.

Fear and Greed Cycle

Greed makes you stay in a trade for too long, hoping for more profit. Fear makes you panic and sell when the market drops slightly. Retail traders often keep their losing trades for a long time, hoping the price will come back. But they sell their winning trades very quickly because they are afraid of losing the small profit.

Revenge Trading

When traders lose money, they often get angry. They try to “win back” their money immediately by taking even bigger risks. This is called revenge trading. Usually, this leads to even bigger losses because the trader is making decisions based on anger, not a plan.

Risk Management in F&O Trades

No Stop-Loss Discipline: A stop loss can help you save your hard earned money as by using it you can set a price limit and the moment the price hit is reached you are automatically exited from the trade. Most of the people use it when they start losing but it is something that needs to be done priorly.
Poor Position Sizing: Putting all your money in a single trade can wipe out your entire invested money as if the trade fails everything is lost in one go.
Ignoring Risk-Reward Ratio: You should plan and organize your trades according to the potential profit giving stocks rather than investing all your capital just to earn a small piece. As a little mistake can lead to uncontrolled losses.

Government’s Stricter Stance on F&O Trading

The jump in retail activity in derivatives has brought a clear issue into focus most individual traders are still losing money. Figures from the Securities and Exchange Board of India have led the government to adopt a more measured, structured stance. The priority now is to curb excessive speculation and help traders engage with stronger awareness and tighter risk management.

Key Measures Taken:

High Margin Requirements: Higher initial margin to avoid overleveraging and ensure that investors put enough money at stake.
Position Limitation: Limits on risk positions to minimize trading and mitigate potential losses.
Risk Disclosure: Compulsory disclosure of loss statistics to enhance awareness among investors.
Rationalized Expiry Structure: Adjustments in weekly contracts to curb short-term speculative trading activity.
Improved Market Surveillance: Closer monitoring of trading patterns to detect irregularities and maintain discipline.
Focus on Investor Education: Initiatives to help traders understand the complexity and risks involved in F&O trading.

Who Actually Makes Money in F&O?

If 90% of individuals are losing, who is winning? The F&O market is like a balance; if one side loses, the other side wins.

Proprietary traders and foreign institutions are the ones making most of the money. In just one year (FY24), these big players made about Rs.61,000 crore in profits. These are reliable as high speed technology is used along with strict rules. They do not let emotions like fear or greed affect their decisions. The system is designed to favor these professionals who have more resources and better tech.

Can You Be in the Profitable 10%?

It is very hard to be in the winning group, but it is not impossible. You must stop acting like a gambler and start acting like a professional.

What Successful Traders Do Differently

Those who make money consistently have very good habits. They do not trade every day. They only enter the market when they see a high-quality opportunity. They also keep a trading journal to learn from their mistakes and they stick to their rules no matter what.

Practical Tips to Avoid Losses

Protect Your Capital: Your first job is to make sure you do not lose all your money. If you stay in the game, you will have more chances to learn.
Leverage According to Risk: In trading one must only use the money they can lose as it is a risky place. A small amount of money shall be used in the start to understand and test your knowledge.
Build a System: Be always prepared and have clear rules with when to buy or when to sell. Rules shall not be changed in the middle of the trade.
Learn the Basics: Always learn theoretically first and then go for practical application in options trading.

Conclusion

The data from SEBI is very clear. F&O trading is extremely risky for individual retail participants. Most people are losing their savings because of high costs, lack of discipline, and the speed gap with institutions. However, the market is also a place for learning. Generally most of the investors do long-term investing as it helps in real wealth building. But before you start your trade you should always get proper knowledge and strict risk mitigation techniques.

For more market news and insights, download Pocketful – offering users zero brokerage on delivery trades and an easy to use platform designed for both beginners and experienced investors.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	SEBI F&O New Rules 2026: Key Changes, Impact & Guide
2	Difference Between Options and Futures
3	Physical Settlement in Futures and Options
4	What Is Leverage in the Stock Market?
5	Benefits of Online Trading

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Why do 90% of traders lose money?
The main reasons are high transaction costs, misuse of leverage, and emotional decision-making. Also, retail traders compete with big institutions that have much faster technology and better data.
What is SEBI’s new rule for 2024?
The minimum contract size has been increased by SEBI to Rs.15-20 Lakhs. The exchanges are also limited to only one weekly expiry so that there is less speculation.
How can I stay profitable in F&O?
Investors need to be disciplined, risk mitigation shall be top priority, stop-loss shall be used within time and you should never risk more than 1-2% of your capital in a single trade.
Are there any hidden costs in F&O trading?
Brokerage is paid to the broker, Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is levied, exchange transaction charges, GST, and SEBI fees are some of the additional charges applied.
Is F&O safe for beginners?
F&O is very complex and high-risk. Beginners should first learn about the cash market and long-term investing. It is recommended to spend a lot of time learning and practicing before putting real money into derivatives.

May 7, 2026

Principal Trading vs Agency Trading: Key Differences

Understanding the functioning of the financial market is essential before investing in stocks. The broker with whom you have a demat and trading account sometimes acts as a trader while sometime act as a simple broker. They are both known by the terms Principal Trading and Agency Trading.

In today’s blog post, we will give you an overview of principal trading and agency trading, along with their key differences.

What is Principal Trading?

Principal trading is a type of trading activity in which a financial institution, such as a brokerage firm, investment banker, etc., buys and sells securities itself rather than executing them on behalf of a client by using its own capital. In this manner, the firm itself becomes the buyer or seller and takes full ownership. The key objective of these organisations is to earn profit from price fluctuations by making a strategic market position.

Key Features of Principal Trading

The key features of principal trading are as follows:

Capital: In principal trading, the firm uses its own capital to buy and sell securities. The client’s funds are not in use.
Direct Ownership: In principal trading, the ownership of the stocks or securities remains with the firm.
Zero client involvement: There is no client involved in principal trading. The firms primarily trade for their own benefit.
High Risk: As the firm uses its own capital in trades, it involves high market risk. Any sharp fluctuation in price can significantly reduce the value of securities purchased by firms.

Example of Principal Trading

Let’s see a brokerage firm thinks that the share of a particular company is currently undervalued and is trading around 1000 INR per share. The firm introduces their own fund and purchased 100 shares using 1,00,000 INR capital. In this case, the firm takes the entire risk, and after a month, the price increased to 1200 INR per share. The firm will earn the entire profit.

What is Agency Trading?

Agency trading is a type of trading in which a financial institution, including a brokerage firm, executes trades on behalf of clients without using their funds. In agency trading, the firm acts as an agent between the buyers and sellers and does not take any ownership in the securities; instead, they charge a commission or brokerage for its services.

Key Features of Agency Trading

The key features of agency trading are as follows:

Client Fund: In agency trading, the client’s funds are used by the broker instead of the broker’s own funds.
No Ownership: The broker in agency trading does not own the security; the ownership remains with the client.
No Risk: As the broker’s funds are not used in agency trading, any profit or loss from the trade belongs to the client, and the broker faces zero risk.
Earning: The broker in agency mode of trading earns only the commission on every trade executed by the client.

Example of Agency Trading

Suppose a client of a firm wishes to invest in the shares of ABC Limited, which is trading at INR 100, and he wants to purchase 1000 shares. In agency trading, the client introduced funds and instructed their broker to purchase 1000 shares. For this transaction, the broker charges a commission. In this case, the broker is not trading for itself.

Difference Between Principal Trading and Agency Trading

The key difference between Principal Trading and Agency Trading is as follows:

Particulars	Principal Trading	Agency Trading
Importance of Broker	In principal trading, the broker acts as a trader.	In this type of trade, the broker acts as a middleman.
Fund	The firm uses its own money in principal trading.	In agency trading, the firm does not use its own capital; instead, they use client’s money.
Owner of Security	The firm owns the security in principal trading.	In agency trades, the securities are owned by the client.
Revenue of the Firm	In principal trading, the firm earns a profit on the trades executed by them; this acts as their major revenue source.	The key source of revenue in agency trading is the commission or brokerage paid by the client on every trade.
Objective	The key objective of the principal trade is to earn profit for the firm.	In agency trade, the firm only executes the trades on behalf of clients.
Conflict of Interest	There are high chances of conflict of interest in principal trade.	There are minimal chances of conflict of interest.
Decision Making	The power to take decision lies with the firm itself.	The client can make all the decisions in agency trading.
Involvement of Client	The clients have zero involvement in principal trading.	The agency trading is fully driven by the clients.

Which One is Better: Principal Trading and Agency Trading

Choosing between principal trading and agency trading depends on the choice of the firm and how they want to earn its revenues. If the firm is looking to earn higher returns by taking high risk, then they can opt for principal trading, but it requires firms to use their own capital to purchase stocks and securities. On the other hand, agency trading is a more stable manner of earning revenue with limited risk. The firm does not need to introduce its own capital; instead, they just charge brokerage fees or fees to facilitate clients to execute their trades.

Conclusion

On a concluding note, there are two fundamental ways in which a financial market operates: principal trading and agency trading. Principal trading is a more aggressive way to earn profits by taking on higher risk by using the firm’s own capital. On the other hand, agency trading focuses on a more stable way to earn profit by only executing trades on behalf of clients and getting revenue only through brokerage or commission. Principal trading is often used by institutions that have a dedicated research team and resources. Therefore, for an investor, it is advisable to understand the functioning of institution and agency trading to have a clear picture of how a market works. for more Market Information & Learning Download Pocketful offers Zero Brokrage on Delivery, Mutual Funds & IPOs easy to use platform.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	Mutual Fund vs ETF. Are They Same Or Different?
2	Difference Between Gold ETF and Silver ETF
3	ETF vs Stock – Which One is the Better Investment Option?
4	Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund: Differences and Similarities
5	ETF vs Index Fund: Key Differences You Must Know
6	Sovereign Gold Bonds vs. Gold ETF: Which is a Better Investment?
7	Gold BeES vs Gold ETF: Meaning, How It Works, Taxation
8	SIP in ETF: How to Invest Regularly in ETFs
9	Margin Trading vs Short Selling – Key Differences
10	Difference between Margin Trading and Leverage Trading

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is Principal Trading?
Principal trading is a mode in which a firm executes trades by itself using its own funds and earns a profit.
Can a firm buy and sell securities?
Yes, a firm can use its own capital to buy and sell securities. This helps a firm to earn a higher profit by taking advantage of the market opportunities.
Can a firm do both principal and agency trading?
Yes, a firm can be engaged in both principal and agency trading. They can execute a trade on their own using their fund and execute trades for clients.
Can a firm be involved in both principal and agency trading?
Yes, a firm can be involved in both principal and agency trading. They can act as a principal, along with this, they can also facilitate client trade.
How does a firm earn money through agency trading?
A firm can earn money through brokerage or commission for the trades executed on behalf of clients, irrespective of whether the client makes a profit or a loss.

May 6, 2026

Difference between Online Trading and Offline Trading

If you talk to someone who invested in the stock market 15-20 years ago, they will tell you how different things were back then. You could not just open an app and buy shares in seconds. You had to call a broker, place your order, and wait. Today, things have completely changed.

You can buy or sell stocks anytime, from anywhere. But even now, both options still exist, online trading and offline trading.

So which one is better? And what exactly is the difference?

What is Online Trading?

Online trading is when you buy and sell stocks using a mobile app or website, without making any calls, and without a middleman.

You log in to your trading account, check stock prices, place your order, and it gets executed instantly. Platforms today also give charts, research tools, and portfolio tracking, all at one place.

What is Offline Trading?

Offline trading is the traditional way of trading. Here, you do not place the trade yourself. Instead, you call your broker (or sometimes visit them), tell them what you want to buy or sell, and they execute the trade for you.

The History

In the past, the stock market felt like a private club. You needed a lot of money and a personal broker to trade.

If you wanted to buy a stock, a broker literally had to shout your order to another person. It was chaotic, slow, and prone to errors.

In the 1990s, the internet changed the rules. Websites replaced phone calls, and for the first time, you could see stock prices on your screen at home.

Around 2010, the use of mobile phones turned trading into a daily habit. Apps were simple and easy to use.

That is how we evolved from offline to online trading.

Read Also: Benefits of Online Trading

Online Trading vs. Offline Trading – Table of Differences

S. No	Basis	Online Trading	Offline Trading
1	Meaning	Buying and selling shares through apps or websites	Buying and selling shares through a broker (call or in person)
2	Control	You have full control over your trades	Broker executes trades on your behalf
3	Speed	Instant execution	Slower due to communication with the broker
4	Convenience	Can trade anytime, from anywhere	Limited to broker availability
5	Cost (Brokerage)	Usually low	Generally higher
6	Transparency	Real-time updates and tracking	Depends on the broker for updates
9	Risk of Errors	Less, since you place orders yourself	Possible miscommunication errors
10	Human Interaction	Minimal	High personal interaction

Why People Prefer Online Trading Today?

It is more convenient: With online trading, you do not have to depend on anyone. You can sit at home, open an app, and place a trade within seconds, just like using UPI or ordering food.
Speed: Markets move quickly. Prices change every second. Online trading lets you act instantly. You see an opportunity, you place the order right away. In offline trading, even a small delay can change the price you get. That is why speed becomes a big reason people switch.
Less Expensive: Most online platforms charge much lower fees compared to traditional brokers, which, over time, saves money, and especially if you trade regularly, those savings really add up.
Transparency: Online platforms show everything in real time, prices, profit or loss, charts, and past orders. You do not have to call someone to ask, “What’s happening with my investment?” You can just check it yourself in a few seconds.
No back-and-forth with brokers: In offline trading, communication can sometimes slow things down. Maybe the broker is busy, maybe there is confusion in the order; small issues like these happen.

Risks Involved of Online Trading vs. Offline Trading

Online Trading

You might trade too much: Since everything is just a click away, it is tempting to keep buying and selling. Over time, this can hurt your returns and lead to unnecessary overtrading.
Emotional decisions happen quickly: When prices move fast, people often react without thinking, which often leads to wrong decisions, and people end up losing their capital. You might buy out of excitement or sell out of panic.
Knowledge gap: If you do not fully understand what you are investing in, it is easy to make poor decisions. There is no one stopping you at that moment.

Offline Trading

Delays: You call your broker, explain your order, and then they place it. At that time, prices may already have changed, and you might not be able to buy at your desired price, which will lead to frustration.
Miscommunication: Sometimes things get lost in conversation, wrong quantity, wrong price, or wrong order type. You say something else, your broker understands something else, which becomes very chaotic.
Advice may not always fit you: Even though brokers guide you, their suggestions may not always match your exact goals or risk level.

What Should You Choose?

If you like doing things on your own, online trading will probably suit you better. You get full control, you can act quickly, and you do not have to depend on anyone. It also saves money on brokerage, which matters in the long run.

However, you will need to take responsibility for your decisions and keep learning along the way.

Alternatively if you prefer guidance, then offline trading will be a good fit for you. Having a broker means you can ask questions

Today, people use online platforms to place trades, but still take advice from someone they trust when needed.

Conclusion

The internet has made online trading easily accessible. But that does not mean offline trading is completely outdated. It still has its place for people who value advice and personal interaction.

At the end of the day, the best method is the one that matches your comfort level, because in investing, being consistent and confident matters more than the platform you use.

Start your online trading and investing journey with Pocketful – offering lower brokerage than peers, an easy-to-use platform, and advanced trading tools.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	Mutual Fund vs ETF. Are They Same Or Different?
2	Difference Between Gold ETF and Silver ETF
3	ETF vs Stock – Which One is the Better Investment Option?
4	Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund: Differences and Similarities
5	ETF vs Index Fund: Key Differences You Must Know
6	ETF vs FOF: Key Differences
7	Gold BeES vs Gold ETF: Meaning, How It Works, Taxation
8	SIP in ETF: How to Invest Regularly in ETFs
9	Margin Trading vs Short Selling – Key Differences
10	Difference between Margin Trading and Leverage Trading

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is online trading safe?
Yes, if you use trusted platforms, online trading is usually safe.
Should beginners start with online trading?
Yes, but they should learn the basics first to avoid losses.
Is offline trading outdated?
No, it is not outdated, but less commonly used now.
Which one is better overall?
For most people today, online trading is more convenient and easier
Which app is best for Online trading?
Pocketful is a good option since the app has a simple and clean user interface, which makes trading easy and fun.

May 6, 2026

SWP vs FD: Which is Better for Regular Income & Tax Savings in India?

If you are looking for a regular income from your savings, two options usually come up: Fixed Deposits (FDs) and Systematic Withdrawal Plans (SWPs).

FDs have been around forever and feel safe. SWPs are relatively new concepts and linked to mutual funds, so they sound a bit more “market-driven”. Both can give you regular cash flow. But the way they work, and what you get in the long run, is quite different.

In today’s blog, we will break down these terms in a simple way.

What is an SWP

In an SWP, you invest a lump sum in a fund, and instead of withdrawing everything at once, you take out a fixed amount at regular intervals, say every month. The rest of your money stays invested in the selected mutual fund scheme and continues to grow.

How does it work?

You first invest a lump sum amount in a mutual fund scheme, let’s say INR 50 lakh.

On your chosen date, the fund automatically sells pre-decided units from your portfolio the proceeds are credited back to your account.

For example, if you decide to put a trigger of 0.75% on the amount of INR 50 Lakh, you will get INR 37,500 in the bank account.

The remaining units continue to stay invested and earn market returns.

Features of SWP

Regular Income: SWP lets you withdraw a fixed amount, monthly, quarterly, or at any frequency you choose. It is a good option if anyone wants a steady cash flow from their investments.
Flexible Withdrawal: You can increase or decrease the withdrawal amount. Change the frequency and pause or stop the SWP anytime. There is no fixed structure like traditional products.
Helps in Better Cash Flow Planning: SWP is useful for planning regular expenses like monthly household costs, retirement income, and education expenses. It brings discipline to your investment journey
No Lock-in: Most mutual funds, except ELSS, do not have any lock-in period. So you can start or stop your SWP whenever you want to without any restrictions.
Taxation: One of the biggest advantages of SWP is how it is taxed. You do not pay tax on the full withdrawal amount. Instead, you only pay tax on the gains portion.

For example, you invested INR 50 lakh and started withdrawing from the next day. The taxation for the first year will be short-term capital gain at a flat 20%, and from the next year onwards, the taxation will be long-term at 12.5% over and above 1.25 lakh.

What is a Fixed Deposit?

In a fixed deposit, you put a lump sum in a bank for a fixed time, and the bank gives you a fixed interest rate.

You can either take the interest regularly (monthly, quarterly), or let it accumulate and withdraw the interest as well as the principal at maturity

How Does it Work?

You invest a one-time principal amount, let’s say, INR 50,000 for a chosen period, which usually ranges from 7 days to 10 years.

The interest rate is locked in at the opening and does not change, even if the market fluctuates later. For example, you decided to invest with ABC bank that is offering 7.5% interest rate on FDs. In this case, your interest will be locked at 7.5%.

Once the period ends, the bank returns your original principal and the interest accumulated.

Features of Fixed Deposit

Fixed and Predictable Returns: When you do an FD, the interest rate is locked in, which implies that you already know in advance how much you will earn at the end. You can easily calculate the final amount using the Pocketful FD calculator online.
Choice of Tenure: You can choose how long you want to keep your money invested. It can be as short as a few days or as long as 10 years. So you can plan it based on your needs.
Loan Facility: Instead of breaking your fixed deposit, you can also take a loan or overdraft against it, which can be 90-95% of the principal amount and that too usually at a lower interest rate.
4. Low Risk: Since FDs are not linked to the stock market, their returns remain unaffected by the market movement. It does not matter whether the market is up or down; your money is safe.
Taxation: The interest you earn is fully taxable as per your income tax slab. Also, banks may deduct TDS if your interest crosses a certain limit.

For example, if you have an FD of INR 10 Lakh at 7.5%, and you fall into 30% tax bracket, your tax will be INR 22,500.

SWP vs FD – Table of Differences

S. No	Basis	Fixed Deposit (FD)	Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP)
1	Nature of Returns	Fixed and guaranteed	Market-linked, not guaranteed
2	Risk Level	Very low risk	Depends on the fund (low to moderate or high)
3	Income Type	Fixed interest payout	Flexible withdrawal amount
4	Taxation	Full interest taxed as per the slab	Only the capital gains portion is taxed
5	Inflation Impact	May struggle to beat inflation	Better chance to beat inflation over time
6	Liquidity	Premature withdrawal allowed with a penalty	High liquidity, can withdraw anytime
7	Flexibility	Limited flexibility	Highly flexible (change, pause, stop anytime)
8	Capital Protection	Capital is usually safe	Not guaranteed, depends on market performance
9	Best Use Case	Short-term goals, capital safety	Long-term income, retirement planning
10	Suitable For	Conservative investors	Investors who are willing to take some risk for better returns
11	Impact of Market	No impact	Directly impacted by market performance
12	Loan Facility	Loan available against FD	No loan facility like an FD

How to Choose Between FD & SWP

1. What do you need the money for?

Start with the basic question. If you just want to park money safely for a short time, FD is good enough, or if you want a regular income over many years, SWP can work better

2. How much risk are you okay with?

This is important. If you do not want to see your investment value fluctuate, choose an FD. If you are comfortable with small ups and downs, go with SWP

3. Taxation

FD interest is fully taxed every year, and in SWP, only a part of what you withdraw is taxed. So if you are in a higher tax bracket, SWP can save you some money over time.

4. Investment Horizon

For short-term needs, FD is considered a safe option, and for long-term income, SWP has an edge since over longer periods, inflation eats into fixed returns. SWP at least gives your money a chance to grow.

To wrap it up, if you are still unsure, do not overthink it. You can split your money:

Keep some in FD for stability
Use SWP for better long-term income

Conclusion

FD and SWP are both useful in their own way; it comes down to what you need from your money.

If you want complete peace of mind, fixed returns, and no ups and downs, an FD feels comfortable and reliable. There is no thinking involved once you invest.

SWP, on the other hand, is a bit more flexible. It gives you regular income, but also keeps your money working in the background. Over time, this can make a difference, especially when you factor in inflation and taxes.

You do not have to pick just one. Many people use both, FD for stability and SWP for better long-term income.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	Mutual Fund vs ETF. Are They Same Or Different?
2	ETF vs Index Fund: Key Differences You Must Know
3	Digital Silver vs Silver ETF: Which is Better?
4	Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund: Differences and Similarities
5	FD (Fixed Deposit) vs Stocks: Which is the better investment option?
6	Regular vs Direct Mutual Funds: Make The Right Investment Decision
7	Mutual Funds vs Direct Investing: Differences, Pros, Cons, and Suitability
8	SIP in Stocks vs SIP in Mutual funds?
9	Mutual Funds vs Individual Stocks: Which Investment Option Is Better for You?
10	Daily SIP vs Monthly SIP: Which SIP is Better?

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

FD or SWP, which one should I choose?
Go for FD if you want safety. Choose SWP if you can take some risk for better returns.
Is SWP safe?
It depends on the fund. Debt funds are relatively stable, but it’s not completely risk-free.
Can SWP give me a monthly income?
Yes, you can set a fixed amount to be withdrawn every month.
Can my SWP money finish?
Yes, if you withdraw too much or the markets don’t perform well.
Which one saves more tax?
In most cases, SWP is more tax-efficient than FD with an effective tax rate of 4-5%

May 5, 2026

F&O Monthly Expiry May 2026: Date, Impact & Strategy Guide

The F&O expiry date is one critical day when trades shift. It is the time when either the contracts are settled, rolled over, or reshaped. This often leads to sharp moves, sudden volatility, and increased trading activity.

This is the time when the traders make the call and also set the tone for the future. So, let us explore these dates in the guide over here. But before that ley us understand the concept of monthly expiry here.

What Is F&O Monthly Expiry?

F&O monthly expiry refers to the last trading day of futures and options contracts for a given month. In India, this usually falls on the last Thursday of the month on exchanges like NSE or BSE.

This is the day when all the open positions must be settled or rolled over to the next month. This makes it a key event in the derivatives market.

Why Is Monthly Expiry Important For Traders

Monthly expiry matters for various reasons. While they actually impact trade and markets, there are other reasons to be considered as well. Traders often adjust or close positions, which leads to noticeable market activity. Some of the reasons are:

Higher volatility is common due to position unwinding and rollover activity.
Increased trading volumes can create short-term opportunities.
Option premiums decay rapidly as expiry approaches.
Institutional activity becomes more visible, influencing trends.
It helps traders reassess strategies for the next trading cycle.

Expiry Date Rules In F&O

Expiry dates in the F&O segment follow a structured system used at all exchanges in India. This helps traders understand deadlines and contracts clearly. The points to understand here are:

Monthly expiry usually falls on the last Thursday of the month.
Weekly experiences are scheduled on specific weekdays depending on the index.
If the expiry day is a trading holiday, it shifts to the previous trading day.
Stock derivatives follow the same monthly expiry cycle as indices.
Commodity expiries vary based on contract specifications and exchange rules.

Recent SEBI Rules And Changes In Expiry

SEBI has introduced several changes to improve market stability and reduce excessive speculation, especially around expiry days. These updates directly affect how traders approach F&O.

Limiting multiple weekly expiries to reduce overtrading in index options.
Increasing lot sizes in index derivatives to control retail exposure.
Stricter margin requirements near expiry to manage risk.
Tighter monitoring of expiry day manipulation and unusual volumes.
Rules for non-benchmark index derivatives, including stock weight caps.

These changes aim to make expiry trading more disciplined while reducing sudden, high-risk movements often seen on expiry days.

Options Expiry Dates – May 2026

Date	Contracts
5 May (Tue)	NIFTY 50 Weekly
7 May (Thu)	SENSEX Weekly
12 May (Tue)	NIFTY 50 Weekly
14 May (Thu)	SENSEX Weekly, Crude Oil Options, Crude Oil Mini Options
19 May (Tue)	NIFTY 50 Weekly
21 May (Thu)	SENSEX Weekly
22 May (Fri)	Natural Gas Options, Natural Gas Mini Options, Copper Options
26 May (Tue)	NIFTY 50 Weekly and Monthly, BANKNIFTY, FINNIFTY, NIFTY Midcap Select, NIFTY Next 50, NSE Stock Options, Silver Options, Silver Mini Options
27 May (Wed)	SENSEX Weekly and Monthly, BANKEX, BSE Stock Options, Gold Options
29 May (Fri)	Gold Mini Options

Futures Expiry Dates – May 2026

Date	Contracts
18 May (Mon)	Crude Oil Futures, Crude Oil Mini Futures
26 May (Tue)	Natural Gas Futures and Mini, NIFTY 50, NIFTY Next 50, BANKNIFTY, NIFTY Midcap Select, FINNIFTY, NSE Stock Futures
27 May (Wed)	BSE Stock Futures, SENSEX, BANKEX
29 May (Fri)	Gold Ten Futures, Gold Petal Futures

These dates may shift slightly due to market holidays, so it is always better to confirm the final schedule.

How To Trade During F&O Monthly Expiry

Trading on monthly expiry needs a structured approach. At the same time, those who are willing to trade in F&O should follow a systematic series of steps to ensure there are no lapses. The steps that are needed are:

Step 1: Open And Set Up Your Trading Account

Start by opening a Demat and trading account with a reliable platform like Pocketful. Complete your KYC, activate the F&O segment, and ensure margin availability before expiry week.

Step 2: Identify The Right Contracts

If you are a beginner, then try to focus on liquid indices like NIFTY 50 and BANKNIFTY. These contracts have tighter spreads and better execution, which is important on high volatility days like expiry.

Step 3: Track Open Interest And Price Action

Check where major open interest is built. This helps you understand support and resistance zones and market sentiment before entering a trade.

Step 4: Choose A Clear Strategy

When you plan trades, it is important to plan carefully. You must avoid all sorts of impulse trades or those which you might not understand. This is where you need to do proper analysis based on:

Option buying for directional moves.
Spreads like bull call or bear put to manage risk.
Iron condor if you expect range-bound movement.

Step 5: Define Entry, Target, And Stop Loss

Enter trades only after confirmation. Always set a stop loss and target in advance. This will help you to avoid emotional decisions during fast market moves.

Step 6: Monitor And Exit On Time

Do not wait till the last minute without a plan. Exit or roll over positions based on your strategy. Expiry moves can reverse quickly, so timely execution matters.

Read Also: Open Interest in F&O Explained

Reasons For Volatility During F&O Expiry

Volatility during F&O monthly expiry is not random. It comes from a mix of position adjustments, time decay, and institutional activity. As contracts approach settlement, traders actively close, roll over, or rebalance positions. This creates sharp price movements within a short time frame.

Position unwinding increases as traders square off expiring contracts.
Rollover activity shifts positions to the next month, impacting prices.
Option time decay accelerates, especially for out-of-the-money contracts.
High open interest at key strike prices leads to sudden breakouts.
Institutional and algorithmic trades increase volume and speed.
Short covering or long liquidation can trigger rapid directional moves.

Conclusion

F&O monthly expiry is quite an important date in the calendar. It is when the trades either settle or get pushed ahead. This is an important point that every trader must keep in mind to avoid losses or wrong calls. Also, this day is usually marked by high volatility, making it important to keep track.

But if you are planning to trade in F&O, using a reliable platform like Pocketful can help you execute trades smoothly, track positions easily, and stay up to date on market movements in real time.

S.NO.	Check Out These Interesting Posts You Might Enjoy!
1	Physical Settlement in Futures and Options
2	Types of Futures and Futures Traders
3	Option Chain Analysis: A Detail Guide for Beginners
4	Option Buying vs Option Selling: Key Differences
5	Bullish Options Trading Strategies Explained for Beginners
6	What Is Day Trading and How to Start With It?
7	Nifty Weekly Options Strategy for Beginners
8	Types of Trading Accounts
9	SEBI F&O New Rules 2026: Key Changes, Impact & Guide
10	Difference Between Options and Futures

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What Is F&O Monthly Expiry?
F&O monthly expiry is the last trading day of futures and options contracts for a given month. On this day, all open positions are either settled or rolled over to the next month.
Why Does Volatility Increase On Expiry Day?
Volatility increases due to position unwinding, rollover activity, and rapid option time decay. High trading volumes also contribute to sharp price movements.
Can Beginners Trade On Expiry Day?
Beginners can trade, but it is better to use low-risk strategies and avoid high leverage. Expiry day moves can be unpredictable.
What Happens If I Do Not Exit My Position Before Expiry?
If you do not exit, your position may be settled automatically. In options, out-of-the-money contracts expire worthless, while in-the-money contracts may be exercised.
Which Is Better On Expiry Day: Option Buying Or Selling?
Both can work depending on market conditions. Option buyers benefit from strong moves, while sellers benefit from time decay if the market stays within a range.

May 5, 2026

Blog

Understanding Mutual Fund & Returns

What are Annualised Returns

Importance of Annualised Returns

1. Helps Compare Different Investments

2. Shows the True Picture

3. Useful for Long-term Planning

Annualised Returns vs. Absolute Returns

Formula for Annualised Returns

Where to Check Annulised Returns

1. Use Investment Apps or Platforms

2. Check the Fund House Website

3. Use Financial Websites for Comparison

Things to Keep in Mind

1. Always Compare Similar Funds

2. Do not look at Just One Number

3. Try to interpret what you are seeing

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is annualised return the same as CAGR?

When should I use annualised returns?

Can annualised returns be negative?

Do mutual fund apps show annualised returns?

Is a higher annualised return always better?

Meaning of trail commission in mutual fund

Who Receives Trailing Commissions?

How to Calculate Trail Commission?

Use of trail commission in mutual fund

Advantage of trail commission in mutual fund

For the distributor,

For the investor,

Disadvantage trail commission in mutual fund

For the distributor,

For the investor

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the meaning of trail commission in mutual funds?

What are the benefits of paying a trail commission?

How to use the trail commission calculation formula?

Who actually pays this commission to the distributor?

How can you avoid paying trail commissions?

Why you should Trade Silver Intraday?

Factors Affecting Silver Prices

Best Time for Silver Intraday Trading

Silver Intraday Trading Strategies

1. Breakout Strategy

2. Moving Average Strategy

3. VWAP Strategy

4. News-Based Trading

Indicators That Work Best for Silver

1. RSI

2. MACD

3. Bollinger Bands

4. Volume

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is silver good for intraday trading?

What is the best time to trade silver?

How much money do I need to start?

Does news impact silver prices?

What is a common mistake that most traders make?

What is Supply & Demand Trading?

Importance of Demand and Supply in Trading

2. It Makes Entry Points Easier

3. It Teaches You Patience

4. It Improves Your Timing

What are Demand & Supply Zones

Supply & Demand vs. Support & Resistance

Supply & Demand Trading Strategy

1. Buying Strategy

2. Selling Strategy

Risk Management in Supply & Demand Trading

Advantages of Supply and Demand Trading

Disadvantages of Supply and Demand Trading

Conclusion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is supply and demand trading in simple terms?

Is supply and demand trading better than indicators?

Can beginners use this strategy?

Does it work in intraday trading?